Hybrid Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization with Evolutionary Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing

Task scheduling plays a key role in effectively managing and allocating computing resources to meet various computing tasks in a cloud computing environment.Short execution time and low load imbalance may be the challenges for some algorithms in resource scheduling scenarios.In this work,the Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization-Evolutionary Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm(HPSO-EABC)has been proposed,which hybrids our presented Evolutionary Artificial Bee Colony(EABC),and Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization(HPSO)algorithm.The HPSO-EABC algorithm incorporates both the advantages of the HPSO and the EABC algorithm.Comprehensive testing including evaluations of algorithm convergence speed,resource execution time,load balancing,and operational costs has been done.The results indicate that the EABC algorithm exhibits greater parallelism compared to the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm.Compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm,the HPSO algorithmnot only improves the global search capability but also effectively mitigates getting stuck in local optima.As a result,the hybrid HPSO-EABC algorithm demonstrates significant improvements in terms of stability and convergence speed.Moreover,it exhibits enhanced resource scheduling performance in both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments,effectively reducing execution time and cost,which also is verified by the ablation experimental.

Optimal Configuration of Fault Location Measurement Points in DC Distribution Networks Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The escalating deployment of distributed power sources and random loads in DC distribution networks hasamplified the potential consequences of faults if left uncontrolled. To expedite the process of achieving an optimalconfiguration of measurement points, this paper presents an optimal configuration scheme for fault locationmeasurement points in DC distribution networks based on an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm.Initially, a measurement point distribution optimization model is formulated, leveraging compressive sensing.The model aims to achieve the minimum number of measurement points while attaining the best compressivesensing reconstruction effect. It incorporates constraints from the compressive sensing algorithm and networkwide viewability. Subsequently, the traditional particle swarm algorithm is enhanced by utilizing the Haltonsequence for population initialization, generating uniformly distributed individuals. This enhancement reducesindividual search blindness and overlap probability, thereby promoting population diversity. Furthermore, anadaptive t-distribution perturbation strategy is introduced during the particle update process to enhance the globalsearch capability and search speed. The established model for the optimal configuration of measurement points issolved, and the results demonstrate the efficacy and practicality of the proposed method. The optimal configurationreduces the number of measurement points, enhances localization accuracy, and improves the convergence speedof the algorithm. These findings validate the effectiveness and utility of the proposed approach.

A Proposed Feature Selection Particle Swarm Optimization Adaptation for Intelligent Logistics--A Supply Chain Backlog Elimination Framework

The diversity of data sources resulted in seeking effective manipulation and dissemination.The challenge that arises from the increasing dimensionality has a negative effect on the computation performance,efficiency,and stability of computing.One of the most successful optimization algorithms is Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)which has proved its effectiveness in exploring the highest influencing features in the search space based on its fast convergence and the ability to utilize a small set of parameters in the search task.This research proposes an effective enhancement of PSO that tackles the challenge of randomness search which directly enhances PSO performance.On the other hand,this research proposes a generic intelligent framework for early prediction of orders delay and eliminate orders backlogs which could be considered as an efficient potential solution for raising the supply chain performance.The proposed adapted algorithm has been applied to a supply chain dataset which minimized the features set from twenty-one features to ten significant features.To confirm the proposed algorithm results,the updated data has been examined by eight of the well-known classification algorithms which reached a minimum accuracy percentage equal to 94.3%for random forest and a maximum of 99.0 for Naïve Bayes.Moreover,the proposed algorithm adaptation has been compared with other proposed adaptations of PSO from the literature over different datasets.The proposed PSO adaptation reached a higher accuracy compared with the literature ranging from 97.8 to 99.36 which also proved the advancement of the current research.

Fitness Sharing Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (FSCPSO): A Metaheuristic Approach for Allocating Dynamic Virtual Machine (VM) in Fog Computing Architecture

In recent decades,fog computing has played a vital role in executing parallel computational tasks,specifically,scientific workflow tasks.In cloud data centers,fog computing takes more time to run workflow applications.Therefore,it is essential to develop effective models for Virtual Machine(VM)allocation and task scheduling in fog computing environments.Effective task scheduling,VM migration,and allocation,altogether optimize the use of computational resources across different fog nodes.This process ensures that the tasks are executed with minimal energy consumption,which reduces the chances of resource bottlenecks.In this manuscript,the proposed framework comprises two phases:(i)effective task scheduling using a fractional selectivity approach and(ii)VM allocation by proposing an algorithm by the name of Fitness Sharing Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization(FSCPSO).The proposed FSCPSO algorithm integrates the concepts of chaos theory and fitness sharing that effectively balance both global exploration and local exploitation.This balance enables the use of a wide range of solutions that leads to minimal total cost and makespan,in comparison to other traditional optimization algorithms.The FSCPSO algorithm’s performance is analyzed using six evaluation measures namely,Load Balancing Level(LBL),Average Resource Utilization(ARU),total cost,makespan,energy consumption,and response time.In relation to the conventional optimization algorithms,the FSCPSO algorithm achieves a higher LBL of 39.12%,ARU of 58.15%,a minimal total cost of 1175,and a makespan of 85.87 ms,particularly when evaluated for 50 tasks.

Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Parameter Identification of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

In the process of identifying parameters for a permanent magnet synchronous motor,the particle swarm optimization method is prone to being stuck in local optima in the later stages of iteration,resulting in low parameter accuracy.This work proposes a fuzzy particle swarm optimization approach based on the transformation function and the filled function.This approach addresses the topic of particle swarmoptimization in parameter identification from two perspectives.Firstly,the algorithm uses a transformation function to change the form of the fitness function without changing the position of the extreme point of the fitness function,making the extreme point of the fitness function more prominent and improving the algorithm’s search ability while reducing the algorithm’s computational burden.Secondly,on the basis of themulti-loop fuzzy control systembased onmultiplemembership functions,it is merged with the filled function to improve the algorithm’s capacity to skip out of the local optimal solution.This approach can be used to identify the parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motors by sampling only the stator current,voltage,and speed data.The simulation results show that the method can effectively identify the electrical parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous motor,and it has superior global convergence performance and robustness.

Quantitative algorithm for airborne gamma spectrum of large sample based on improved shuffled frog leaping-particle swarm optimization convolutional neural network

In airborne gamma ray spectrum processing,different analysis methods,technical requirements,analysis models,and calculation methods need to be established.To meet the engineering practice requirements of airborne gamma-ray measurements and improve computational efficiency,an improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm-particle swarm optimization convolutional neural network(SFLA-PSO CNN)for large-sample quantitative analysis of airborne gamma-ray spectra is proposed herein.This method was used to train the weight of the neural network,optimize the structure of the network,delete redundant connections,and enable the neural network to acquire the capability of quantitative spectrum processing.In full-spectrum data processing,this method can perform the functions of energy spectrum peak searching and peak area calculations.After network training,the mean SNR and RMSE of the spectral lines were 31.27 and 2.75,respectively,satisfying the demand for noise reduction.To test the processing ability of the algorithm in large samples of airborne gamma spectra,this study considered the measured data from the Saihangaobi survey area as an example to conduct data spectral analysis.The results show that calculation of the single-peak area takes only 0.13~0.15 ms,and the average relative errors of the peak area in the U,Th,and K spectra are 3.11,9.50,and 6.18%,indicating the high processing efficiency and accuracy of this algorithm.The performance of the model can be further improved by optimizing related parameters,but it can already meet the requirements of practical engineering measurement.This study provides a new idea for the full-spectrum processing of airborne gamma rays.

Data-driven production optimization using particle swarm algorithm based on the ensemble-learning proxy model

Production optimization is of significance for carbonate reservoirs,directly affecting the sustainability and profitability of reservoir development.Traditional physics-based numerical simulations suffer from insufficient calculation accuracy and excessive time consumption when performing production optimization.We establish an ensemble proxy-model-assisted optimization framework combining the Bayesian random forest(BRF)with the particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO).The BRF method is implemented to construct a proxy model of the injectioneproduction system that can accurately predict the dynamic parameters of producers based on injection data and production measures.With the help of proxy model,PSO is applied to search the optimal injection pattern integrating Pareto front analysis.After experimental testing,the proxy model not only boasts higher prediction accuracy compared to deep learning,but it also requires 8 times less time for training.In addition,the injection mode adjusted by the PSO algorithm can effectively reduce the gaseoil ratio and increase the oil production by more than 10% for carbonate reservoirs.The proposed proxy-model-assisted optimization protocol brings new perspectives on the multi-objective optimization problems in the petroleum industry,which can provide more options for the project decision-makers to balance the oil production and the gaseoil ratio considering physical and operational constraints.

Angular insensitive nonreciprocal ultrawide band absorption in plasma-embedded photonic crystals designed with improved particle swarm optimization algorithm

Using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm(IPSO)to drive a transfer matrix method,a nonreciprocal absorber with an ultrawide absorption bandwidth and angular insensitivity is realized in plasma-embedded photonic crystals arranged in a structure composed of periodic and quasi-periodic sequences on a normalized scale.The effective dielectric function,which determines the absorption of the plasma,is subject to the basic parameters of the plasma,causing the absorption of the proposed absorber to be easily modulated by these parameters.Compared with other quasi-periodic sequences,the Octonacci sequence is superior both in relative bandwidth and absolute bandwidth.Under further optimization using IPSO with 14 parameters set to be optimized,the absorption characteristics of the proposed structure with different numbers of layers of the smallest structure unit N are shown and discussed.IPSO is also used to address angular insensitive nonreciprocal ultrawide bandwidth absorption,and the optimized result shows excellent unidirectional absorbability and angular insensitivity of the proposed structure.The impacts of the sequence number of quasi-periodic sequence M and collision frequency of plasma1ν1 to absorption in the angle domain and frequency domain are investigated.Additionally,the impedance match theory and the interference field theory are introduced to express the findings of the algorithm.

Hybrid optimization algorithm based on chaos,cloud and particle swarm optimization algorithm

As for the drop of particle diversity and the slow convergent speed of particle in the late evolution period when particle swarm optimization（PSO） is applied to solve high-dimensional multi-modal functions,a hybrid optimization algorithm based on the cat mapping,the cloud model and PSO is proposed.While the PSO algorithm evolves a certain of generations,this algorithm applies the cat mapping to implement global disturbance of the poorer individuals,and employs the cloud model to execute local search of the better individuals;accordingly,the obtained best individuals form a new swarm.For this new swarm,the evolution operation is maintained with the PSO algorithm,using the parameter of pop distr to balance the global and local search capacity of the algorithm,as well as,adopting the parameter of mix gen to control mixing times of the algorithm.The comparative analysis is carried out on the basis of 4 functions and other algorithms.It indicates that this algorithm shows faster convergent speed and better solving precision for solving functions particularly those high-dimensional multi-modal functions.Finally,the suggested values are proposed for parameters pop distr and mix gen applied to different dimension functions via the comparative analysis of parameters.

HEURISTIC PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR AIR COMBAT DECISION-MAKING ON CMTA

Combining the heuristic algorithm （HA） developed based on the specific knowledge of the cooperative multiple target attack （CMTA） tactics and the particle swarm optimization （PSO）, a heuristic particle swarm optimization （HPSO） algorithm is proposed to solve the decision-making （DM） problem. HA facilitates to search the local optimum in the neighborhood of a solution, while the PSO algorithm tends to explore the search space for possible solutions. Combining the advantages of HA and PSO, HPSO algorithms can find out the global optimum quickly and efficiently. It obtains the DM solution by seeking for the optimal assignment of missiles of friendly fighter aircrafts （FAs） to hostile FAs. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the general PSO algorithm and two GA based algorithms in searching for the best solution to the DM problem.

A hybrid discrete particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm for multi-task scheduling problem in service oriented manufacturing systems

To cope with the task scheduling problem under multi-task and transportation consideration in large-scale service oriented manufacturing systems(SOMS), a service allocation optimization mathematical model was established, and then a hybrid discrete particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm(HDPSOGA) was proposed. In SOMS, each resource involved in the whole life cycle of a product, whether it is provided by a piece of software or a hardware device, is encapsulated into a service. So, the transportation during production of a task should be taken into account because the hard-services selected are possibly provided by various providers in different areas. In the service allocation optimization mathematical model, multi-task and transportation were considered simultaneously. In the proposed HDPSOGA algorithm, integer coding method was applied to establish the mapping between the particle location matrix and the service allocation scheme. The position updating process was performed according to the cognition part, the social part, and the previous velocity and position while introducing the crossover and mutation idea of genetic algorithm to fit the discrete space. Finally, related simulation experiments were carried out to compare with other two previous algorithms. The results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithm.

Development of hybrid optimization algorithm for structures furnished with seismic damper devices using the particle swarm optimization method and gravitational search algorithm

Previous studies about optimizing earthquake structural energy dissipation systems indicated that most existing techniques employ merely one or a few parameters as design variables in the optimization process,and thereby are only applicable only to simple,single,or multiple degree-of-freedom structures.The current approaches to optimization procedures take a specific damper with its properties and observe the effect of applying time history data to the building;however,there are many different dampers and isolators that can be used.Furthermore,there is a lack of studies regarding the optimum location for various viscous and wall dampers.The main aim of this study is hybridization of the particle swarm optimization(PSO) and gravitational search algorithm(GSA) to optimize the performance of earthquake energy dissipation systems(i.e.,damper devices) simultaneously with optimizing the characteristics of the structure.Four types of structural dampers device are considered in this study:(ⅰ) variable stiffness bracing(VSB) system,(ⅱ) rubber wall damper(RWD),(ⅲ) nonlinear conical spring bracing(NCSB) device,(iv) and multi-action stiffener(MAS) device.Since many parameters may affect the design of seismic resistant structures,this study proposes a hybrid of PSO and GSA to develop a hybrid,multi-objective optimization method to resolve the aforementioned problems.The characteristics of the above-mentioned damper devices as well as the section size for structural beams and columns are considered as variables for development of the PSO-GSA optimization algorithm to minimize structural seismic response in terms of nodal displacement(in three directions) as well as plastic hinge formation in structural members simultaneously with the weight of the structure.After that,the optimization algorithm is implemented to identify the best position of the damper device in the structural frame to have the maximum effect and minimize the seismic structure response.To examine the performance of the proposed PSO-GSA optimization method,it has been applied to a three-story reinforced structure equipped with a seismic damper device.The results revealed that the method successfully optimized the earthquake energy dissipation systems and reduced the effects of earthquakes on structures,which significantly increase the building’s stability and safety during seismic excitation.The analysis results showed a reduction in the seismic response of the structure regarding the formation of plastic hinges in structural members as well as the displacement of each story to approximately 99.63%,60.5%,79.13% and 57.42% for the VSB device,RWD,NCSB device,and MAS device,respectively.This shows that using the PSO-GSA optimization algorithm and optimized damper devices in the structure resulted in no structural damage due to earthquake vibration.

Closed-loop scheduling optimization strategy based on particle swarm optimization with niche technology and soft sensor method of attributes-applied to gasoline blending process

Gasoline blending scheduling optimization can bring significant economic and efficient benefits to refineries.However,the optimization model is complex and difficult to build,which is a typical mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.Considering the large scale of the MINLP model,in order to improve the efficiency of the solution,the mixed integer linear programming-nonlinear programming(MILP-NLP)strategy is used to solve the problem.This paper uses the linear blending rules plus the blending effect correction to build the gasoline blending model,and a relaxed MILP model is constructed on this basis.The particle swarm optimization algorithm with niche technology(NPSO)is proposed to optimize the solution,and the high-precision soft-sensor method is used to calculate the deviation of gasoline attributes,the blending effect is dynamically corrected to ensure the accuracy of the blending effect and optimization results,thus forming a prediction-verification-reprediction closed-loop scheduling optimization strategy suitable for engineering applications.The optimization result of the MILP model provides a good initial point.By fixing the integer variables to the MILPoptimal value,the approximate MINLP optimal solution can be obtained through a NLP solution.The above solution strategy has been successfully applied to the actual gasoline production case of a refinery(3.5 million tons per year),and the results show that the strategy is effective and feasible.The optimization results based on the closed-loop scheduling optimization strategy have higher reliability.Compared with the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm,NPSO algorithm improves the optimization ability and efficiency to a certain extent,effectively reduces the blending cost while ensuring the convergence speed.

Neural network hyperparameter optimization based on improved particle swarm optimization

Hyperparameter optimization is considered as one of the most challenges in deep learning and dominates the precision of model in a certain.Recent proposals tried to solve this issue through the particle swarm optimization(PSO),but its native defect may result in the local optima trapped and convergence difficulty.In this paper,the genetic operations are introduced to the PSO,which makes the best hyperparameter combination scheme for specific network architecture be located easier.Spe-cifically,to prevent the troubles caused by the different data types and value scopes,a mixed coding method is used to ensure the effectiveness of particles.Moreover,the crossover and mutation opera-tions are added to the process of particles updating,to increase the diversity of particles and avoid local optima in searching.Verified with three benchmark datasets,MNIST,Fashion-MNIST,and CIFAR10,it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can achieve accuracies of 99.58%,93.39%,and 78.96%,respectively,improving the accuracy by about 0.1%,0.5%,and 2%,respectively,compared with that of the PSO.

Weed Classification Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Deep Learning Models

Weed is a plant that grows along with nearly allfield crops,including rice,wheat,cotton,millets and sugar cane,affecting crop yield and quality.Classification and accurate identification of all types of weeds is a challenging task for farmers in earlier stage of crop growth because of similarity.To address this issue,an efficient weed classification model is proposed with the Deep Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)that implements automatic feature extraction and performs complex feature learning for image classification.Throughout this work,weed images were trained using the proposed CNN model with evolutionary computing approach to classify the weeds based on the two publicly available weed datasets.The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University(TNAU)dataset used as afirst dataset that consists of 40 classes of weed images and the other dataset is from Indian Council of Agriculture Research–Directorate of Weed Research(ICAR-DWR)which contains 50 classes of weed images.An effective Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)technique is applied in the proposed CNN to automa-tically evolve and improve its classification accuracy.The proposed model was evaluated and compared with pre-trained transfer learning models such as GoogLeNet,AlexNet,Residual neural Network(ResNet)and Visual Geometry Group Network(VGGNet)for weed classification.This work shows that the performance of the PSO assisted proposed CNN model is significantly improved the success rate by 98.58%for TNAU and 97.79%for ICAR-DWR weed datasets.

Optimal Energy Consumption Optimization in a Smart House by Considering Electric Vehicles and Demand Response via a Hybrid Gravitational Search and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Buildings are the main energy consumers across the world,especially in urban communities.Building smartization,or the smartification of housing,therefore,is a major step towards energy grid smartization too.By controlling the energy consumption of lighting,heating,and cooling systems,energy consumption can be optimized.All or some part of the energy consumed in future smart buildings must be supplied by renewable energy sources(RES),which mitigates environmental impacts and reduces peak demand for electrical energy.In this paper,a new optimization algorithm is applied to solve the optimal energy consumption problem by considering the electric vehicles and demand response in smart homes.In this way,large power stations that work with fossil fuels will no longer be developed.The current study modeled and evaluated the performance of a smart house in the presence of electric vehicles(EVs)with bidirectional power exchangeability with the power grid,an energy storage system(ESS),and solar panels.Additionally,the solar RES and ESS for predicting solar-generated power prediction uncertainty have been considered in this work.Different case studies,including the sales of electrical energy resulting from PV panels’generated power to the power grid,time-variable loads such as washing machines,and different demand response(DR)strategies based on energy price variations were taken into account to assess the economic and technical effects of EVs,BESS,and solar panels.The proposed model was simulated in MATLAB.A hybrid particle swarm optimization(PSO)and gravitational search(GS)algorithm were utilized for optimization.Scenario generation and reduction were performed via LHS and backward methods,respectively.Obtained results demonstrate that the proposed model minimizes the energy supply cost by considering the stochastic time of use(STOU)loads,EV,ESS,and PV system.Based on the results,the proposed model markedly reduced the electricity costs of the smart house.

A Hybrid Differential Evolution Algorithm Integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization

To implement self-adaptive control parameters, a hybrid differential evolution algorithm integrated with particle swarm optimization （PSODE） is proposed. In the PSODE, control parameters are encoded to be a symbiotic individual of original individual, and each original individual has its own symbiotic individual. Differential evolution （ DE） operators are used to evolve the original population. And, particle swarm optimization （PSO） is applied to co-evolving the symbiotic population. Thus, with the evolution of the original population in PSODE, the symbiotic population is dynamically and self-adaptively adjusted and the realtime optimum control parameters are obtained. The proposed algorithm is compared with some DE variants on nine functious. The results show that the average performance of PSODE is the best.

A Hybrid Optimizer Based On Firefly Algorithm And Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

As two widely used evolutionary algorithms,particle swarm optimization(PSO)and firefly algorithm(FA)have been successfully applied to diverse difficult applications.And extensive experiments verify their own merits and characteristics.To efficiently utilize different advantages of PSO and FA,three novel operators are proposed in a hybrid optimizer based on the two algorithms,named as FAPSO in this paper.Firstly,the population of FAPSO is divided into two sub-populations selecting FA and PSO as their basic algorithm to carry out the optimization process,respectively.To exchange the information of the two sub-populations and then efficiently utilize the merits of PSO and FA,the sub-populations share their own optimal solutions while they have stagnated more than a predefined threshold.Secondly,each dimension of the search space is divided into many small-sized sub-regions,based on which much historical knowledge is recorded to help the current best solution to carry out a detecting operator.The purposeful detecting operator enables the population to find a more promising sub-region,and then jumps out of a possible local optimum.Lastly,a classical local search strategy,i.e.,BFGS QuasiNewton method,is introduced to improve the exploitative capability of FAPSO.Extensive simulations upon different functions demonstrate that FAPSO is not only outperforms the two basic algorithm,i.e.,FA and PSO,but also surpasses some state-of-the-art variants of FA and PSO,as well as two hybrid algorithms.

Optimization of Thermal Aware VLSI Non-Slicing Floorplanning Using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm-Harmony Search Algorithm

Floorplanning is a prominent area in the Very Large-Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit design automation, because it influences the performance, size, yield and reliability of the VLSI chips. It is the process of estimating the positions and shapes of the modules. A high packing density, small feature size and high clock frequency make the Integrated Circuit (IC) to dissipate large amount of heat. So, in this paper, a methodology is presented to distribute the temperature of the module on the layout while simultaneously optimizing the total area and wirelength by using a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Harmony Search (HPSOHS) algorithm. This hybrid algorithm employs diversification technique (PSO) to obtain global optima and intensification strategy (HS) to achieve the best solution at the local level and Modified Corner List algorithm (MCL) for floorplan representation. A thermal modelling tool called hotspot tool is integrated with the proposed algorithm to obtain the temperature at the block level. The proposed algorithm is illustrated using Microelectronics Centre of North Carolina (MCNC) benchmark circuits. The results obtained are compared with the solutions derived from other stochastic algorithms and the proposed algorithm provides better solution.

Research on Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Based on Improved Two-Layer Optimization Algorithm

To improve the productivity,the resource utilization and reduce the production cost of flexible job shops,this paper designs an improved two-layer optimization algorithm for the dual-resource scheduling optimization problem of flexible job shop considering workpiece batching.Firstly,a mathematical model is established to minimize the maximum completion time.Secondly,an improved two-layer optimization algorithm is designed:the outer layer algorithm uses an improved PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization)to solve the workpiece batching problem,and the inner layer algorithm uses an improved GA(Genetic Algorithm)to solve the dual-resource scheduling problem.Then,a rescheduling method is designed to solve the task disturbance problem,represented by machine failures,occurring in the workshop production process.Finally,the superiority and effectiveness of the improved two-layer optimization algorithm are verified by two typical cases.The case results show that the improved two-layer optimization algorithm increases the average productivity by 7.44% compared to the ordinary two-layer optimization algorithm.By setting the different numbers of AGVs(Automated Guided Vehicles)and analyzing the impact on the production cycle of the whole order,this paper uses two indicators,the maximum completion time decreasing rate and the average AGV load time,to obtain the optimal number of AGVs,which saves the cost of production while ensuring the production efficiency.This research combines the solved problem with the real production process,which improves the productivity and reduces the production cost of the flexible job shop,and provides new ideas for the subsequent research.