Countermeasures for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Cope with Climate Change and Ecological Environment Safety

The monitoring,prediction and assessment of status about climate changes and ecological environment at home and abroad were discussed in this study,and the scientific significance and countermeasures for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to cope with these problems were also put forward.

Problems in Ecological Landscape and Traffic Safety of Urban Roads

This study mainly analyzed problems in ecological landscape and traffic safety of urban roads, and in view of these problems, proposed the design concepts, principles and focuses of urban road eco-landscape ensuring traffic safety.

Ecological Safety Evaluation of Land Use in Ji'an City Based on the Principal Component Analysis

According to the ecological safety evaluation index data of land-use change in Ji'an City from 1999 to 2008,positive treatment on selected reverse indices is conducted by Reciprocal Method.Meanwhile,Index Method is used to standardize the selected indices,and Principal Component Analysis is applied by using year as a unit.FB is obtained,which is related with the ecological safety of land-use change from 1999 to 2008.According to the scientific,integrative,hierarchical,practical and dynamic principles,ecological safety evaluation index system of land-use change in Ji'an City is established.Principal Component Analysis and evaluation model are used to calculate four parameters,including the natural resources safety index of land use,the socio-economic safety indicators of land use,the eco-environmental safety index of land use,and the ecological safety degree of land use in Ji'an City.Result indicates that the ecological safety degree of land use in Ji'an City shows a slow upward trend as a whole.At the same time,ecological safety degree of land-use change is relatively low in Ji'an City with the safety value of 0.645,which is at a weak safety zone and needs further monitoring and maintenance.

Succession of nine plateau lakes and regulation of ecological safety in Yunnan Province

The Nine plateau lakes are those lakes whose areas are larger than 30km2 in Yunnan province.These lakes are Dianchi Lake,Erhai Lake,Fuxian Lake,Chenghai Lake,Lugu Lake,Qilu Lake,Xingyun Lake,Yangzonghai Lake,and Yilong Lake.The nine plateau lakes are important for economic development and for ecological security.However,all lakes are facing different environmental issues such as eutrophication and water quality degradation.Different strategies should be proposed according to the various conditions of the lakes.Three types of prevention,control and treatment strategies were proposed based on the succession process,the ecology stages,the economic and social development,the eutrophication stages,the water qualities,and the dominant ecological functions.

Study on the Safety and Prevention Technology of Coal Mining under the River in Xingyuan Coal Mine

Coal mining-induced surface subsidence poses significant ecological and infrastructural challenges, necessitating a comprehensive study to ensure safe mining practices, particularly in underwater conditions. This project aims to address the extensive impact of coal mining on the environment, infrastructure, and overall safety, focusing on the Shigong River area above the working face. The study employs qualitative and quantitative analyses, along with on-site engineering measurements, to gather data on crucial parameters such as coal seam characteristics, roof rock lithology, thickness, water resistance, and structural damage degree. The research encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, involving mining, geology, hydrogeology, geophysical exploration, rock mechanics, mine surveying, and computational mathematics. The importance of effective safety measures and prevention techniques is emphasized, laying the foundation for research focused on the Xingyun coal mine. The brief concludes by highlighting the potential economic and social benefits of this project and its contribution to valuable experience for future subsea coal mining.

Agro-food Quality and Safety Based on Agro-ecological Compensation

Reflection of the rise of agro-food production costs is analyzed based on the introduction of the quality safety situation of agricultural products in China.Firstly,rise of production costs caused by the demarcation of prohibited areas;secondly,rise of production costs caused by using environment-friendly agricultural inputs;thirdly,rise of production costs caused by quality control;fourthly,rise of production costs caused by product identification.The ecological compensation mechanism which is beneficial to agro-food quality safety is set up according to the principle "the one who is benefited compensates".Firstly,laws and regulations of agricultural production compensation are to be actively perfected.Secondly,experience of developed countries can be borrowed to establish a fiscal transfer payment system of production compensation.Thirdly,ecological agriculture is to be developed to produce products with safety and excellent quality.Since agro-ecological compensation can make up for the costs paid for protecting agro-ecological environment and producing safe agro-products by agro-food producers and is beneficial to motivating producers' initiative,compensation is made for agricultural producers from compensation objects,compensation scope and compensation mechanism to improve the quality safety level of agricultural products.

Problems of ecological and technical safety by exploration and production of natural gas hydrates

Gas hydrates-the firm crystal connections formed water(water,ice,water vapor)and low-molecular waterproof natural gases(mainly methane)whose crystal structure effectively compresses gas:each cubic meter of hydrate can yield over 160 m3 of methane.In present time exploitation of the Messoyahsk(Russia)and Mallik(Canada)deposits of gas hydrates in is conducted actively.The further perfection of prospecting methods in the field of studying gas hydrates containing sediments in round extent depends on improvement of geophysical and well test research,among which native-state core drilling is one of the major.Sampling native-state core from gas hydrates sediments keeping not only original composition,but structural-textural features of their construction.Despite of appeal of use gas hydrates as the perspective and ecologically pure fuel possessing huge resources,investigation and development of their deposits can lead to a number of the negative consequences connected with arising hazards for maintenance of their technical and ecological safety of carrying out.Scales of arising problems can change from local up to regional and even global.

Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.

Studies on Marine Oil Spills and Their Ecological Damage

The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms, marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and offshore oil production equipment. It is concluded upon analysis that there are two main reasons for marine oil spills: (I) The motive for huge economic benefits of oil industry owners and oil shipping agents far surpasses their sense of ecological risks. (II) Marine ecological safety has not become the main concern of national security. Oil spills are disasters because humans spare no efforts to get economic benefits from oil. The present paper draws another conclusion that marine ecological damage caused by oil spills can be roughly divided into two categories: damage to marine resource value (direct value) and damage to marine ecosystem service value (indirect value). Marine oil spills cause damage to marine biological, fishery, seawater, tourism and mineral resources to various extents, which contributes to the lower quality and value of marine resources.

Functions of Mulberry in the Development of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Development Ideas

Ecological animal husbandry is an animal husbandry industry system integrating ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. Breeding cycle is one of the main patterns of ecological animal husbandry development, but breeding cycle does not form a relatively closed cycle of endogenous resources. In recent years, forage value and ecological value of mulberry have made some progresses in different research areas and angles, but the thought and practice of both forage and ecological value of mulberry has not been systematically interpreted and researched. Based on the short board of animal husbandry development and the advan- tage of mulberry, animal husbandry and mulberry were complemented and fused, and relatively closed planting and raising ecological recycling pattern with mulberry as the axis was raised. Phased scientific research and production test data were obtained, and the problems and development suggestions were put forward in the following aspects ： selection of mulberry varieties with both forage and ecological value, cost control of mulberry with both forage and ecological value, quality and safety control system of forage mulberry, orientation of feeding value of forage mulberry.

Analysis on Ecological Footprint of the Urban Agglomeration in Pearl River Delta

[Objective] The research aimed to calculate and analyze ecological footprint of the urban agglomeration in Pearl River Delta in 2009. [Method] 9 cities in Pearl River Delta as research zone, by using calculation model of the ecological footprint, ecological footprint and security of the urban agglomeration in Pearl River Delta were calculated. Current situation and sustainable development condition of the ecological environment in Pearl River Delta were conducted quantitative analysis. [Result] Except construction land and woodland, other 4 kinds of lands were all in ecological deficit states in Pearl River Delta. Especially arable land and fossil fuel land had obvious ecological deficit. [Conclusion] Biological resource consumption level and energy consumption level in Pearl River Delta were higher. We ought to take a variety of measures to reduce ecological deficit, making development manner turn toward sustainable direction.

Counterm easures to Ensure the Soil Ecological Environm ent Security in China

In this paper,the situation of soil pollution prevention and control in foreign countries was discussed,then the present situation of soil pollution in China was analyzed,and the countermeasures to ensure the soil ecological environment security in China were proposed.

Towards an Ethical and Ecological Approach to Electricity Generation: A Comparative Analysis of Coal and Nuclear Power in the USA

According to the US Energy Information Administration, about 4118 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) electricity was generated at large-scale generation facilities in 2019. About 63% of this was from fossil fuels, e.g., coal, natural gas, petroleum, and other gases. Environmental exposure to particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury, arsenic, radioactive fly ash, and other pollutants are extremely detrimental to the human cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. Such exposure increases the risk of lung cancer, stroke, heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, respiratory infections, and other illnesses. In light of the challenges associated with renewables providing large quantities of base load power, as well as other factors, the benefits offered by nuclear power should be reexamined by policy makers to move the country towards a more ecological and ethical method of electric power production. This paper offers a concise analysis of many of the salient issues, comparing electricity generation from coal plants and light water nuclear reactors.

Evaluation on Gambiered Guangdong Silk's Ecological Properties

To evaluate gambiered Guangdong silk＇s ecology properties, the raw materials ecology, production ecology and use ecology are analyzed; and the safety to human is tested according to GB/T18885 - 2002. Gambiered Guangdong silk is a kind of natural product. All its raw materials are reproducible and degradable natural resources, and it can decompose completely when being discarded. R is comfortable to wear, and easy to clean and dry. It is mainly manufactured by dip-dyeing in dye yam solution, and insolating under the burning sun. The production energy is solar, a kind of clean and reproducible energy. The production process is clean and environmental friendly. There is neither the utilization of synthetic dyestuff and chemical auxiliary, nor the discharge of environment pollutant, and even the dreg of dye yam is used as fuel. The safety test results show that pH value of water extract, heavy metal content （except for Pb content）, color fastness and odor meet the requirements of GB/T18885 - 2002 and Okeo-tex standard 100.

转Cry1Ah基因抗虫玉米HGK60对田间节肢动物多样性的影响

在常规作物中引入有益目的基因得到的转基因作物,可以为人类社会提供可持续的农业和经济效益,但其大面积种植可能带来的环境安全问题也得到了越来越多的关注。以转Cry1Ah基因玉米HGK60和对照常规玉米郑58为研究对象,采用直接观测法、陷阱调查法和扫网法,在2019—2021连续3年对苗期、喇叭口期、抽穗期和完熟期玉米田间节肢动物进行调查,分析其群落组成、生态指标、群落相似性及稳定性等。结果表明:(1)调查共获得124种48746个体,隶属于11目40科,除中性类群个体数在2019年抽穗期存在显著差异(P<0.05),HGK60与郑58在植食性、捕食性、寄生性以及中性4个类群的个体数量和种数没有显著差异(P>0.05),且不同类群的个体数和物种数在3年各生育期所占比重基本一致。(2)对丰富度指数、Shannon指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数的分析显示,HGK60和郑58在3年各生育期均未表现出显著差异(P>0.05),认为HGK60的种植对田间节肢动物各生态指标无显著影响。(3)从整体及各营养类群来看,HGK60与郑58相似系数较高,认为二者田间节肢动物群落组成相似。(4)HGK60种植对节肢动物群落的相对稳定性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。整体上,HGK60种植对田间节肢动物群落生物多样性的影响很小。研究结果为进一步研究转基因作物的环境风险提供了数据支撑。

“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度的提出与规范建构

研究目的:证成“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度,并进行规范建构。研究方法:规范分析法、比较分析法和案例分析法。研究结果:(1)空间公平正义价值观下,“税费”式自然生态空间有偿使用制度有利于保护自然生态空间,一定程度上衡平了自然生态空间利益。因忽视自然生态空间安全价值,该制度在自然生态空间利益全面保护方面仍面临主体涵盖不全、利益混同、补偿滞后以及救济偏离诉求目标等困境。(2)受生态安全价值观影响,自然生态空间利益衡平的理念由“损害最小化”转向“零耗损”。研究结论:应推行“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度,与资源税费制度并行,与生态补偿、碳汇交易等制度协同,保障自然生态空间安全,全面衡平自然生态空间利益。具体制度建构中,应秉持权力制约与权益保障的理念,厘清生态券的法律属性,发掘生态券有偿使用方式下的权力与权利规范;明确自然生态空间占用权,确认与合理配置自然生态空间利益;设定对价支付自然生态空间占用的具体义务,明晰权利的边界;加强“生态券”交易市场的培育与落实,健全制度运行的关键程序。

黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展研究

为推进中国式现代化建设,统筹黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,提升城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展水平,以黄河流域内的7个城市群为研究对象,构建新型城镇化与生态安全评价指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型和相对发展模型,并结合时空演化过程分析了黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度发展格局,最后通过系统动力学模型模拟未来5年耦合协调发展趋势.结果表明,研究期内,黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度总体呈上升趋势,部分城市群出现轻度波动,耦合协调特征由失调、濒临协调转化为勉强协调、初级协调;最后通过预测未来5年黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度发展过程,推断城市群均处于显著提升状态,且逐步达到初级协调阶段.针对目前黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展存在的不足,提出了相应的对策建议.

生态环境治理项目安全生产标准化评价模型及其应用

为提高生态环境治理项目安全生产标准化评价的准确性和客观性,针对安全生产标准化存在的管理缺陷及主要问题,首先结合相关文献和项目实际确定安全生产标准化评价指标体系,然后采用层次分析法计算各评价指标的权重,构建了安全生产标准化评价模型,最后应用安全生产标准化评价模型对某土地开发整理项目进行了实例应用与分析。结果表明,该评价模型适用于生态环境治理项目安全生产标准化量化评分,对今后生态环境治理项目安全生产标准化评价具有指导意义。

裸漏基岩边坡护坡设计与应用

公路工程建设过程中,裸露基岩边坡如不及时采取防护措施极易造成水土流失、滑坡等灾害的发生。结合某三级公路,工程区总体属中低山剥蚀地貌,工程沿线大部分地段基岩裸漏。裸露基岩边坡防护工程的设计与施工,对施工现场高边坡防护、防排水措施等要点进行了论述,通过边坡生态护坡设计,达到施工质量安全双优目标。

基于Sentinel-2数据的苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区植被生长状况遥感监测评估

利用2021—2022年Sentinel-2卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪(MSI)遥感数据,通过SNAP遥感软件提供的植被生物物理参数处理模块(Biophysical Processor),反演了苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区的5种植被生物物理参数,包括植被吸收光合有效辐射比例(FAPAR)、植被覆盖度(FVC)、叶面积指数(LAI)、冠层叶绿素含量(CCC)和冠层含水量(CWC),开展植被生态环境监测评估研究。结果表明,该生态安全缓冲区2021年建成并投入运行后,植被覆盖度和生物量有所增加,区域植被冠层结构有所改善,植被生物物理参数从一定的角度反映了消夏湾生态安全缓冲区发挥了生态涵养成效。该研究方法能在大尺度上快捷、高效地反演植被生物物理参数,可为通过植被遥感动态监测评估生态安全缓冲区的生态功能提供有益的借鉴。