Design and Implementation of Hybrid Light and Microwave Switches Based on Wavelength Selective Switch for Future Satellite Networks

A hybrid switching node structure with light and microwave links is proposed, which is applicable to the future data relay satellite systems, aiming at the development trend of coexistence of light- link and microwave-link in the future. An experimental system for the light and microwave hybrid switching node based on wavelength selective optical switches (WSS) and optical transceiver modules, is established. It is shown by our experiment that this hybrid switching node can realize the dynamic bandwidth allocation and wavelength routing while the bit error rate of light link is less than 10?12, which provides a method for solving the hybrid switching problem of light-link and microwave-link on the future data relay satellite systems.

Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor with Permanent Magnet Placed at Middle of Field Coil Slots and High Filling Factor Windings

Design and experimental studies on a hybrid excitation flux switching motor as a traction motor for hybrid electric vehicles drive are presented.A stator body of the motor consists of not only laminated silicon-iron electromagnetic steel and three-phase armature windings,but also both of field excitation coils and permanent magnets working together as a variable field magnetomotive force source.On the other hand,a rotor is composed of just laminated silicon-iron electromagnetic steel with salient poles like switched reluctance motor.To bring out the best in drive performances of the hybrid excitation flux switching motor as a variable flux motor for the application,each material adopted for the stator and rotor body should be designed properly in terms of motor efficiency,maximum torque and power densities and so forth.As some of them,in this paper,thinner silicon-iron electromagnetic steel sheet and permanent magnets with high remanent and low amount of Dysprosium used are applied for achieving higher motor efficiency.Moreover,all coils wound flatwise and edgewise using rectangular wires are introduced to realizing high filling factor for reduced copper losses.Experimental tests using a 60kW prototype of the motor demonstrates the designed motor has good motor efficiency under frequent operating points expected for the target vehicle drive.

Transmission Mechanism Based on Burst Filling in Hybrid Optical Burst/Circuit Switching Networks

Hybrid optical switching networks make full use of the advantages of Optical Circuit Switching(OCS)and Optical Burst Switching(OBS).In parallel hybrid optical switching networks,edge nodes choose a switching mode for traffic and no longer change.The inflexible decision making of the traffic transfer mode leads to low resource utilization when the arrival rate of the OCS traffic is lower than the capacity of the light path.In this paper,a new transmission scheme is proposed to improve resource utilization for hybrid optical switching networks.When the traffic arrival rate of the light path is lower than the transmission rate of the light path,the OCS traffic flow is reshaped at the edge nodes to generate a series of voids.Then,several message packets are sent along the light path to inform the core nodes of the voids of the light paths that represent the unused bandwidth resources.To improve the resource utilization,the voids can be filled with data bursts by core nodes.The simulation results show that the new scheme can effectively reduce the burst loss rate and improve the link utilization of the hybrid optical switching network on the premise of a providing service quality guarantee for OCS traffic.

Development of High Torque and High Power Density Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor for Traction Drive in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper presents design feasibility study and development of a new hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) as a contender for traction drives in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Initially, the motor general construction, the basic working principle and the design concept of the proposed HEFSM are outlined. Then, the initial drive performances of the proposed HEFSM are evaluated based on 2D-FEA, in which the design restrictions, specifications and target performances are similar with conventional interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) used in HEV. Since the initial results fail to achieve the target performances, deterministic design optimization approach is used to treat several design parameters. After several cycles of optimization, the proposed motor makes it possible to obtain the target torque and power of 333 Nm and 123 kW, respectively. In addition, due to definite advantage of robust rotor structure of HEFSM, rotor mechanical stress prediction at maximum speed of 12,400 r/min is much lower than the mechanical stress in conventional IPMSM. Finally, the maximum torque and power density of the final design HEFSM are approximately 11.41 Nm/kg and 5.55 kW/kg, respectively, which is 19.98% and 58.12% more than the torque and power density in existing IPMSM for Lexus RX400h.

Hybrid-triggered consensus for multi-agent systems with time-delays,uncertain switching topologies, and stochastic cyber-attacks

We propose a new approach to discuss the consensus problem of multi-agent systems with time-varying delayed control inputs, switching topologies, and stochastic cyber-attacks under hybrid-triggered mechanism.A Bernoulli variable is used to describe the hybrid-triggered scheme, which is introduced to alleviate the burden of the network.The mathematical model of the closed-loop control system is established by taking the influences of time-varying delayed control inputs,switching topologies, and stochastic cyber-attacks into account under the hybrid-triggered scheme.A theorem as the main result is given to make the system consistent based on the theory of Lyapunov stability and linear matrix inequality.Markov jumps with uncertain rates of transitions are applied to describe the switch of topologies.Finally, a simulation example demonstrates the feasibility of the theory in this paper.

汽车四轮转向动力系统的Hybrid控制研究

应用混和控制(Hybrid Control)中的切换系统(Switched System)的方法,分别对汽车四轮转向系统的高速态与低速态两个子系统以及由高速态向低速态变化的切换系统进行了最优控制设计.仿真结果表明,Hybrid 控制实现了四轮转向系统(4WS)的低速灵活性与高速稳定性,具有良好的控制效果.

华为交换机端口Hybrid模式的应用

文章介绍了华为交换机端口的Access,Trunk和Hybrid3种模式,探讨了用Hybrid模式实现Access和Trunk功能的途径,并结合网络环境的典型应用,利用Hybrid模式解决一些复杂的网络问题,对实际工作有较大的借鉴作用。

二层交换机Hybrid端口模式的应用

本文通过对二层交换机各种端口模式的介绍,以实例讨论了利用其中Hybrid(混合)模式实现各端口之间隔离与互访的功能。

CONTROLLABILITY OF A CLASS OF HYBRID DYNAMIC SYSTEMS (Ⅱ)—SINGLE TIME_DELAY CASE

The controllability for switched linear systems with time_delay in controls is first investigated. The whole work contains three parts. This is the second part. The definition and determination of controllability of switched linear systems with single time_delay in control functions is mainly investigated. The sufficient and necessary conditions for the one_periodic, multiple_periodic controllability of periodic_type systems and controllability of periodic systems are presented, respectively.

CONTROLLABILITY OF A CLASS OF HYBRID DYNAMIC SYSTEMS (Ⅲ)—MULTIPLE TIME_DELAY CASE

The controllability for switched linear systems with time_delay in controls is first investigated. The whole work contains three parts. This is the third part. The definition and determination of controllability of switched linear systems with multiple time_delay in control functions is mainly investigated. The sufficient and necessary conditions for the one_periodic, multiple_periodic controllability of periodic_type systems and controllability of aperiodic systems are presented,respectively. Finally, the case of distinct delays is discussed, it is shown that the controllability is independent of the size of delays.

Estimating the clutch transmitting torque during HEV mode-switch based on the Kalman filter

A power train dynamics model of a coaxial parallel hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） was built for different clutch operating states. With the state vector constituted by the motor rotation speed and the clutch transmitting torque at two successive time steps, a discrete state space model for estimating the clutch transmitting torque was built, and the Kalman filtering algorithm was used to estimate the clutch transmitting torque. The Matlab/Simulink was employed to simulate the clutch transmitting torque for two mode-switch processes. Estimation errors were analyzed through compa- ring the estimated and simulated values of the clutch torque. Impact of the noise covariance and the sample time on clutch torque estimation errors were explored. The results show that the developed estimation method can be used to estimate the clutch transmitting torque for HEV with good accura- cy. The results are useful for torque direct control of automatic diaphragm clutches.

A Hybrid Method for Nonlinear Least Squares Problems

A negative curvature method is applied to nonlinear least squares problems with indefinite Hessian approximation matrices. With the special structure of the method, a new switch is proposed to form a hybrid method. Numerical experiments show that this method is feasible and effective for zero-residual, small-residual and large-residual problems.

Static Simulation of a 12/8 Switched Reluctance Machine (Application: Starter-Generator)

Because its high efficiency, its simple stator and rotor structures, the low cost and high reliability, speed operation combined with robust and low cost construction, the switched reluctance machines have represented. In recent years, an interesting alternative to other machine types has been chosen for traction applications especially starter-generator. Their rotors do not generate significant heat, resulting in easy cooling. Their unidirectional flux and current may generate lower core losses and require a simple converter design. Moreover, the switched reluctance machines are known for their high reliability and capability of operating in four quadrants for a variable speed drive. Despite those merits, switched reluctance machine has not been extensively used until recently because of its problems of torque ripples and noise. Additionally, researchers have faced many difficulties to build a SRM model because it is inherently multivariable. It has strong coupling and especially a high nonlinearity. In this paper, we deal with many modeling methods. Numerical, analytical and intelligent approaches are studied. The important aim in this research is to use static results from FEMM simulation as flux-linkage, co-energy, static torque to form a dynamic model of a switched reluctance machine used next as a starter-generator of a hybrid vehicle.

CONTROLLABILITY OF A CLASS OF HYBRID DYNAMIC SYSTEMS (Ⅰ)—BASIC PROPERTIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

The controllability for switched linear system with time_delay in controls was first investigated. The whole work contains three parts. This is the first part, including problem formulation and some preliminaries. Firstly, the mathematical model of switched linear systems with time_delay in control functions was presented. Secondly, the concept of column space, cyclic invariant subspace and generalized cyclic invariant subspace were introduced. And some basic properties, such as separation lemma, were presented. Finally, a basic lemma was given to reveal the relation between the solution set of a centain integral equations and the generalized cyclic invariant subspace. This lemma will play an important role in the determination of controllability. All these definitions and lemmas are necessary research tools for controllability analysis.

基于数据物理混合驱动的超短期风电功率预测模型

为提升超短期风电功率预测精度,提出一种数据-物理混合驱动的超短期风电功率预测方法。首先,构建一种融合双向门控循环单元的残差网络结构,将其在测试集的预测结果作为预测模板。然后,根据风速-风电转换特性,基于多项式-线性回归模型拟合风电场风速-功率曲线,在风速高波动时点,以物理机理透明的风速-功率曲线进行预测。最后,根据风速波动阈值建立不同模型之间的动态切换机制,按切换的时点修改模板预测值,对于修正风速小于切入风速的时点,将预测值置零。在吉林省某装机容量为400.5 MW的风电场提供的数据上进行仿真实验得到,测试集第16步预测的平均归一化均方根误差为0.1589,全部切换中有利切换占比达到90.86%,验证了提出的超短期风电功率预测模型的有效性和适用性。

Nonlinear and Rate-Dependent Hysteretic Responses of Active Hybrid Composites

Nonlinear electro-mechanical behaviors of piezoelectric materials and viscoelastic nature of polymers result in the overall nonlinear and hysteretic responses of active polymeric composites. This study presents a hybrid-unit-cell model for obtaining the effective nonlinear and rate-dependent hysteretic electro-mechanical responses of hybrid piezocomposites. The studied hybrid piezocomposites consist of unidirectional piezoelectric fibers embedded in a polymeric matrix, which is reinforced with piezoelectric particles. The hybrid-unit-cell model is derived based on a unit-cell model of fiber-reinforced composites consisting of fiber and matrix subcells, in which the matrix subcells are comprised of a unit-cell model of particle-reinforced composites. Nonlinear electro-mechanical responses are considered for the piezoelectric constituents while a viscoelastic solid constitutive model is used for the polymer constituent. The hybrid-unit cell model is used to examine the effects of different responses of the constituents, microstructural arrangements, and loading histories on the overall nonlinear and hysteretic electro-mechanical responses of the hybrid piezocomposites, which are useful in designing active polymeric composites.

基于热网络分区等效策略的Si/SiC混合器件耦合热参数辨识方法

由硅(Si)绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)与碳化硅(SiC)金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)并联构成的混合器件可打破单一Si基器件和SiC基器件的局限性,实现损耗和成本间的有效均衡。结温估计对于Si/SiC混合器件的可靠运行至关重要,然而,目前针对热监测的研究往往需满足热稳态平衡和功率损耗可测两大条件,在实际变流器中实用性较低。基于此,该文以零输入响应法为切入点,首先,对Si/SiC混合器件热结构特性进行分析,详细阐述零输入响应法直接应用于混合器件时所带来的高阶热约束条件难以表征的问题;其次,通过对SiIGBT与SiC MOSFET进行热网络分区处理实现模型的降阶,构建出壳温降温曲线时间常数与热参数之间的约束关系,提出了基于热网络分区等效思想的混合器件耦合热参数辨识方法,所提方法简化了功率损耗测量步骤与热平衡态条件,在并联器件耦合热参数辨识研究中具有简单、通用、流程化高的应用优势;最后,通过实验验证了该文所提方法的准确性和有效性。

Deployment of the Content-Based Switching Network

In this paper, we propose a hybrid network architecture, called Content-based Switching Network (CSN), and its signaling scheme, which addresses the issues inherent to conventional hybrid networks which implement a horizontal separation over the entire network (from edge to edge). We will show how CSN nodes can flexibly choose their switching paradigm (store-and-forward, optical bypass, electrical bypass) during a path establishment. Contents being transferred in one piece from end-to-end, the concept of packet can be eluded in our network, and, in particular, the user is able to avoid complicated transport layer functions, like TCP, if they are not essential. In CSN, very large contents have a special status, since they cannot be store-and-forwarded. We will show how the resource management has been designed in order to deal with such contents. A section is dedicated to deployment and feasibility issues. Simulation results will show that CSN can successfully transfer contents at 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps, the maximum speed being limited by the state-of-the-art device technologies when buffering is required (memory speed), while no major limit is observed in the case of all-optical transfers other than the optical fiber speed. Other results concern the deployment of CSN from an unclean slate approach. They will show how beneficial can be the deployment of CSN from an Optical Circuit Switching network.

基于混合模型的道岔综合监测系统研究

道岔作为关键的铁路信号设备,也是铁路线路三大薄弱环节之一,其工作质量直接影响列车的运行安全。传统的道岔检测方法过分依赖人工经验,检测效率低下,难以应对现有铁路运行中行车速度快、发车密度高等对道岔维护所带来的严峻挑战,并且现有道岔监测也存在监测项目不全面等问题。为满足工电融合需要,开发了一套基于混合模型的道岔综合监测系统,使用卷积神经网络自动进行特征提取,以获取道岔状态,充分发挥深度学习的自动特征提取优势;采用支持向量机和向量域的混合算法,对正常/故障数据进行分类和异常检测,从而提高故障检测的准确率。测试结果表明:与现有人工巡检方法相比,该系统能够为相关人员提供精准、实时的道岔故障预警,提高维护效率,有效减少人力成本且降低道岔病害的发生概率。

考虑驱动电压与开关时序协同调控的Si/SiC混合器件开关策略

硅基(Si)绝缘栅双极晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)和碳化硅基(SiC)金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor,MOSFET)并联组成的Si/SiC混合器件,已被证实具有SiC MOSFET的高开关频率、低开关损耗特性和Si IGBT的大载流能力、低成本的优势。然而,目前Si/SiC混合器件性能提升的研究并未兼顾效率和可靠性,且存在调控手段单一的劣势。基于此,该文详细分析不同负载电流下驱动电压、开关时序等调控参数对Si/SiC混合器件损耗和电应力的影响,提出一种考虑驱动电压与开关时序协同调控的Si/SiC混合器件开关策略。所提开关策略通过不同电流区间采用驱动电压与开关时序相配合的方式,在保障Si/SiC混合器件可靠性的前提下,提高其运行效率。该文搭建双脉冲测试实验平台与稳态参数测量实验平台对所提开关策略进行验证。实验结果表明,相较于传统开关策略,Si/SiC混合器件采用本文所提开关策略在开通损耗、关断损耗以及导通损耗方面分别减少13%、21%和32%。