Study on Sealing Characteristics of Sliding Seal Assembly of Aircraft Hydraulic Actuator

The hydraulic actuator,known as the"muscle"of military aircraft,is responsible for flight attitude adjustment,trajectory control,braking turn,landing gear retracting and other actions,which directly affect its flight efficiency and safety.However,the sealing assembly often has the situation of over-aberrant aperture fit clearance or critical over-aberrant clearance,which increases the failure probability and degree of movable seal failure,and directly affects the flight efficiency and safety of military aircraft.In this paper,the simulation model of hydraulic actuator seal combination is established by ANSYS software,and the sealing principle is described.The change curve of contact width and contact pressure of combination seal under the action of high-pressure fluid is drawn.The effects of different oil pressure,fit clearance and other parameters on the sealing performance are analyzed.Finally,the accelerated life test of sliding seal components is carried out on the hydraulic actuator accelerated life test rig,and the surface morphology is compared and analyzed.The research shows that the O-ring is the main sealing element and the role of the check ring is to protect and support the O-ring to prevent damage caused by squeezing into the fit clearance,so the check ring bears a large load and is prone to shear failure.Excessive fit clearance is the main factor affecting the damage of the check ring,and the damage parts are mainly concentrated at the edge of the sealing surface.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the design of hydraulic actuator and the improvement of sealing performance.

Output feedback control and parameters influence analysis of active suspension electro-hydraulic servo actuator

The hydraulic servo actuator of heavy vehicle active suspension is investigated to clarify the correlation between system parameters and the control characteristics of active suspension hydraulic servo system.Accordingly, a nonlinear physical model of electro-hydraulic servo active suspension system is built.Compared with the conventional nonlinear modeling, the model in this study considers the asymmetry of working areas caused by single rod hydraulic cylinder in the suspension system.In accordance with the model, a nonlinear output feedback controller based on backstepping is designed, and the effectiveness of the controller is proved based on the experimental platform.The dynamic response curve of the electro-hydraulic servo control system under the change of parameters is generated based on the simulation model.The sensitivity of electro-hydraulic servo control performance to the change of system physical parameters is investigated, and two evaluation indexes are proposed to quantify and compare the effect of all physical parameter changes on position control system.As revealed by the results, the position control characteristics of suspension actuator are more sensitive to the changes of flow gain of the servo valve, system supply oil pressure and effective working areas of cylinder, and the two evaluation indexes are over 10 times higher than other physical parameters.

Theoretical Investigation of the Viscous Damping Coefficient of Hydraulic Actuators

The viscous damping coefficient （VDC） of hydraulic actuators is crucial for system modeling, control and dynamic characteristic analysis. Currently, the resear- ches on hydraulic actuators focus on behavior assessment, promotion of control performance and efficiency. However, the estimation of the VDC is difficult due to a lack of study. Firstly, using two types of hydraulic cylinders, behaviors of the VDC are experimentally examined with velocities and pressure variations. For the tested plunger type hydraulic cylinder, the exponential model B = αν-β （α 〉 0, β 〉 0） or B = α1e-β1ν＋α2e-β2ν（α1, α2 〉 0, β1,β2 〉 0）, fits the relation between the VDC and velocities for a given pressure of chamber with high precision. The magnitude of the VDC decreases almost linearly under certain velocities when increasing the chamber pressure from 0.6 MPa to 6.0 MPa. Furthermore, the effects of the chamber pressures on the VDC of piston and plunge type hydraulic cylinders are different due to different sealing types. In order to investi- gate the VDC of a plunger type hydraulic actuator drasti- cally, a steady-state numerical model has been developed to describe the mechanism incorporating tandem seal lubrica- tion, back-up ring related friction behaviors and shear stress of fluid. It is shown that the simulated results of VDC agreewith the measured results with a good accuracy. The pro- posed method provides an instruction to predict the VDC in system modeling and analysis.

Modeling and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Valve‑Controlled Helical Hydraulic Rotary Actuator System

As a type of hydraulic rotary actuator,a helical hydraulic rotary actuator exhibits a large angle,high torque,and compact structure;hence,it has been widely used in various fields.However,its core technology is proprietary to several companies and thus has not been disclosed.Furthermore,the relevant reports are primarily limited to the component level.The dynamic characteristics of the output when a helical rotary actuator is applied to a closed-loop system are investigated from the perspective of driving system design.Two main aspects are considered:one is to establish a reliable mathematical model and the other is to consider the effect of system parameter perturbation on the output.In this study,a detailed mechanical analysis of a helical rotary hydraulic cylinder is first performed,factors such as friction and load are considered,and an accurate dynamic model of the actuator is established.Subsequently,considering the nonlinear characteristics of pressure flow and the dynamic characteristics of the valve,a dynamic model of a valve-controlled helical rotary actuator angle closed-loop system is described based on sixth-order nonlinear state equations,which has never been reported previously.After deriving the system model,a sensitivity analysis of 23 main parameters in the model with a perturbation of 10%is performed under nine operating conditions.Finally,the system dynamics model and sensitivity analysis results are verified via a prototype experiment and co-simulation,which demonstrate the reliability of the theoretical results obtained in this study.The results provide an accurate mathematical model and analysis basis for the structural optimization or control compensation of similar systems.

Disturbance observer based position tracking of electro-hydraulic actuator

A nonlinear controller based on an extended second-order disturbance observer is presented to track desired position for an electro-hydraulic single-rod actuator in the presence of both external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. The proposed extended second-order disturbance observer deals with not only the external perturbations, but also parameter uncertainties which are commonly regarded as lumped disturbances in previous researches. Besides, the outer position tracking loop is designed with cylinder load pressure as output; and the inner pressure control loop provides the hydraulic actuator the characteristic of a force generator. The stability of the closed-loop system is provided based on Lyapunov theory. The performance of the controller is verified through simulations and experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed nonlinear position tracking controller, together with the extended second-order disturbance observer, gives an excellent tracking performance in the presence of parameter uncertainties and external disturbance.

A New Type of Automotive Braking Actuator for Decentralized Electro-hydraulic Braking System

This paper presents a new type of automotive braking actuator for a kind of brake-by-wire system called decentralized electro-hydraulic braking system( DEHB) to replace the traditional automobile braking system. The actuator of this system is driven by an electrical motor instead of the conventional vacuum booster to make the brake pressure be linearity controlled quickly. Therefore,the system has the advantages of quick response speed,good control performance and simple structure. Firstly,an overview of the actuator and the whole DEHB system is shown. Secondly,the possibility of this new kind of actuator working for the system is ensured based on some braking theories. Thirdly,the appropriate dynamic simulations are done to get some results to show the relations of different parameters and the effect of braking. Eventually,the proper parameters are determined to build a test bench which shows that DEHB system can achieve the maximum pressure of 13 MPa within 100 ms after parametric optimization,and meanwhile,the actuator is able to reduce pressure quickly after maintaining high pressure. All of the bench test results can meet with the design requirements and real demand of vehicle and this actuator may improve vehicle braking effect in the future. Besides,this actuator can be widely applied to the regenerative braking system because of its linear braking performance.

One Novel Hydraulic Actuating System for the Lower-Body Exoskeleton

The hydraulic exoskeleton is one research hotspot in the field of robotics,which can take heavy load due to the high power density of the hydraulic system.However,the traditional hydraulic system is normally centralized,inefficient,and bulky during application,which limits its development in the exoskeleton.For improving the robot's performance,its hydraulic actuating system should be optimized further.In this paper a novel hydraulic actuating system(HAS)based on electric-hydrostatic actuator is proposed,which is applied to hip and knee joints.Each HAS integrates an electric servo motor,a high-speed micro pump,a specific tank,and other components into a module.The specific parameters are obtained through relevant simulation according to human motion data and load requirements.The dynamic models of the HAS are built,and validated by the system identification.Experiments of trajectory tracking and human-exoskeleton interaction are carried out,which demonstrate the proposed HAS has the ability to be applied to the exoskeleton.Compared with the previous prototype,the total weight of the HAS in the robot is reduced by about 40%,and the power density is increased by almost 1.6 times.

Design and Optimization of Actuator for HT-25 Multifunctional Loader

To break down the development interaction of the working gadget of the multi-practical wheel loader and to compute the heap of each part, the Denavit-Hartenberg strategy was applied to build up the kinematics of the instrument model. Also, all the while, set up the elements model of dynamic framework. A multi-body element programming MSC, ADAMS and its active module were applied to assemble component power through a pressure framework reenactment model. An entirety working cycle interaction of the functioning gadget of the wheel loader was mimicked, and the investigation results thoroughly show the development interaction of the functional device and the stacked state of each part, and check the mechanical properties of the working gadget and dynamic execution water-driven framework effectively.

Design and identification of a double-acting piezoelectric-hydraulic hybrid actuator

Traditional single-acting piezoelectric-hydraulic hybrid actuators usually have the problem of inertial force caused by flow pulsation of the liquid,which degrades their output performance.To suppress or solve the associated inertial force and enhance its output capabilities,this paper proposes a new type of double-acting piezoelectric-hydraulic hybrid actuator with four check valves acting as mechanical diodes.The new hybrid actuator was fabricated and its output performance was tested.When the voltage is 700 Vp-pand the bias pressure is 2 MPa,the pulsation ratesδof the new actuator at 400 Hz,500 Hz and 600 Hz are 2.29,2.08 and 1.78,respectively,whileδof the single-acting hybrid actuator under the same conditions are 10.98,11.05 and 17.12.Therefore,the liquid pulsation rate of the new hybrid actuator is significantly reduced,which is beneficial for improving the flow uniformity and weakening the influence of inertial force on the hybrid actuator.This strategy ultimately leads to a maximum no-load velocity of 168.1 mm/s at 600 Hz and a maximum blocking force of 141 N at 450 Hz for the new hybrid actuator.In addition,this strategy has the potential to be used in other electrohydrostatic actuators to improve their performance.

Research of Maintenance Task Interval Optimization of Elevator Hydraulic Actuation System

In order to solve the best maintenance interval problem of the elevator hydraulic actuation systems on civil aircraft, a method based on reliability and cost minimum is introduced in this paper. The estimation of system reliability is presented by using two-parameter Weibull distributions. The parameters are estimated by using Weibull probability statistical analysis and the practical operational data. Then, the maintenance optimization model isformulated where the objective function is to minimize the expected schedule maintenance cost in a time unit. The results of numerical example show that the proposed model could scheme the optimal maintenance intervals for the considered system when the parameters are given. This research has certain significance in theoryand engineering practice.

基于SimHydraulics的风力机液压变桨执行机构建模与稳定性分析

该文在前期液压变桨执行机构系统设计的研究基础上,利用Matlab/Simulink中SimHydraulics建立了完整的风力机液压变桨执行机构物理仿真模型,同时给出了传递函数数学建模结果,并对两种建模方法得到的液压变桨执行机构模型的稳定性作了比较分析,最后通过SimHydraulics所建液压变桨执行机构模型与风力机整机模型联合仿真,完成了风力机的变桨功率控制仿真实验。仿真结果表明,相比传递函数、状态方程、功率键合图等数学建模方法,SimHydraulics物理建模方法所建模型精确性更高,基于该模型的风力机功率控制、稳定性、可靠性等相关分析研究的准确性和可靠性也较高。

基于SimHydraulics的某飞机起落架液压系统建模与故障仿真

采用SimHydraulics软件构建某飞机起落架液压系统工作仿真模型。通过设置模型中液压部件的参数,分析不同参数的变化对作动筒活塞杆位移动态特性的影响。仿真结果表明:构建的模型能够较好的反映某飞机起落架液压系统的工作状况,通过故障仿真,飞行员可直观认识到不同的液压系统故障对起落架收放运动的影响程度,提高了飞行员对起落架液压系统故障的应急处理能力。机务人员也可通过故障仿真清楚地了解液压系统故障发生的机理,为故障的诊断和预防提供参考依据。

New Method to Improve Dynamic Stiffness of Electro-hydraulic Servo Systems

Most current researches working on improving stiffness focus on the application of control theories.But controller in closed-loop hydraulic control system takes effect only after the controlled position is deviated,so the control action is lagged.Thus dynamic performance against force disturbance and dynamic load stiffness can’t be improved evidently by advanced control algorithms.In this paper,the elementary principle of maintaining piston position unchanged under sudden external force load change by charging additional oil is analyzed.On this basis,the conception of raising dynamic stiffness of electro hydraulic position servo system by flow feedforward compensation is put forward.And a scheme using double servo valves to realize flow feedforward compensation is presented,in which another fast response servo valve is added to the regular electro hydraulic servo system and specially utilized to compensate the compressed oil volume caused by load impact in time.The two valves are arranged in parallel to control the cylinder jointly.Furthermore,the model of flow compensation is derived,by which the product of the amplitude and width of the valve’s pulse command signal can be calculated.And determination rules of the amplitude and width of pulse signal are concluded by analysis and simulations.Using the proposed scheme,simulations and experiments at different positions with different force changes are conducted.The simulation and experimental results show that the system dynamic performance against load force impact is largely improved with decreased maximal dynamic position deviation and shortened settling time.That is,system dynamic load stiffness is evidently raised.This paper proposes a new method which can effectively improve the dynamic stiffness of electro-hydraulic servo systems.

Modeling and controlling of a flexible hydraulic manipulator

A mathematical model was developed combining the dynamics of an Euler-Bernoulli beam, described by the assumed-mode method and hydraulic circuit dynamics. Only one matrix, termed drive Jacobian, was needed in the modeling of interaction between hydraulic circuit and flexible manipulator mechanism. Furthermore, a new robust controller based on mentioned above dynamic model was also considered to regulate both flexural vibrations and rigid body motion. The proposed controller combined sliding mode and backstepping techniques to deal with the nonlinear system with uncertainties. The sliding mode control was used to achieve an asymptotic joint angle and vibration regulation by providing a virtual force while the backstepping technique was used to regulate the spool position of a hydraulic valve to provide the required control force. Simulation results are presented to show the stabilizing effect and robustness of this control strategy.

Singular perturbation approach for control of hydraulically driven flexible manipulator

The hydraulic flexible manipulator system is divided into two parts: flexible arm dynamics and hydraulic servomechanism, a driving Jacobian is derived to connect these two parts. Taking hydraulic actuator force as virtual input, a singular perturbed composite model is formulated and used to design composite controllers for the flexible link, in which the slow subsystem controller dominates the trajectory tracking, and then a fast controller is designed to damp out the vibration of the flexible structure. Moreover, the backstepping technique is applied to regulate the spool position of a hydraulic valve to provide the required force. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

Research on bionic quadruped robot based on hydraulic driver

A prototype of hydraulically powered quadruped robot is presented.The aim of the research is to develop a versatile robot platform which could travel fleetly in outdoor terrain with long time of endurance and high load carrying ability.The current version is 1.1m long and 0.48 m wide,and weights about 150 kg.Each leg has four rotational joints driven by hydraulic cylinders and one passive translational joint with spring.The torso carries the control system and the power system.A novel control algorithm is developed based on a Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum model and the principle of joint function separation.The robot can not only cross a 150 mm high obstacle in static gait and trot at 2.5km/h and lkm/h on the level-ground and 10°sloped-terrain respectively,but also automatically keep balanced under lateral disturbance.In this paper,the mechanical structure and control systems are also discussed.Simulations and experiments are carried out to validate the design and algorithms.

高频响应悬臂梁单向阀动态特性研究

单向阀动态性能是影响磁致伸缩电液作动器中核心部件磁致伸缩泵输出性能的因素之一。已应用于磁致伸缩泵配流的悬臂梁单向阀在使用过程中出现随着启闭频率上升而响应性能下降问题,通过理论分析,提出了一种高频响应双瓣式悬臂梁单向阀,对已有和提出的单向阀进行动态响应分析。通过流固耦合在阀两端输入幅值为60 kPa的正弦压差,对比分析了已有和提出的两种单向阀的响应性。结果表明:随着输入压差信号频率的增加,已有单瓣式悬臂梁单向阀出现了响应滞后和阀口不能关闭的情况,阀口未关闭位移随频率的增大而增大,输入频率每增加100 Hz,阀口不闭合位移增加2.1%;双瓣式悬臂梁单向阀在相同结构参数下频率响应和阀口关闭情况都优于单瓣式单向阀,输入频率每增加100 Hz,阀口不闭合位移增加1%,减少了阀口回流,阀的高频响应优点可以适应磁致伸缩材料高频宽的特点。为高性能智能电液作动器的发展提供支持。

基于液压放大的压电微动平台设计与试验

针对传统微动平台难以满足微/纳米定位的要求,该文结合液压放大原理,提出一种基于液压放大的两自由度压电微动平台,并对其进行了结构设计。采用正交设计方法对其进行有限元双向流固耦合分析,优化了其结构参数。研制了实物样机并进行试验研究。开环控制试验结果表明,当压电驱动器输入为90μm时,压电微动平台最大输出位移为603.0μm,放大倍数约为6.7;闭环控制试验结果表明,采用分段微分、积分、比例(PID)算法能降低超调量,且响应时间、稳态时间均减小,稳态误差降低(为±0.2μm),实现了微动平台的大范围输出精密定位。

基于AMESim的电液执行系统流量匹配阀结构参数优化

以应用于某电力系统中电力开关精密控制的电液执行系统为研究对象,针对其工作特性不满足工程实际需求的问题,从其关键组成部件——流量匹配阀的结构参数研究入手,对电液执行系统的工作特性进行了理论分析、仿真分析以及试验测试。首先,对阀门内部结构和系统工作原理进行了分析;然后,建立了该电液执行系统的数学模型及仿真模型,经试验验证了该仿真模型的可行性与准确性;最后,探究了流量匹配阀的单因素结构参数对电液执行系统工作特性的影响规律,设计并进行了正交试验,得到了可选范围内的最优结构参数组合方案。研究结果表明:流量匹配阀的阀座钢球密封弹簧预紧力、阀座钢球密封弹簧刚度以及阀口初始遮盖量等结构参数对电液执行系统的工作特性都有重要影响,最优结构参数方案相较于原方案,系统的响应时间由133 ms缩短为42 ms,定位精度由0.261%提高至0.096%,可有效缩短系统响应时间,提高系统定位精度,满足工程实际需求。