Study on integrated development and hybrid operation mode of nuclear power plant and pumped-storage power station

The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.

Feasibility Limits for a Hybrid System with Ocean Wave and Ocean Current Power Plants in Southern Coast of Brazil

Some types of renewable energy have been experiencing rapid evolution in recent decades, notably among the energies associated with the oceans, such as wave and current energies. The development of new energy conversion technologies for these two forms of energy has been offering a large number of equipment configurations and plant geometries for energy conversion. This process can be implemented aiming at the result of feasibility studies in places with energy potentials, establishing minimum feasibility limits to be reached. This work aims to contribute in this sense with a feasibility study of a system with ocean wave power plants and with socio-current power plants to be operated on the southern coast of Brazil. This study evaluates a hybrid system with contributions from energy supplies obtained from wave plants and current plants, connected to the grid and supplying the demand of the municipalities in the North Coast region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. The study was carried out with simulations with the Homer Legacy software, with some adaptations for the simulation of ocean wave plants and ocean current plants. The results indicate that the ocean wave power plants were viable in the vast majority of simulated scenarios, while the ocean current power plants were viable in the scenarios with more intense average ocean current speeds and with more expensive energy acquired from the interconnected system.

Performance and Economic Study of Oxy-fuel Gas Turbine Power Plant Utilizing Nuclear Steam Generator

The authors propose a new closed cycle oxy-fuel gas turbine power plant that utilizes a nuclear heat generator. A pressurized water reactor （PWR） is designed to supply saturated steam to an oxy-fuel gas turbine for a specific power output increase The saturated steam from the reactor can have lower pressure and temperature than those of an existing PWR. In this study, the authors estimated plant performances from a heat balance model based on a conceptual design of a hybrid plant and calculated the generating costs of the proposed plant from the Japanese cost data of an existing PWR plant and an liquefied natural gas （LNG） combined cycle gas turbine plant. The generating efficiency of an oxy-fuel gas turbine plant without a nuclear steam generator is estimated to be less than 35%. Based on this efficiency, with a nuclear steam generator contributing to the power output of the proposed hybrid plant, the corresponding generating efficiency is estimated to be around 45%, even if the steam conditions are lower than in an existing PWR. The generating costs are 15-20% lower than those calculated from the weighted heat performances of both an oxy-fuel gas turbine plant without a nuclear steam generator and an existing PWR plant.

Feasibility Analysis of Constructing Solar Power Plant by Combining Large Scale Wind Farm

Hybrid utilization of renewable energy is one of effective method which can solve the problem that unstable of renewable energy so as not to substitute traditional fossil energy. As the typical renewable energy, solar energy and wind energy are in the van of renewable energy utilization. With the large scale utilization of solar and wind energy in the world, constructing large scale solar power plant in the large scale wind farm can make the most of ground resource combining the wind energy with solar energy. Feasibility of constructing large scale solar power plant in the large scale wind farm was analyzed in this paper, and come to a conclusion that constructing large scale solar power plant in the large scale wind farm can not also achieved the goal of mutual support of resource advantages and economizing money but also improved significantly the seasonal mismatch by combining solar with wind.

Analysis on the Durability of Hybrid Polymer Composites for Power FGD System

The corrosion condition of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment for the coal-fired power plant was defined as the strong corrosion grade. The lining system of hybrid polymer composite was used in internal cylinder of steel chimney, and a corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant protective layer was formed on the metal surface. The corrosion-resistant and ageing-resistant properties of hybrid polymer composite prepared at low temperature after four years of practical use were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measurement of gravimetric variation, contact angle, abrasion resistance, bonding strength and tensile strength. The properties of hybrid polymer composites prepared at 25℃ and –15℃ were comparatively analyzed in the paper.

多组合虚拟电厂中氢储能低碳经济配置与优化

提出蓄电池-氢混合储能虚拟电厂优化运行方案,首先分析各运行单元的特性并建立协同运行优化模型,然后在虚拟电厂应用蓄电池的基础上,增加由电解槽、储氢罐和燃料电池组成的氢能系统,以实现蓄电池与氢能系统混合储能。考虑电价型需求响应和阶梯型碳交易理论,较分析5种不同方案的虚拟电厂的优化运行成本及收益,实例证明蓄电池-氢混合储能的风光虚拟电厂方案具有更好的经济性和低碳性。

计及风光不确定性的风-光-光热联合发电系统中光热电站储热容量优化配置

传统新能源电站之间联合形式单一且未考虑风光出力不确定性,弃风、弃光现象严重。为此,提出了一种考虑风光不确定性的风-光-光热联合系统的光热电站储热容量优化配置策略,利用电转热技术使风光电站和光热电站有效耦合,明确联合系统框架与原理;采用改进拉丁超立方抽样方法抑制风光出力的不确定性。最后,构建基于风光出力典型场景的光热电站储热容量双层优化配置模型,并进行算例求解,结果表明所提方法显著降低了系统总投资与运行成本,提高了清洁能源消纳能力。

基于多属性决策理论的抽蓄电站容量规划综合决策方法研究

针对风电-火电-抽蓄联合运行系统中抽蓄电站的容量规划问题,提出一种基于德尔菲法、区间直觉模糊理论、灰色关联理论和前景理论的综合决策方法。该方法考虑定性指标的不确定性、指标间的相互影响关系和决策者的风险偏好。经算例验证,所提方法能够决策出适应不同风险环境的最优容量规划方案,可为抽蓄电站容量规划问题提供参考。

Low Steam Condition Heat Generator Combined with Advanced Oxy-Fuel Combustion LNG Gas Turbine for Power Generation

We propose a novel concept for power generation that involves the combination of a LSCHG （low-steam-condition heat generator）, such as a light water nuclear reactor or a biomass combustion boiler, with an advanced closed-cycle oxy-fuel combustion gas turbine-a type of complex and efficient oxy-fuel gas turbine. In this study, a LSCHG is designed to heat water to saturated steam of a few MPa, to assist in the generation of the main working fluids, instead of a compressor used in the advanced oxy-fuel gas turbine. This saturated steam can have a lower pressure and temperature than those of an existing nuclear power plant or biomass-fired power plant. We estimated plant performances in LHV （lower heating value） basis from a heat balance model based on a conceptual design of a plant for different gas turbine inlet pressures and temperatures of 1,300 ℃ and 1,500 ℃, taking into account the work to produce O2 and capture CO2. While the net power generating efficiencies of a reference plant are estimated to be about 52.0% and 56.0% at 1,300 ℃ and 1,500 ℃, respectively, and conventional LSCHG power plant is assumed to have an efficiency of about 35% or less for pressures of 2.5-6.5 MPa, the proposed hybrid plant achieved 42.8%-44.7% at 1,300 ℃ and 47.8%-49.2% at 1,500 ℃. In the proposed plant, even supposing that the generating efficiency of the LNG system in the proposed plant remains equal to that of the reference plant, the efficiency of LSCHG system can be estimated 37.4% for 6.5 MPa and 33.2% for 2.5 MPa, even though the LSHCG system may be regarded as consisting of fewer plant facilities than a conventional LSCHG power plant.

大规模直驱风电场经柔直送出系统交直流线路故障特征分析

针对具有故障穿越策略的永磁风电场经多端柔性直流(Voltage Source Converter Based Multi-terminal Direct Current,VSC⁃MTDC)输电系统外送的交直流混联系统,分析故障穿越控制目标下受端交流电网故障和考虑输电线路频变特性的直流系统输电线路故障发生后的故障特征,以及大时间尺度下,直流系统对交流故障的响应。研究结果表明:基于实时数字仿真(Real Time Digital Simulation,RTDS)搭建的交直流混联系统模型在有效控制故障发展的前提下,不同故障条件、控制策略下具有相对应的故障特征,如:交流并网线路故障时,负序电流将被抑制,换流站仅向故障点提供有限的正序电流,且优先输出无功功率,直流线路累积不平衡功率出现直流过电压现象,计及直流电压波动引起受端换流站的dq轴电流发生变化,造成交流线路故障电流短时间内增大约20%。直流线路发生单极接地故障时,故障极电压以最大700 kV/ms的速率迅速下降到0,非故障极电压上升为原来的两倍,且故障电流会随着接地电阻的增大而减小;当发生双极故障时,故障电流能够在数毫秒内达到额定电流的几十倍,最大速率可达8.25 kA/ms,严重威胁电力电子器件的安全,并且电压迅速降至0,此时通过混合直流断路器快速动作,在故障电流上升至额定电流2倍前切除故障线路,使系统满足N-1运行原则。仿真结果与理论分析结论相符。

区块链下虚拟电厂混合储能容量优化配置及收益分配

为促进新能源消纳,实现虚拟电厂的价值最大化,以风电商、光伏商和储能商为收益主体构建虚拟电厂参与电力交易。首先,构建区块链下的包含蓄电池和超级电容的风、光、储虚拟电厂结构;其次,基于区块链中共享的发电数据、用能数据和运行数据等参数,提出混合储能充放电策略和以混合储能成本最低为目标的容量优化配置方法,并采用粒子群算法求解;再次,以区块链应用程度、风险偏好、合作意愿及参与程度为因素改进Shapley值法,建立收益修正模型,并分析区块链下基于智能合约的收益分配过程;最后,通过算例仿真及结果分析,验证所建模型及方法的可行性与适用性。

Feasibility Study for Self-Sustained Wastewater Treatment Plants—Using Biogas CHP Fuel Cell, Micro-Turbine, PV and Wind Turbine Systems

This paper studies the application of renewable energy sources in wastewater treatment plants to achieve self-sustain- ability of power. The data of wastewater treatment plant in the rural city of Toukh-EGYPT are presented as a case-study. The primary objective is to provide an entirely renewable standalone power system, which satisfies lowest possible emissions with the minimum lifecycle cost. Mass balance principle is applied on the biodegradable components in the wastewater to evaluate the volume of digester gas that is produced from sludge through anaerobic digestion process. Using digester gas as a fuel lead to study combined-heat-and-power technologies, where fuel cell is selected in order to abide by the low emissions constraint. The study assessed the electrical power obtained from fuel cell and the utilization of the exhausted heat energy for additional electrical power production using a micro-turbine. After covering the major part of load demand, the use of other renewable energy sources was studied. The strength of both solar and wind energy was determined by the case-study location. Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software was used to simulate the hybrid system composed of combined-heat-and-power units, wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. Simulation results gave the best system configuration and optimum size of each component beside the detailed electrical and cost analysis of the model.

融合改造的混合式抽水蓄能与风电联合运行短期调度模型

依托规模庞大的常规水电增建混合式抽水蓄能是加快抽蓄发展的重要途径。相比传统抽蓄电站,融合改造的混合式抽水蓄能电站具有水力联系更紧密、抽-发工况转换更复杂、“量调并重”角色更鲜明等显著特点,为探索其运行模式,本文提出一种融合改造的混合式抽水蓄能与风电联合运行短期调度模型。该模型以联合体整体收益最大为目标,以机组为最小调度单元,针对常规机组和抽蓄机组的差异化运行特性分别精细化建模,并引入状态变量实现运行状态的解耦与关联切换。在模型求解方面,通过线性化方法及建模技巧将原模型转换为混合整数线性规划(Mixed Integer Linear Programming,MILP)模型,最后在JAVA环境中采用CPLEX工具进行求解。以西南某流域电站为参考构建的应用示例验证了本文模型和求解方法的有效性,可为推进常规水电站的融合改造提供借鉴。

基于混合云架构的电厂运行数据并行迁移系统

传统的电厂运行数据并行迁移系统存在数据迁移速率低的问题,导致系统延迟较高,因此设计了基于混合云架构的电厂运行数据并行迁移系统。在硬件方面,设计了电路模块、单片机模块、传感器模块与处理模块,单片机采用ADN7632,以光敏传感器、红外传感器、霍尔传感器组合成传感器模块,利用STN5349完成相关信息处理。同时引入混合云架构设计系统软件,通过原始运行数据转换与迁移、数据同步、并行迁移完成软件设计。实验结果表明,该系统的数据迁移速率更高,系统延迟符合电厂的实际要求,具有更高的应用价值。

核电厂隔震结构附加侧向阻尼系统分析模型及减震效果

提出对半埋置/全埋置小堆三维隔震结构附加侧向黏滞阻尼的混合控制系统,达到同时控制水平加速度、水平位移以及摇摆反应且不影响竖向隔震效果的目的。基于隔震层及侧向阻尼系统变形分析,建立考虑隔震层平动及摇摆的耦合效应和侧向阻尼器协调转动变形的刚体动力学模型。基于RG1.60谱选取30条地震输入信号开展参数分析,探究阻尼布置参数、附加阻尼力参数及阻尼滞回形状参数对减震效应的影响。研究发现合理的附加阻尼力与隔震层出力比值区间为10%~20%,最优参数下水平加速度位移可同时分别减小20%,40%,最大摇摆反应减小70%。选取合理阻尼参数对某真实核电厂模型进行案例分析,摇摆角、加速度、隔震层位移等地震响应指标均减小,边支座受拉现象消失,案例数值模拟结果与参数分析规律一致,也与理论分析吻合。

电力市场环境下风电-光热-生物质混合电站鲁棒优化调度模型

以风电场、光热电站、生物质锅炉等组成混合电站并参与到电力市场中,能有效提高整体的运营收益。为解决混合电站参与电力市场运行问题,从混合电站的结构及运行机理出发,提出了电力市场下风电-光热-生物质混合电站鲁棒优化调度模型。该模型以最大化运行利润为目标函数,考虑了混合电站参与电力市场所获收益、并网运行环境效益、弃风弃光惩罚成本、各组成部分运行维护成本、系统运行约束等因素。针对混合电站运行面临的不确定性和由此带来的风险问题,采用鲁棒优化方法处理风电功率、光热功率、负荷及电力市场价格的不确定性,并建立风险量化指标,平衡系统的鲁棒性与经济性,为混合电站运营商提供决策依据。算例分析验证了所提模型和方法的有效性。

电传动装甲车辆混合动力总成的联合仿真

混合动力的建模仿真技术是混合动力系统设计过程中的一项关键技术。针对现在一些混合动力系统仿真软件在模型建立、仿真精度等方面存在的一些问题,使用Simulink和Simplorer两种商业软件搭建混合动力动力总成系统的仿真模型,实现了多学科领域之间的联合仿真。在此基础上对混合动力动力总成系统模型进行了初步仿真试验,证明所搭建的模型能够较好地反映出电传动动力总成系统的动态响应特性。

燃料电池-燃气轮机混合发电装置研究现状

燃料电池作为未来最具发展前景的发电系统已受到越来越多的关注,高温燃料电池的排气温度和燃气轮机涡轮进口温度具有相容性,因此它具有和燃气轮机组成混合发电装置的天然优势,这一新技术必将成为新世纪能源领域的重要分支。对燃料电池-燃气轮机混合发电装置的工作原理、研究现状等进行了综述,从而为我国对该技术的研究提供了参考。

风电与燃气轮机发电互补系统结构与容量配比的研究

对在我国新疆地区采用风力发电与燃气轮机发电组成的互补发电系统的结构和在一定风能资源条件下两种发电系统的容量配比进行了研究。论文首先针对实测的新疆达坂城风电场的风速数据,采用整体风电场功率输出模型,得到了风电场的输出与分布。根据实际的风电场输出负荷,设计了互补中燃气轮机的几种方案。针对燃气轮机的部分负荷运行特点,设计了不同方案的互补运行规则。最后根据不同运行规则,计算了互补系统的整体特性,得到了在一定条件下风电与燃气轮机发电较合适的容量配比。

塔式太阳能与燃煤互补复合发电系统技术经济性分析

提出塔式太阳能与燃煤机组复合发电系统的优化集成方案,建立复合发电系统技术经济性评价的分析计算模型,以330 MW机组为例,对3种集成方案的技术经济性进行模拟计算。结果表明,塔式太阳能与燃煤机组复合发电系统的热功转换效率高于纯塔式太阳能低于燃煤机组,通过单方案判断、多方案比选和财务盈利能力的分析得出,塔式太阳能产生的蒸汽引入燃煤机组主蒸汽是较理想的选择,其热功转换效率约为42.8%,太阳能净发电成本为2.68$/k Wh。