Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Black Soil Fertility and Maize Yield

By two years （2007-2008） located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organinc matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. At the same time, the increasing application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and improve the field moisture capacity. Field moisture capacity and organic matter of the combined application of high quantities of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers AtB5 treatment increased the fhstest, organic matter increased by 3.33 g. kg and field moisture capacity increased by 11.25% than the beginning of the experiment. Under the same fertilization, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers＇ increasing production range was higher than the single chemical fertilizers＇ which was from 0.8% to 9.4%. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the nutrient contents of soil and also was the highest productivity contribution to black soil fertility. It was the best fertilization structure of increasing productivity level and improving the soil fertility.

Simulation and performance analysis of organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power system

To improve the overall thermal efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle（ ORC）, a simulation study was carried out for a combined heat and power（ CHP） system, using the Redlich-Kuang-Soave（ RKS） equation of state. In the system,R245 fa was selected as the working fluid. A scroll expander was modeled with empirical isentropic expansion efficiency.Plate heat exchangers were selected as the evaporator and the condenser, and detailed heat transfer models were programmed for both one-phase and two-phase regions. Simulations were carried out at seven different heat source temperatures（ 80,90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 ℃） in combination with eight different heat sink temperatures（ 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50,55 ℃）. Results showthat in the ORC without an internal heat exchanger（ IHE）, the optimum cycle efficiencies are in the range of 7. 0% to 7. 3% when the temperature differences between the heat source and heat sink are in the range of 70 to90 ℃. Simulations on CHP reveal that domestic hot water can be produced when the heat sink inlet temperature is higher than40 ℃, and the corresponding exergy efficiency and overall thermal efficiency are 29% to 56% and 87% to 90% higher than those in the non-CHP ORC, respectively. It is found that the IHE has little effect on the improvement of work output and efficiencies for the CHP ORC.

Realization of an efficient coherent combination via Michelson cavity

An intracavity coherent coupling Michelson erbium-doped fibre （EDF） laser （MCEDFL） is proposed and demonstrated. By using this laser system, we find a means to obtain a maximum power output at the same pumping power level. From the experiment based on fibre Bragg gratings （FBGs） with different refiectivities from 6% to 100%, we find that the reflectivity of the FBG plays a vital role in improving the performance of the MCEDFL. At the same time, the MCEDFL with a polarizer can be coherently combined effectively. This type of system, in principle, is compatible with other more powerful pumping methods, such as cladding pumping, and brings some novel perspectives to the realization of high power lasers.

Development of Combined Biological Technology for Treatment of High-strength Organic Wastewater and Results of Case Studies

Our study group has developed a unique combined ters from the industries of dyestuff, pharmaceutical, chemical biological technology to treat high-strength organic wastewaengineering and zymolysis by using the principles of anaerobic ecological niche and bio-phase separation. The study obtained five national invention patents and eight patent equipments. This technology contains four kernel processes - two-phase anaerobic-aerobic process, hydrolysis-acidification-oxidation process, UASBAF-oxidation process, and internal cycling-hydrolysis-oxidation process. Fifteen pilot projects were accomplished in the basins of Tai Lake, Huai River, Liao River and Songhua River, and their total capital investment reached 185.214 million Yuan （RMB）. Compared to conventional wastewater treatment technology, the innovative technology is more costeffective for high-strength organic wastewater treatment, can save capital investment by 15% - 30%, lessen land usage by 20% to 40% and decrease the operating cost by 10% to 25%. The operating cost of treatment per cubic meter industrial wastewater could be below 0.6 to 1.4 Yuan （RMB）.

A new combined therapy to 15 patients with multiple organ failure in abdominal surgery

AIMS We report 15 cases of abdominal-surgical multiple organ failure(MOF)treated successfully by a new combined therapy four high doses in volume and one support“FHDOS”short period high doses in large volume anJsodaminum;short period high doses in large volume dexamethasonum;high doses in large volume of dis- infectant antibiotics;high doses in large volume of abdominal cav- ity washing liquor and support of nutrition metabolism.The mortal- ity rate and cost of MOF were decreased.It is simple,practical and effective. METHODS The study group consisted of 15 patients(10 wom- en,5 men;average age,42.7)who were hospitalized in our hospital.All patients were given“FHDOS”:short period high in large volume Anisodaminum:intravenous injection 40 mg once; another 40rag may be added 30 minutes later according to condition.The total amount may reach 120-240 mg a day,or,in- travenous injection 40 mg every 15 minutes until condition being under control.Short period high doses in large volume Dexamethasonum:intravenous injection 100-200 mg once;this remedy may be continued for 1-3 days;the amount also may de- crease according to condition.High doses in large volume of dis- infectant Antibiotics:select and use antibiotics according to clini- cal condition,inference of Gram's stain;it is necessary to re- peatedly culture bacteria in many parts,and then,to make ad- justment according to culture result and drug-resistance,and to prevent carefully the dual infections from occurring.High doses in large volume of abdominal cavity washing liquor:generally adopt- ing physiological saline 6000o8000ml in washing abdominal cavity. “One support”means full support of nutrition metabolism. RESULTS All the patients in this group survive well after the rescue without any complication. CONCLUSIONS MOF should be prevented,if possible,by stopping or controlling the injury,removing as much necrotic tis- sue as possible,improving blood flow and oxygen consumption, supporting metabolism,and preventing infection or treating it ear- ly and adequately.“FHDOS”is a combined therapy and plays a key role in treating MOF.

Thermo-economic Investigation of an Enhanced Geothermal System Organic Rankine Cycle and Combined Heating and Power System

As a potentially viable renewable energy, Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGSs) extract heat from hot dry rock(HDR) reservoirs to produce electricity and heat, which promotes the progress towards carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. The main challenge for EGSs is to reduce the investment cost. In the present study, thermo-economic investigations of EGS projects are conducted. The effects of geofluid mass flow rate, wellhead temperature and loss rate on the thermo-economic performance of the EGS organic Rankine cycle(ORC) are studied. A performance comparison between EGS-ORC and the EGS combined heating and power system(CHP) is presented. Considering the CO_(2)emission reduction benefits, the influence of carbon emission trading price on the levelized cost of energy(LCOE) is also presented. It is indicated that the geofluid mass flow rate is a critical parameter in dictating the success of a project. Under the assumed typical working conditions, the LCOE of EGS-ORC and EGS-CHP systems are 24.72 and 16.1 cents/k Wh, respectively. Compared with the EGS-ORC system, the LCOE of the EGS-CHP system is reduced by 35%. EGS-CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable in the future. With carbon emission trading prices of 12.76 USD/ton, the LCOE can be reduced by approximately 8.5%.

Effect of Combined Application of Organic Farming Aid (OFA) and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Maize and Soil Microbial Properties in the Guinea Savannah Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of organic farming aid (OFA) and inorganic fertilizer on the productivity of maize, chemical and microbial properties of soil for higher economic value. Field experiments were conducted during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons at the research fields of CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute located at Nyankpala in the Guinea savannah agroecology of Ghana. The study consisted of five treatment combinations: full rate of OFA, full rate of NPK, 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK, full OFA + 1/2 NPK and a control (no OFA and no NPK) which were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant (P 0.05) treatment and year interaction effect for all the growth parameters except for plant height, leaf area and leaf area index. Apart from hundred seed weight, treatment and year interaction effect for all the yield and yield components was significant (P 0.05). Application of full rate of NPK (90:60:60) resulted in the highest grain yield of 4960 kg·ha-1, however it was statistically similar to those obtained by the combined application of full rate of OFA (250 ml·ha-1) + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK with grain yield of 4856 kg·ha-1 and 4639 kg·ha-1 respectively. There was also a yield advantage of 197. 5%, 191.3%, 178.3 and 79.1% over the control for full NPK rate, full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK rate, 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and full OFA rate respectively. Application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK enhanced soil basal respiration (evolved CO2) and mineralizable C, implying that, combination of full OFA rate and NPK fertilizer would be necessary to boost soil microbial activity and soil labile nutrient pool (labile C pool). This suggests that combined use of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK fertilizer can be a better strategic tool for improving soil quality. The highest benefit cost ratios (BCR) of 2.58 and 3.77 were obtained following the application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK respectively. Hence, it could be concluded that complementary use of OFA and NPK is more profitable than using single inputs (either OFA or NPK). Thus, in promoting technology packages to farmers, development practitioners must carefully consider the complementary of inputs that are cost-effective but economically rewarding.

Growth of a-Plane GaN Films on r-Plane Sapphire by Combining Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy with the Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Hydride vapor phase epitaxy （HVPE） is utilized to grow nonpolar a-plane GaN layers on r-plane sapphire templates prepared by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy （MOVPE）. The surface morphology and microstructures of the samples are characterized by atomic force microscopy. The full width at half maximum （FWHM） of the HVPE sample shows a W-shape and that of the MOVPE sample shows an M-shape plane with the degree of 0 in the high-resolution x-ray diffraction （HRXRD） results. The surface morphology attributes to this significant anisotropic. HRXRD reveals that there is a significant reduction in the FWHM, both on-axis and off-axis for HVPE GaN are compared with the MOVPE template. The decrease of the FWHM of E2 （high） Raman scat tering spectra further indicates the improvement of crystal quality after HVPE. By comparing the results of secondary- ion-mass spectroscope and photoluminescence spectrum of the samples grown by HVPE and MOVPE, we propose that C-involved defects are originally responsible for the yellow luminescence.

缺血性脑卒中痰热腑实证大鼠模型的建立与评价

背景:中医药在治疗缺血性脑卒中痰热腑实证中具有丰富的经验和独特的优势,为深入挖掘中医药对该病的治疗靶点和治疗机制,建立稳定、可靠的缺血性脑卒中痰热腑实证病证结合动物模型是关键。目的:探讨缺血性脑卒中痰热腑实证大鼠模型的建立方法及评价体系。方法:采用随机数字表法将60只SD大鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组(n=12)、缺血性脑卒中组(n=18)给予普通饲料喂养25 d,病证结合组(n=18)、痰热腑实证组(n=12)给予高脂饲料喂养25 d;第26天,空白对照组、缺血性脑卒中组灌胃给予生理盐水,病证结合组、痰热腑实证组灌胃给予自体粪便混悬液,连续灌胃3 d(灌胃期间继续给予高脂饲料);灌胃结束后,缺血性脑卒中组、病证结合组采用线栓法建立缺血性脑卒中模型,记录各组大鼠饮食量、饮水量、体质量、体温、粪便性状、鼻分泌物、喉中痰鸣、舌象等表征变化。造模结束后24 h,进行神经功能缺损评分、舌象表征、血脂水平检测、脑组织及颈动脉形态学观察以及血清胃动素和生长抑素水平检测。结果与结论:(1)与空白对照组比较,病证结合组大鼠呼吸急促、精神萎靡、烦躁、行动迟缓,鼻周可见大量分泌物、可闻及厚重的喉中痰鸣,饮食量、饮水量下降,体质量、体温及舌下脉络评分升高,粪便粒数、Bristol评分及粪便含水率降低;血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及生长抑素水平升高,胃动素水平降低,神经功能缺损评分升高,颈动脉发生显著病理改变,脑组织显示明显缺血形态学改变。缺血性脑卒中组仅能造成缺血性脑组织病理改变,不能复制出痰热腑实证的证候特征。痰热腑实证组能复制出典型的中医证候特征,但不能构建出缺血性脑卒中的脑组织病理改变。(2)结果表明,高脂诱导结合线栓法及自体粪便灌胃的多因素复合造模方法,可建立缺血性脑卒中痰热腑实证病证结合动物模型。

Effects of ORC Working Fluids on Combined Cycle Integrated with SOFC and ORC for Stationary Power Generation

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of working fluid on conventional combined cycle integrated with pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for stationary utility power generation. The mathematical model of a natural gas fueled design configuration is developed in Matlab and Simulink and simulated with 14 working fluids. The effluent gases of SOFC undergo combustion in the combustion chamber and it is utilized in the gas turbine, steam turbine cycle and ORC. The model is compared with those found in literature and the parametric studies of temperature, flow rate, fuel utilization factor and exhaust gas on the system efficiency are examined. Results revealed that working fluids show a closely related behavior in efficiency at low pressure ratio and high flow fraction, fuel utilization, and temperature. R-123 was found to perform the best among 14 working fluids studied, yielding a system energy efficiency of 70% in the combined cycle integrated with SOFC and ORC.

Parametric Energy and Economic Analysis ofModified Combined Cycle Power Plant with Vapor Absorption and Organic Rankine Cycle

To meet the escalating electricity demand and rising fuel costs,along with notable losses in power transmission,exploring alternative solutions is imperative.Gas turbines demonstrate high efficiency under ideal International Organization for Standardization(ISO)conditions but face challenges during summer when ambient temperatures reach 40℃.To enhance performance,the proposal suggests cooling inlet air by 15℃using a vapor absorption chiller(VAC),utilizing residual exhaust gases from a combined cycle power plant(CCPP)to maximize power output.Additionally,diverting a portion of exhaust gases to drive an organic Rankine cycle(ORC)for supplementary power generation offers added efficiency.This integrated approach not only boosts power output but alsominimizes environmental impact by repurposing exhaust gases for additional operations.This study presents a detailed energy and economic analysis of a modified combine cycle power plant,in Kotri,Pakistan.R600A is used as organic fuel for the ORC while LiBr-H2O solution is used for the VAC.Two performance parameters,efficiency and energy utilization factor,Four energetic parameters,Work output of ORC,modified CCPP,original CCPP and cooling rate,and one economics parameter,payback period were examined under varying ambient conditions and mass fraction of exhaust gases from outlet of a gas turbine(ψ).A parametric investigation was conducted within the temperature range of 18℃to 50℃,relative humidity between 70%and 90%,and theψranging from 0 to 0.3.The findings reveal that under elevated ambient conditions(40℃,90%humidity)withψat 0,the Energy Utilization Factor(EUF)exceeds 60%.However,the ORC exhibits a low work output of 100KWalongside a high cooling load of 29,000 kW.Conversely,the modified system demonstrates an augmented work output of approximately 81,850 KWcompared to the original system’s 78,500KW.Furthermore,the integration of this systemproves advantageous across all metrics.Additionally,the payback period of the system is contingent on ambient conditions,with lower conditions correlating to shorter payback periods and vice versa.

新型城镇化与乡村全面振兴有机结合:内在机理与政策展望

推进新型城镇化与乡村全面振兴有机结合,是新时代背景下进一步推动城乡融合发展的重大部署。新型城镇化和乡村振兴作为实现经济社会高质量发展的两大战略,并不是相互孤立的,而是互为支撑、相辅相成的。推动以县城为载体的新型城镇化,处理好县城与乡村、县城与大城市这两对关系,并加快实现劳动力、土地等要素在城乡间的优化配置,有助于统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴,形成城乡融合发展新格局。为此,需要进一步深化城乡发展体制机制改革,推进城乡要素优化配置和空间布局调整,因地制宜,协同施策,实现城乡融合发展。

我国设施生态农业主要模式及配套技术的研究与实践

设施生态农业是指在设施种植和设施养殖中采用清洁、绿色、健康生产方式,以提高资源利用效率、农产品产量与质量、环境效益为目标的生态农业模式。2002年农业部重点推广的设施生态农业模式主要有两大类:一类是种养沼三结合的“四位一体”生态模式,从最初以农户为单位的单体日光温室到以村庄为单位的种养结合生态温室群模式,拓展到在一个大区域内将大型猪场的粪污进行工业化沼气并网发电,沼液通过管道输送到农田来减少化肥施用和改良土壤的宏观生态农业模式,相关的结构配置、配套的种养殖技术和装备也在不断研发和提升中。另一类是采用综合性生态农业技术的设施生态农业模式,包括:采用各类立体/垂直栽培技术提高土地资源利用率;通过各种轮作栽培技术减少设施蔬菜土壤连作障碍和降低农药使用量;采用土壤健康栽培技术,通过有机肥的合理施用改善土壤性状;采用有机基质栽培技术,用农林废弃物发酵后的物料作为栽培基质为作物提供养分;采用覆盖防虫网、色板诱杀、灯光诱杀、高温封棚、蒸气消毒、有色膜覆盖土壤、天敌昆虫生物防治等病虫草害生态防治技术来减少有害生物发生。期望通过相关配套装备技术的进一步研发提高设施生态农业的信息化、自动化水平,实现设施农业的可持续发展。

胶黏剂产品中VOCs含量与类别的检测方法

可靠、高效的检测方法,能够准确测定胶黏剂产品中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的含量及类别,进而为胶黏剂产品生产提供参考,不断提升胶黏剂产品的环保安全性。一般采用气相色谱法、气相色谱-检测器联用法、气相色谱-质谱法,通过优化顶空条件、色谱柱选择和质谱参数,实现对目标VOCs的高灵敏度、高选择性检测。这些方法能够有效分离和定量分析胶黏剂产品中的多种VOCs,包括烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、醛类、酮类等,获得了VOCs含量和类别分布的详细数据,为胶黏剂产品中VOCs含量和类别的检测提供了一种可靠、高效的解决方案,可用于评估胶黏剂产品的环境友好性,并为制定相关标准和法规提供技术支持。

计及氢能高效利用和热电灵活输出的综合能源系统源荷灵活运行策略

为进一步发挥氢能高效利用优势,构建绿色低碳能源系统,提出一种计及氢能高效利用和热电联产灵活输出的综合能源系统源荷灵活运行策略。首先,对源侧供能模型进行两方面改进:一是引入含风电制氢、燃气混氢、多能用氢和储氢的氢能利用模型,并考虑到电解水和甲烷化反应过程中的热量散失情况,引入热量回收装置,构建计及热量回收的氢能高效利用模型;二是针对常规热电联产灵活性不足的问题,构建含电锅炉和有机朗肯循环的热电灵活输出模型,以解耦常规热电联产“以热定电”和“以电定热”限制。其次,在荷侧引入含可转移、可削减和可平移的电、热柔性负荷,以缓解电、热负荷峰谷差,并与源侧相结合,形成源荷灵活运行模型。最后,综合考虑阶梯型碳交易成本、设备运行维护成本、弃风成本以及购能成本,建立综合能源系统源荷灵活优化运行模型。采用CPLEX求解器对所提综合能源系统源荷灵活运行模型进行求解,并设置不同场景进行对比。结果表明,相比常规氢能利用模型,考虑所提计及热量回收的氢能高效利用模型时,系统的总成本、碳排放量分别降低了1.92%、4.22%,并且引入热电联产改进模型后,其总成本、碳排放量可进一步降低4.08%、7.32%,实现系统低碳、经济和灵活运行。

HIV阳性实体器官移植受者的免疫抑制药物管理

联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(cART)的应用显著提高了人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者的预期寿命。但病毒感染和cART药物的不良反应使患者更容易发生器官衰竭。针对HIV感染者的终末期器官衰竭患者,实体器官移植成为一种标准的治疗方案。然而,在HIV阳性实体器官移植受者中,存在移植物排斥反应发生增多、感染风险升高、药物毒性以及cART治疗和免疫抑制药之间的药物相互作用等诸多问题,管理HIV阳性实体器官移植受者具有极大的挑战性。因此,本文就免疫诱导治疗、钙调磷酸酶抑制剂、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制剂及其他免疫抑制药在HIV阳性实体器官移植受者中的应用进行综述,旨在为未来HIV阳性实体器官移植受者的免疫抑制管理提供参考。

以器官系统为中心教学模式对中医风湿病并轨专硕研究生岗位胜任力的影响

目的:探讨以 “以器官系统为中心”的新型教学模式在中医风湿病并轨专硕研究生培养中的作用。方法:选取安徽中医药大学第一附属医院中医风湿病专业并轨专硕研究生43人作为研究对象,研究组和对照组分别为22人,21人。两组经过专科规范化培训后进行理论成绩测试、技能操作考核,岗位胜任力综合能力测试以及教学效果满意程度等方面的比较,评价学习成绩与教学效果。结果:培训结束后,观察组专科理论成绩、中医理论成绩及技能操作成绩较对照组高(P<0.05)。观察组临床思维能力、中医辨证思维能力、知识融汇贯通能力、沟通合作能力各评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);医患沟通能力、学术研究能力方面与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组教学满意度较对照组高(P<0.01)。结论:“以器官系统为中心”的教学方法能有效提高中医风湿病并轨专硕研究生住培教学质量,使其临床综合能力得到锻炼与提高,对提升中医风湿病并轨专硕研究生岗位胜任力,优化教学课程设置和培养模式具有重要价值。

有机无机肥配施对西北地区不同土壤类型氮素矿化影响

为揭示不同施肥措施和土壤类型对我国西北地区典型农田土壤氮素矿化特征的影响,通过室内恒温好气培养法,分别研究不施肥(CK)、单施尿素(U)、单施有机肥(M)和尿素配施有机肥(U+M)施肥模式对土壤氮素矿化动态过程的影响,并对土壤累积矿化氮量进行一级动力学方程拟合及相关性分析。结果表明,施肥和土壤类型均显著影响土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量和累积矿化氮量,且两者之间存在显著的交互作用。不同类型土壤累积矿化氮量和矿化速率由大到小依次为塿土、黄绵土、黄河灌淤土、灰棕漠土。与CK处理相比,不同施肥处理显著增加土壤累积矿化氮量、矿化速率常数(k)和矿化势(N0),处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。单施尿素和尿素配施有机肥处理的累积矿化氮量和矿化速率分别较CK处理增加2.83~6.71倍和3.83~7.70倍。相关分析表明,土壤累积矿化氮量与土壤有机质含量和全氮含量呈显著正相关关系。研究结果表明,有机无机肥配施处理可显著促进西北地区不同土壤类型氮素矿化,提高氮素有效性和供氮能力,有利于保持土壤矿质氮含量,对农田氮素高效利用有重要作用。

不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥对植烟土壤有机碳固存的影响

为探究不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥影响植烟土壤有机碳固存的长期效应,基于连续9年的田间定位试验,设置不施肥(CK)、100%化肥(CF-1,当地常规推荐施肥)、80%化肥(CF-2)、80%化肥配施有机肥(OF-1)、60%化肥配施有机肥(OF-2)、70%化肥配施有机肥+生物有机肥(BOF)处理,对植烟土壤有机碳储量盈亏、固碳速率、有机碳组分含量、有机碳敏感指数、土壤碳库活度和土壤碳库管理指数进行对比,探讨不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥对植烟土壤有机碳固存的长期效应。与CF-1处理相比,连续不施肥(CK)处理植烟土壤有机碳组分、储量和土壤碳固存速率显著下降。不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥的OF-1、OF-2和BOF处理,植烟土壤有机碳含量分别增加9.6%、20.9%和13.9%,土壤活性有机碳含量分别增加43.4%、68.0%和41.7%,土壤可溶性有机碳含量分别增加14.8%、19.1%和25.4%,土壤微生物量碳含量分别增加22.8%、37.2%和36.4%,土壤有机碳储量分别增加15.3%、30.2%和31.2%,年平均固碳速率分别提高191.3%、382.6%和391.3%,碳库管理指数分别提高100.8%、159.8%和79.6%。不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥显著提升土壤活性有机碳敏感指数。与CF-1相比,OF-1、OF-2和BOF处理的烟叶产量分别提高10.3%、33.5%和35.3%,中上等烟叶比例分别提高14.6%、22.0%和18.0%。连续9年化肥减量配施有机肥显著提高植烟土壤有机碳组分含量和土壤有机碳固存速率,促进烟叶产质量提升,是烟叶绿色优质生产、农田土壤固碳增效的有效途径,以OF-2和BOF效应更好。

不同原料生物炭与无机钝化剂配施对小白菜地上部镉积累和土壤镉钝化的影响

生物炭是量大价廉的土壤重金属钝化材料。为探明不同原料生物炭与石灰沸石复配对土壤镉钝化与作物可食部镉含量的影响,用7种量大易得的农业废弃物制备生物炭,并采用南方典型镉中度污染温室菜地土壤进行小白菜盆栽试验。结果显示,7种生物炭的微观结构和基本理化性质存在显著(P<0.05)差异,但与无机钝化剂复配后有助于提高土壤pH值、有机质含量、电导率、阳离子交换量、碱解氮含量、速效钾含量和有效磷含量,降低土壤有效态Cd含量,且均较不施用钝化剂的空白对照显著提高了小白菜的地上部干重,促进了小白菜生长,显著降低了小白菜的地上部镉含量和镉转运系数。与单施无机钝化剂相比,配施生物炭在改善土壤理化性质、促进作物生长、降低可食部镉含量等方面效果更好。