Study on the Characteristics of A New Hybrid Mooring System for DualPlatform Joint Operations

As the sustainable exploitation of marine resources develops,dual-platform joint operation has caught increasing attention.Dual-platform joint operation requires smaller relative motion between the two sub-platforms,which is normally difficult to be satisfied by the traditional mooring system.Therefore,a new hybrid mooring system is developed and studied in this article.To ensure safety during platform movements,both the number of anchor chains and the relative motion between the two sub-platforms are reduced in the new hybrid mooring system.By performing numerical simulations based on three-dimensional potential flow theory in AQWA and physical experiments,the performances of both the new hybrid and traditional mooring systems under two different wave conditions(i.e.,working wave and freak wave conditions) are systematically investigated.Regarding the new hybrid mooring system,the relative stability between the two sub-platforms of the new system is better,and the platforms can restore stability faster when affected by freak waves.

Numerical Optimization by Finite Element Method of Stainless Steel/Glass-Epoxy Composite Bolted Joint under Tension and Compression

The aim of this study was to optimize the geometry and the design of metallic/composite single bolted joints subjected to tension-compression loading. For this purpose, it was necessary to evaluate the stress state in each component of the bolted join. The multi-material assembly was based on the principle of double lap bolted joint. It was composed of a symmetrical balanced woven glass-epoxy composite material plate fastened to two stainless sheets using a stainless pre-stressed bolt. In order to optimize the design and the geometry of the assembly, ten configurations were proposed and studied: a classical simple bolted joint, two joints with an insert (a BigHeadR insert and a stair one) embedded in the composite, two “waved” solutions, three symmetrical configurations composed of a succession of metallic and composites layers, without a sleeve, with one and with two sleeves, and two non-symmetrical constituted of metallic and composites layers associated with a stair-insert (one with a sleeve and one without). A tridimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to model each configuration mentioned above. The FE models taked into account the different materials, the effects of contact between the different sheets of the assembly and the pre-stress in the bolt. The stress state was analyzed in the composite part. The concept of stress concentration factor was used in order to evaluate the stress increase in the highly stressed regions and to compare the ten configurations studied. For this purpose, three stress concentration factors were defined: one for a monotonic loading in tension, another for a monotonic loading in compression, and the third for a tension-compression cyclic loading. The results of the FEM computations showed that the use of alternative metallic and composite layers associated with two sleeves gived low values of stress concentration factors, smaller than 1.4. In this case, there was no contact between the bolt and the composite part and the most stressed region was not the vicinity of the hole but the end of the longest layers of the metallic inserts.

Low Complexity Joint Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems

In millimeter wave(mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems, hybrid precoding has been widely used to overcome the severe propagation loss. In order to improve the spectrum efficiency with low complexity, we propose a joint hybrid precoding algorithm for single-user mmWave MIMO systems in this paper. By using the concept of equivalent channel, the proposed algorithm skillfully utilizes the idea of alternating optimization to complete the design of RF precoder and combiner. Then, the baseband precoder and combiner are computed by calculating the singular value decomposition of the equivalent channel. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve satisfactory performance with quite low complexity. Moreover, we investigate the effects of quantization on the analog components and find that the proposed scheme is effective even with coarse quantization.

Hybrid finite-discrete element modelling of asperity degradation and gouge grinding during direct shearing of rough rock joints

A hybrid finite-discrete element method was implemented to study the fracture process of rough rock joints under direct shearing. The hybrid method reproduced the joint shear resistance evolution process from asperity sliding to degradation and from gouge formation to grinding. It is found that, in the direct shear test of rough rock joints under constant normal displacement loading conditions, higher shearing rate promotes the asperity degradation but constraints the volume dilation, which then results in higher peak shear resistance, more gouge formation and grinding, and smoother new joint surfaces. Moreover, it is found that the joint roughness affects the joint shear resistance evolution through influencing the joint fracture micro mechanism. The asperity degradation and gouge grinding are the main failure micro-mechanism in shearing rougher rock joints with deeper asperities while the asperity sliding is the main failure micro-mechanism in shearing smoother rock joints with shallower asperities. It is concluded that the hybrid finite-discrete element method is a valuable numerical tool better than traditional finite element method and discrete element method for modelling the joint sliding, asperity degradation, gouge formation, and gouge grinding occurred in the direct shear tests of rough rock joints.

Wettability, microstructure and properties of 6061 aluminum alloy/304 stainless steel butt joint achieved by laser-metal inert-gas hybrid welding-brazing

Laser-metal inert-gas(MIG)hybrid welding-brazing was applied to the butt joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and 304 stainless steel.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were studied.An excellent joint-section shape was achieved from good wettability on both sides of the stainless steel.Scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry indicated an intermetallic compound(IMC)layer at the 6061-T6/304 interface.The IMC thickness was controlled to be^2μm,which was attributed to the advantage of the laser-MIG hybrid method.Fe3Al dominated in the IMC layer at the interface between the stainless steel and the back reinforcement.The IMC layer in the remaining regions consisted mainly of Fe4Al13.A thinner IMC layer and better wettability on both sides of the stainless steel were obtained,because of the optimized energy distribution from a combination of a laser beam with a MIG arc.The average tensile strength of the joint with reinforcement using laser-MIG hybrid process was improved to be 174 MPa(60%of the 6061-T6 tensile strength),which was significantly higher than that of the joint by traditional MIG process.

Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

Numerical analysis of temperature profile and weld dimensions in laser ＋ GMAW hybrid welding of aluminum alloy T-joint

The temperature fields in the transient state and weld dimensions in laser ＋ gas metal arc welding （GMAW） hybrid welding of aluminum alloy T-joint for different welding conditions were calculated using the developed heat source model, and the effect of welding speed on them was analyzed. The results show that the temperature field for the first weld pass only shows the feature of GMAW and the one for the second weld pass has the characteristics of both laser welding and GMAW. Welding speed can affect greatly weld dimensions and temperature distribution. When welding speed reaches 3.5 m/min, the fusion zones of two weld passes are separated and the maximum peak temperature of thermal cycle on the workpiece surface decreases largely.

Study on Strengthening of RC Beam Column Joint Using Hybrid FRP Composites

Beam-Column joints are critical zones in reinforced concrete structures which are most vulnerable to earthquake forces. Hence strengthening beam-column joint is vital to save the structure and its inhabitants in case of seismic forces. Numerous retrofitting works using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are being undertaken worldwide. This work aims to investigate the effectiveness of strengthening beam-column joints using natural and artificial fibres. In this study, basalt (natural fibres) as monolithic composite (BFRP) and as hybrid composite along with glass (artificial fibres) were used for strengthening of beam-column joints. Totally six specimens were prepared and tested under monotonic loading. Specimen details used were: two control specimen, two specimens for monolithic wrapping and remaining two specimens for hybrid wrapping. The test results were compared with control and rehabilitated specimens. The performance of the treated joints was studied using the following parameters: initial and ultimate cracking loads, energy absorption, deflection ductility and stiffness at ultimate. From the test results, it was found that the hybrid combination of Basalt and Glass FRPs were found to be more effective in the treatment of beam-column joints. The strong column weak beam concept was achieved by failure in beam portion which helped in preventing the catastrophic failure of the entire structure.

Research review on steel–concrete composite joint of railway hybrid girder cable-stayed bridges

Purpose–This study aims to research the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the investigation and analysis of the development history,structure form,structural parameters,stress characteristics,shear connector stress state,force transmission mechanism,and fatigue performance,aiming at the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge,the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems are expounded.Findings–The shear-compression composite joint has become the main form in practice,featuring shortened length and simplified structure.The length of composite joints between 1.5 and 3.0 m has no significant effect on the stress and force transmission laws of the main girder.The reasonable thickness of the bearing plate is 40–70 mm.The calculation theory and simplified calculation formula of the overall bearing capacity,the nonuniformity and distribution laws of the shear connector,the force transferring ratio of steel and concrete components,the fatigue failure mechanism and structural parameters effects are the focus of the research study.Originality/value–This study puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the structural design and theoretical research of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.

配筋PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料梁柱边节点抗震性能试验研究

改善工程材料韧性和耐久性,提高框架梁柱节点抵抗变形和破坏的能力,是提高框架结构抗震韧性的有效途径之一。采用PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料代替普通混凝土应用到梁柱边节点,考虑轴压比和加密区体积配箍率的影响,设计6个配筋PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料、1个配筋单掺PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料和1个钢筋混凝土梁柱边节点试件进行拟静力试验,分析其破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能能力、钢筋应变和梁端塑性铰区转角,探讨混杂纤维的加入对梁柱边节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:与钢筋混凝土节点和单掺PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料节点相比,PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料节点的承载力高、变形能力大、延性好、耗能能力强,抗震性能显著提升。当试验轴压比从0.12增加到0.24,梁端塑性铰区产生一定的外移,塑性性能发挥更充分,同时试件的变形能力、延性、耗能能力增加。在加密区体积配箍率减小的情况下,试件仍表现出良好的抗震性能。

基于舱外航天服头盔面窗透明件的边缘复合连接技术研究

舱外航天服头盔为多层面窗结构,压力防护是其首要的防护功能,面窗与金属盔壳之间的连接方式是关键。基于舱外服头盔面窗为聚碳酸酯基材、非规则曲面、端口弧线闭合、薄壁透明等结构特点,提出了一种聚碳酸酯面窗透明件的边缘复合连接方式,并开展了结构设计、仿真分析、原理样机研制、试验验证等工作,研究结果表明:该复合连接结构稳定可靠,性能满足应用要求。

基于混合扩张状态观测器的农田平地机液压系统反步滑模控制研究

为解决农田平地机液压系统在复杂地貌平地作业时控制精度低、抗干扰能力差等问题,设计了一种基于混合扩张状态观测器(HESO)的反步滑模控制器。其中,HESO基于输出反馈信号估计系统未知状态和总扰动,并在前馈通道中进行扰动补偿;基于快速趋近律设计的反步滑模控制器输出连续光滑的控制量,增强了系统鲁棒性,克服了系统非线性与参数不确定性问题;通过Lyapunov稳定性理论对所提出的观测器和控制器稳定性进行验证,得到误差一致有界稳定结论;通过AMESim和Matlab/Simulink联合仿真与田间试验对本文控制算法的有效性和优越性进行了验证。在两条地貌情况较为复杂波浪地中单次平地和地貌情况较为相似的两田块进行3次遍历试验表明,使用本文控制方法,平地后高程相较于平地前标高的平均绝对误差、最大绝对误差、绝对误差标准差分别为0.053、0.146、0.037 m和0.02、0.041、0.011 m,较PID算法分别降低36.35%、28.32%、31.37%和62.6%、50%、51.83%。

露出式刚接箱型柱混合节点的抗震性能分析

运用ABAQUS有限元软件,分析了用于RC框架-钢结构加层混合结构的露出式刚接箱型柱节点的非线性受力性能,并在验证有限元模型正确性的基础上,深入研究了相关参数对露出式刚接节点抗震性能的影响规律,并提出设计建议。结果表明:露出式刚接箱型柱混合节点为梁塑性铰破坏,具有较强的耗能能力和塑性变形能力,但刚度退化较为严重;根据相关参数研究提出合理的设计建议,上部钢柱应尽可能采用平面内、平面外等稳定性的箱型或■字形截面柱;就论文所研究的试件来看,轴压比控制在0.16~0.40之间比较合理。

铁路混合梁钢-混结合段受力及理论计算

为研究铁路混合梁钢-混结合段结构的受力及其理论计算公式,在既有公路桥梁钢-混结合段计算公式的基础上,提出铁路混合梁钢-混结合段截面应力、顶底板剪力连接件、承压板传力验算公式;并以主跨335 m汉巴南铁路嘉陵江特大桥为研究背景,采用有限元分析的方法探究结合段受力特性及应力纵、横向分布规律,进而开展结合段受力理论与数值计算对比分析。数值计算结果表明,结合段混凝土均处于受压状态,不同截面位置处结合段钢、混应力横向分布均存在一定的不均匀性。公式验算结果表明:结合段混凝土应力均受压,满足截面应力验算要求;剪力连接件的抗力系数介于1.30~4.49,结合段剪力连接件具有良好的安全储备;承压板抗力系数介于3.18~10.08,表明前后承压板抗力远大于计算传力荷载,并具有优化的空间。理论公式计算的结合段顶底板混凝土应力、剪力钉应力与有限元计算结果总体相近,在修正后可用于钢-混结合段的防开裂/脱离、抗剪受力计算。

预制混凝土管组合柱-钢梁节点抗震性能有限元分析

针对采用不同加强形式的预制混凝土管组合柱-钢梁节点,通过建立精细化有限元模型,对节点的抗震性能进行了分析,研究了不同加强形式对节点抗震性能和承载力的影响。通过有限元参数化分析,研究了轴压比、钢梁翼缘加强宽度和加强长度对节点承载力的影响。分析结果表明:随着轴压比的增加,节点峰值荷载增幅在4%以内,轴压比对节点承载力影响较小;节点采取钢梁翼缘加强宽度后,峰值承载力提高约20%,节点钢梁翼缘加强宽度大于75mm后,增加加强宽度对节点峰值承载力的影响较小;钢梁翼缘加强长度对节点峰值承载力提升的效果有限,建议加强长度取翼缘宽度的1.7倍左右。

型钢混合连接装配式混凝土剪力墙结构受力机理研究

结合钢筋混凝土结构和钢结构的优势,设计一种型钢-螺栓-后浇混凝土装配式剪力墙型钢混合连接。基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立混合连接的剪力墙模型,探究低周往复荷载作用下该混合连接预制剪力墙的受力性能,主要分析模型的破坏形态、受力机制、变形曲线、特征承载力等,并扩展分析了材料强度、轴压比、连接件数量、型钢截面高度等参数对模型受力性能影响。结果表明:装配式剪力墙破坏形态为压弯破坏,破坏时钢连接件仍保持完整,符合“强连接,弱墙肢”的基本设计理念;装配式剪力墙具有较好的承载力、延性和刚度;轴压比对结构承载力影响显著,型钢混合连接间距的增大能有效提升剪力墙延性。建立了型钢混合连接抗剪需求承载力计算模型和公式,并与国内外规范计算值对比分析,公式计算值和BS EN 1992欧洲规范计算值分别与模拟值的误差在15%和20%以内,均可用于型钢混合连接剪力墙竖缝受剪承载力设计参考。

酸性环境下粘接剂对异质压印接头剥离强度的影响

为探究酸性环境下粘接剂对异质压印接头剥离强度的影响,以热轧双相钢DP590和AA5052作为原材料,以0.02 mol·L^(-1)的NaHSO_(3)溶液作为腐蚀液,对异质压印接头(压印接头)和粘接-压印接头(粘-压复合接头)进行了干湿周浸交替腐蚀试验,通过静力学试验、微观失效断口以及能谱分析研究了接头在酸性环境下的静力学性能和失效机理。结果表明:粘接剂的使用显著提高了接头的最大失效载荷,粘-压复合接头的承载能力较压印接头提高了56.3%。粘接剂的使用对接头的失效形式未产生影响,在腐蚀时间为0 h时,压印接头和粘-压复合接头的失效形式均为内锁拉脱失效,但随着腐蚀的进行,失效形式逐渐转变为颈部断裂失效。粘-压复合接头上板的微观断口形貌均表现为韧窝状,下板拉伸失效部位的划痕逐渐加深。酸性腐蚀环境下压印接头搭接区域表面元素特征较粘-压复合接头变化明显,表明粘接剂的使用对压印接头起到了一定的保护作用。

铝合金T型接头激光+GMAW复合焊残余应力数值分析

目的研究激光+GMAW复合焊中不同激光功率参数对铝合金T型接头残余应力的影响,从而提高焊接性能。方法分别考虑了热弹塑性理论、传热学以及T型接头几何特性,建立了铝合金T型接头激光+电弧复合焊残余应力的数值分析模型。采用双椭球体热源模型表征电弧热输入与熔滴晗,采用锥体热源模型对激光深熔焊进行描述。基于所建立的T型接头模型,使用ANSYS有限元软件对12 mm厚铝合金激光+GMAW焊T型接头残余应力进行模拟计算,并研究其分布特征;使用X射线衍射法对T型接头处的残余应力进行测量从而对所建模型的准确性进行验证。同时,对比了不同激光功率下铝合金T型接头对残余应力的影响规律。结果当激光功率分别为2、3、4、5 kW时,铝合金T型接头路径L3上的纵向残余应力最大值分别为270、263、258、251 MPa,米塞斯-等效应力最大值分别为265、261、257、250 MPa。结论后焊的焊缝A对焊缝B有明显的热处理作用,使应力明显降低;在T型接头焊缝及近缝区,横向残余应力和厚度方向残余应力峰值均比纵向残余应力峰值小,且随着激光功率的增大,焊缝及近缝区拉应力峰值不断减小。