Geochemical identification of a source rock affected by migrated hydrocarbons and its geological significance:Fengcheng Formation,southern Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China

The Fengcheng Formation is a crucial source rock and the primary reservoir for oil accumulation in the Mahu Sag.Crude oils are distributed throughout the Fengcheng Formation,ranging from the edge to the interior of the sag in the southern Mahu Sag.These crude oils originate from in-situ source rocks in shallowly buried areas and the inner deep sag.During migration,the crude oil from the inner deep sag affects the source rocks close to carrier beds,leading to changes in the organic geochemical characteristics of the source rocks.These changes might alter source rock evaluations and oil-source correlation.Based on data such as total organic carbon(TOC),Rock-Eval pyrolysis of source rocks,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)of the saturated fraction,and considering the geological characteristics of the study area,we define the identification characteristics of source rock affected by migrated hydrocarbons and establish the various patterns of influence that migrated hydrocarbons have on the source rock of the Fengcheng Formation in the southern Mahu Sag.The source rocks of the Fengcheng Formation are mostly fair to good,containing mainly Type II organic matter and being thermally mature enough to generate oil.Source rocks affected by migrated hydrocarbons exhibit relatively high hydrocarbon contents(S1/TOC>110 mg HC/g TOC,Extract/TOC>30%,HC:hydrocarbon),relatively low Rock-Eval Tmax values,and relatively high tricyclic terpane contents with a descending and mountain-shaped distribution.Furthermore,biomarker composition parameters indicate a higher thermal maturity than in-situ source rocks.Through a comparison of the extract biomarker fingerprints of adjacent reservoirs and mudstones in different boreholes,three types of influence patterns of migrated hydrocarbons are identified:the edge-influence of thin sandstone-thick mudstone,the mixed-influence of sandstone-mudstone interbedded,and the full-influence of thick sandstone-thin mudstone.This finding reminds us that the influence of migrated hydrocarbons must be considered when evaluating source rocks and conducting oil-source correlation.

An innovative classification system for ranking the biological effects of marine aromatic hydrocarbons based on fish embryotoxicity

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is a global concern,particularly in coastal environments.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are regarded as the most toxic components of petroleum hydrocarbons.In this study,the biomonitoring and ranking effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs on the marine fish model Oryzias melastigma embryos were determined in the Jiulong River Estuary(JRE) and its adjacent waters in China.The results showed that the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons from almost all sites met the primary standard for marine seawater quality,and the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs in the surface seawater were lower compared with those in other coastal areas worldwide.A new fish expert system based on the embryotoxicity of O.melastigma(OME-FES) was developed and applied in the field to evaluate the biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The selected physiological index and molecular indicators in OME-FES were appropriate biomarkers for indicating the harmful effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The outcome of OME-FES revealed that the biological effect levels of the sampling sites ranged from level Ⅰ(no stress) to level Ⅲ(medium stress),which is further corroborated by the findings of nested analysis of variance(ANOVA) models.Our results suggest that the OME-FES is an effective tool for evaluating and ranking the biological effects of marine petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.This method may also be applied to evaluate other marine pollutants based on its framework.

Single-atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons and oxygenates

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers a sound and economically viable technology for the electrification and decarbonization of the chemical and fuel industries.In this technology,an electrocatalytic material and renewable energy-generated electricity drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.Over the past few years,single-atom catalysts have been intensively studied as they could provide near-unity atom utilization and unique catalytic performance.Single-atom catalysts have become one of the state-of-the-art catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide.However,it remains a challenge for single-atom catalysts to facilitate the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into products beyond carbon monoxide.In this review,we summarize and present important findings and critical insights from studies on the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using single-atom catalysts.It is hoped that this review gives a thorough recapitulation and analysis of the science behind the catalysis of carbon dioxide into more reduced products through singleatom catalysts so that it can be a guide for future research and development on catalysts with industry-ready performance for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

Efficient adsorption separation of methane from C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons in a Co(Ⅱ)-nodes metal-organic framework

Methane(CH_(4))as a substitute for other mineral fuels plays a crucial role in reducing energy consumption and preventing environmental pollution.The present study employs a solvothermal method to fabricate a porous framework Co-metal-organic framework(Co-MOF)containing two distinct secondary building units(SBUs):an anionic[Co_(2)(μ_(2)-OH)(COO)_(4)(H_(2)O)]and a neutral[CoN_(2)(COO)_(2)].Notably,within the anionic SBUs,the coordinated water molecules induce the generation of divergent unsaturated Co(Ⅱ)centers in the unidirectional porous channels,thereby creating open metal sites.The adsorption performance of Co-MOF towards pure component gases was systematically investigated.The results demonstrated that Co-MOF exhibits superior adsorption capacity for C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons compared to CH_(4),which offers the potential for efficient adsorption and separation of CH_(4) from C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.The gas selectivity separation ratios of Co-MOF for C_(2)H_(6)/CH_(4) and C_(3)H_8/CH_(4) were calculated using the ideal adsorbed solution theory method at 273/298 K and 0.1 MPa.The results revealed that Co-MOF achieved remarkable equilibrium separation selectivity for CH_(4) and C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbon gases among non-modified MOFs,signifying the potential of the synthesized Co-MOF for efficient recovery and purification of CH_(4) from C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Breakthrough experiments further demonstrate the ability of Co-MOF to purify methane from C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons in practical gas separation scenarios.Additionally,molecular simulation calculations further substantiate the propensity of anionic SBUs to interact with C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbon compounds.This study provides a novel paradigm for the development of porous MOF materials in the application of gas mixture separation.

Changes in the Non-targeted Metabolomic Profile of Three-year-old Toddlers with Elevated Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Objective To investigate changes in the urinary metabolite profiles of children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during critical brain development and explore their potential link with the intestinal microbiota.Methods Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine ten hydroxyl metabolites of PAHs(OH-PAHs)in 36-month-old children.Subsequently,37 children were categorized into low-and high-exposure groups based on the sum of the ten OH-PAHs.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify non-targeted metabolites in the urine samples.Furthermore,fecal flora abundance was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq.Results The concentrations of 21 metabolites were significantly higher in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group(variable importance for projection>1,P<0.05).Most of these metabolites were positively correlated with the hydroxyl metabolites of naphthalene,fluorine,and phenanthrene(r=0.336–0.531).The identified differential metabolites primarily belonged to pathways associated with inflammation or proinflammatory states,including amino acid,lipid,and nucleotide metabolism.Additionally,these distinct metabolites were significantly associated with specific intestinal flora abundances(r=0.34–0.55),which were mainly involved in neurodevelopment.Conclusion Higher PAH exposure in young children affected metabolic homeostasis,particularly that of certain gut microbiota-derived metabolites.Further investigation is needed to explore the potential influence of PAHs on the gut microbiota and their possible association with neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Eco-toxicity and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Burullus Lake in Egypt

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are ubiquitous environmental contaminants of growing concern due to their potential ecological and human health risks.This study presents a comprehensive assessment of PAHs contamination in the surface sediments of Burullus Lake,a vital and second largest delta lake in Egypt.The aim was to evaluate the eco-toxicity and potential health risks associated with the presence of these compounds.Surface seven sediment samples were collected from various drains in the southern part of Burullus Lake.Soxhlet extraction method was employed to extract PAHs(16PAHs)from the sediment sample.Analytically,target compounds were located using HPLC.The results showed that samples contained PAHs levels ranging from 0.038×10^(-6)to 0.459×10^(-6),which is considered heavily polluted by the European standard for PAHs pollution.Additionally,there was no apparent source of PAHs in the ElKhashah drain or the Brinbal Canal,as HPLC found none of the compounds.The most prevalent compound in sediment samples along the study area was fluoranthene.The diagnostic indices in the present study indicated that the hydrocarbons in the region originated from pyrolytic and man-made sources along the drains of Burullus Lake.The principal component analysis(PCA)and diagnostic ratios revealed that coal combustion and pyrolytic sources were responsible for the PAHs contamination in the surface sediments.The non-carcinogenic risk(HI),which is the product of the HQs for the adult and child populations,respectively,was calculated.HI values under 1,therefore,demonstrated that they had no carcinogenic effects on human health.TEQs and MEQs in the sediments of Burullus Lake do not have a cancer-causing impact on people.For the safety of nearby wildlife,aquatic life,and people,all activities that raise petroleum hydrocarbon levels in Burullus Lake must be adequately regulated and controlled.According to the ecological risk assessment,there is little chance that PAHs will be found in the sediments of Burullus Lake.This study underscores the urgent need for effective pollution control measures and regular monitoring of PAHs levels in Burullus Lake sediments to protect the aquatic ecosystem and public health.It also highlights the importance of considering eco-toxicity and human health risks in integrated risk assessments of PAHs-contaminated environments.

Mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in roasted beef patties by cold plasma treatment and products quality evaluation

The cold plasma(CP)technique was applied to alleviate the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)in this investigation.Two different CP treatments methods were implemented in the production of beef patties,to investigate their inhibition and degradation capacity on PAHs.With 5 different cooking oils and fats addition,the inhibition mechanism of in-package cold plasma(ICP)pretreatment was explored from the aspect of raw patties fatty acids composition variation.The results of principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components accounted for more than 80%of the total variation in the original data,indicating that the content of saturated fatty acids was significantly positively correlated with the formation of PAHs.ICP pretreatment inhibited the formation of PAHs by changing the composition of fatty acids,which showed that the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased and the total amount of monounsaturated fatty acids increased.Sensory discrimination tests demonstrated there were discernable differences between 2 CP treated samples and the controls,utilization of the ICP pretreatment in meat products processing was expected to achieve satisfying eating quality.In conclusion,CP treatment degraded PAHs through stepwise ring-opening oxidation in 2 reported pathways,the toxicity of PAHs contaminated products was alleviated after CP treatment.

Investigation of the effect of hydrocarbons and monoesters in the gelators’composition on the properties of edible oleogel

Natural wax gelators have different compositions of compounds(hydrocarbons,wax esters,free fatty alcohols,and free fatty acids),which results in oleogels with varying properties.To maintain a consistent composition,the individual components can be added to the original wax gelator.The content of hydrocarbons and wax esters greatly affects the structuring process of liquid edible oils with waxes.The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of modifying the properties of beeswax as a gelling agent by adding hydrocarbons or monoesters to obtain oleogels with specific properties.Various tests were conducted to assess the changes in the oleogel properties,such as color,microstructure,oil-binding capacity,thermal and textural properties.The research results have shown that the addition of the studied fractions has led to a significant change in all properties of oleogels.The initial size of oleogel crystals(7.29±1.80μm)changed after adding fractions,varying from 5.28μm to 12.58μm with hydrocarbons and from 9.95μm to 30.41μm with wax esters.The addition of 30%–50% hydrocarbons decreased the ability of the oleogels to bind oil and made them less firm compared to samples with 10%-20% hydrocarbons.Adding 10%-20% monoesters increased the firmness of the oleogels,but this indicator decreased when their content was increased to 50%.The obtained data indicate that hydrocarbons and wax esters can be used for targeted correction of the gelling properties of beeswax.

Tracing of natural gas migration by light hydrocarbons:A case study of the Dongsheng gas field in the Ordos Basin,NW China

Based on the analysis of light hydrocarbon compositions of natural gas and regional comparison in combination with the chemical components and carbon isotopic compositions of methane,the indication of geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons on the migration features,dissolution and escape of natural gas from the Dongsheng gas field in the Ordos Basin is revealed,and the effect of migration on specific light hydrocarbon indexes is further discussed.The study indicates that,natural gas from the Lower Shihezi Formation(Pix)in the Dongsheng gas field displays higher iso-C5-7contents than n-C5-7contents,and the C6-7light hydrocarbons are composed of paraffins with extremely low aromatic contents(<0.4%),whereas the C7light hydrocarbons are dominated by methylcyclohexane,suggesting the characteristics of coal-derived gas with the influence by secondary alterations such as dissolution.The natural gas from the Dongsheng gas field has experienced free-phase migration from south to north and different degrees of dissolution after charging,and the gas in the Shiguhao area to the north of the Borjianghaizi fault has experienced apparent diffusion loss after accumulation.Long-distance migration in free phase results in the decrease of the relative contents of the methylcyclohexane in C7 light hydrocarbons and the toluene/n-heptane ratio,as well as the increase of the n-heptane/methylcyclohexane ratio and heptane values.The dissolution causes the increase of isoheptane values of the light hydrocarbons,whereas the diffusion loss of natural gas in the Shiguhao area results in the increase of n-C5-7contents compared to the iso-C5-7contents.

Gas source of the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in the Zhongjiang large gas field of Western Sichuan Depression:Constraints from geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons

The Zhongjiang gas field is a typical large gas field in terrigenous strata of the Western Sichuan Depression.It remains debatable which member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation served as the source rocks and how significant the member contributed to the gas accumulations in the Zhongjiang gas field.In this study,we analyzed the essential characteristics of the Lower Jurassic source rocks and the geochemical features of light hydrocarbons in natural gas from the 2nd(T_(3)χ^(2))and 4th members(T_(3)χ^(4))of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)χ),as well as the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao(J_(2)s)and Qianfoya(J_(2)q)formations.Based on this,we explored the sources of the natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field and determined the natural gas migration patterns and their effects on the properties of light hydrocarbons in the natural gas.The results indicate that the Lower Jurassic lacustrine source rocks of the Zhongjiang gas field contain humic organic matter,with vitrinite reflectance(R_(0))values ranging from 0.86%to 0.98%.Samples meeting the criterion for effective source rocks[total organic carbon(TOC)content≥0.75%]exhibited an average TOC content of merely 1.02%,suggesting significantly lower hydrocarbon generation potential than source rocks in the underlying T3x,which show higher thermal maturity and TOC contents.For natural gas samples from T_(3)χ^(2),T_(3)χ^(4),J_(2)s,and J_(2)q reservoirs,their C_(5-7)iso-alkane content was significantly higher than their n-alkane content,and their methylcyclohexane(MCH)index ranged from 59.0%to 77.3%,indicating the predominance of methylcyclohexane in C_(7)light hydrocarbons.As indicated by the origin identification and gas-source correlation based on the geochemical features of light hydrocarbons,the natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field is typical coal-derived gas.The gas from the primary pay zone of the Shaximiao Formation,with significantly high K_(1),(P_(2)+N_(2))/C_(7),and P_(3)/C_(7)values,predominantly originated from the 5th member of the T3x and migrated in the free phase,with a small amount possibly sourced from the Lower Jurassic source rocks.The dissolution and adsorption during gas migration led to a decrease in the aromatic content in C_(6-7)light hydrocarbons and an increase in the isoheptane values.Therefore,their effects must be considered when determining the gas origin and thermal maturity based on the aromatic content in C_(6-7) light hydrocarbons and iso-heptane values.

Study on Adsorption Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Modified Mussel Shells

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are commonly found in the environment.They are carcinogenic,teratogenic,mutagenic and biodegradable obviously.In this paper,the modified mussel shells were used to adsorb and remove anthracene.The results show that the adsorption removal rate of the mussel shells was higher after calcination at 600℃.5%H_(3)PO_(4) solution was more suitable for shell treatment than 3 mol/L ZnCl_(2) solution.As the dosage of the modified shells was 0.5 g/L,the adsorption reached a stable state,and the removal rate of PAHs was about 69.44%;the adsorption efficiency rose with the increase of time.It can be seen that as a new and cheap biological adsorbent,the modified shells can be used to remove PAHs from wastewater.

保存条件对陆相中高熟页岩油富集与流动性保持的作用

陆相页岩烃源岩层系内部滞留烃数量与品质的控制因素除生烃母质类型、丰度、热成熟度与页岩储层储集空间外,烃源岩保存条件作为关键影响因素,在现阶段关注较少;针对该科学问题,以实例解剖为出发点,探讨保存条件在页岩油可动烃富集中的作用。研究表明,良好的保存条件主要有3方面的关键作用:①确保足够多的轻烃(C_(1)—C_(13))、中组分烃(C_(14)—C_(25))和小分子芳香烃(含1~2个苯环)留在地层中以增加页岩油流动性和流动量;②确保地层具有较高的能量场(异常高压),以推动页岩油最大量流出;③确保滞留烃保持多组分烃(轻烃、中质烃、重烃和含杂原子化合物)混相流动条件,使重烃(∑C_(25+))和重质组分(非烃和沥青质)有最佳流动度和最大流动量。经实例解剖证实,凡经济可采性较好的陆相页岩油除有机质类型、丰度与热成熟度及储集空间等有利条件外,页岩层系保存条件好,是页岩油经济成藏的关键因素,应纳入页岩油富集区/段评价标准,成为有利勘探靶体选择的必要条件。

环三藜芦烃金属配合物的合成、表征及荧光性能研究

利用配体前体HECTV(5,6,12,13,19,20-六咪唑-乙氧基环三藜芦烃)与Zn(CH_(3)COO)_(2)·4H_(2)O、Cd(CH_(3)COO)_2·4H_(2)O、H_(2)bdc(间苯二甲酸)和OH-H_(2)bdc(5-羟基间苯二甲酸),通过优化反应温度、溶剂等因素,自组装合成了三个结构新颖的化合物。[Zn_(6)(HECTV)(bdc)_5(HCOO)_(2)]·4DMF·2H_(2)O(1),[Cd_(3)(HECTV)(bdc)_(3)]·6.5H_(2)O(2),[Cd_(3)(HECTV)(OH-bdc)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·DMF·2H_(2)O(3)。化合物1~3展示了不同的二维或者三维的结构。有机羧酸配体的差异导致合成的配合物结构变化很大。此外,我们研究了化合物1~3的发光性质。

联产轻烃回收与LNG提氦工艺设计与模拟

为了降低单一工艺中提氦的能量消耗及设备成本、使氮气循环膨胀制冷提供的冷量得到更加充分的利用,将自产冷剂制冷+膨胀制冷+冷箱集成换热的直接换热(DHX)轻烃回收工艺与天然气低温提氦工艺相结合,设计出一种可以同时生产C_(3)+、粗氦以及LNG的联产工艺。通过对关键参数影响因素分析,确定了膨胀机出口的压力为1.2 MPa、DHX塔顶回流温度为-70℃、一级提氦塔进料温度为-50℃、压缩泵出口压力为5 MPa、低温分离器进料温度为35℃、制冷剂流量为4000 kmol/h。模拟计算得出,联产工艺C_(3)+回收率为78.95%、粗氦回收率为93.77%、粗氦浓度为60.43%、LNG产量为663.84 kmol/h。联产工艺与单一工艺相比总压缩机能耗降低了12.95%、单位综合能耗降低14.10%。研究表明,联产轻烃回收与LNG提氦工艺在能耗和投资成本方面具有较大优势,具有一定的经济价值。

基于PAC生长机制下的蒽转化苯并芘机理研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)和过渡态理论(TST),利用苯基加成环化(PAC)机制,对内燃机缸内的苯并芘生成历程进行探索.结果表明:蒽自由边和锯齿边与苯基的入口反应均表现出无能垒、高放热和速率快的特点.分析各路径限速步速率可知,蒽自由边C1位点比锯齿边C2位更易生成苯并芘,最优反应路径限速步能垒仅为176.2 kJ/mol,反应速率为3.7×10^(9) s^(-1).锯齿边C2位的两条主路径限速步为五元环转化成六元环的异构化反应,能垒分别高达417.2 kJ/mol和421.7 kJ/mol,反应速率分别为8.7×10^(4) s^(-1)和5.8×10^(4) s^(-1).此外,芳香环上H迁移反应的难度高于脂肪链上H迁移.该研究提供了苯并芘的PAC生成机理,这为构建苯并芘的化学动力学模型提供理论依据,对预测内燃机缸内的苯并芘生成具有重要意义.

四川盆地东部复兴地区侏罗系东岳庙段页岩热演化史及油气地质意义

页岩热演化史与油气生成过程、微观孔隙的形成演化以及油气的富集成藏密切相关,是准确评价页岩油气资源潜力、揭示成藏富集规律的关键参数。为了准确评价四川盆地东部复兴地区侏罗系东岳庙段页岩热演化史、含油气特征及其与海相页岩气的差异,结合研究区典型井地质、测井及地球化学资料,利用BasinMod软件模拟了东岳庙段页岩的埋藏史、热演化史和生烃史,探讨了页岩热演化与油气生成、孔隙演化、成藏富集之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)研究区东岳庙段页岩在侏罗纪中期进入生烃门限,侏罗纪中晚期达到主生油高峰,并存在两个生烃高峰,分别为侏罗纪末期和白垩纪中期;(2)第一个生烃高峰期以生油为主,持续时间长且生烃速率较快,第二个生烃高峰期以生成凝析油和湿气为主,持续时间较短且生烃强度较低;(3)东岳庙段页岩的平均累计生油强度为9.5×10^(8)t/km^(2),平均累计生气强度为2.5×10^(8)m^(3)/km^(2);(4)东岳庙段页岩孔隙演化过程可分为4个阶段,分别为早期压实减孔阶段、液态烃滞留堵孔阶段、热裂解有机孔形成阶段和热裂解生湿气阶段;(5)压实作用和液态烃滞留堵孔是导致页岩原生孔隙快速减少的主要原因,有机质(主要为固体沥青)与黏土混杂堆积形成的有机黏土复合体是东岳庙段页岩重要的储集空间。结论认为:(1)不同构造部位的埋藏史、热演化史和生烃史影响了页岩油气的生成、排放与滞留,决定了现今页岩油气的含量差异,抬升剥蚀厚度较小且保存条件较好的地区,具有较高的油气滞留量,值得高度关注;(2)成果认识坚定了川东地区陆相页岩油气勘探开发信心,为其他类似地质情况的探区提供了有益借鉴。

Extraction of the Residual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Long-term Contaminated Soil in the Field

[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the remediation for PAHs contaminated soil.[Method]The comparisons of soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction and shaking extraction were studied in the agricultural soil irrigated with oil sewage over a long period of time.[Result]The total PAHs extracted by soxhlet extraction were the highest（6 873.7 μg/kg）,followed by shaking extraction（6 698.8 μg/kg）and ultrasonic extraction（5 737.6 μg/kg）.Among these methods,the highest extracted 4 and 6 rings PAHs were in the soxhlet extraction,the highest extracted 2 and 5 rings PAHs were in the shaking extraction,and the highest extracted 3 rings PAHs were in the ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the selection of the assessment method of residual PAHs in the field soil.

Catalysis Conversion Methane into C_(2) Hydrocarbons via Electric Field Enhanced Plasma

In this paper the effect of catalyst and carrier in electric field enhanced plasma on methane conversion into C2 hydrocarbons was investigated. Methane coupling reaction was studied in the system of continuous flow reactor on Ni, MoO3, MnO2 catalysts and different ZSM-5 carriers. The per pass conversion of methane can be as high as 22%, the selectivity of ethylene can be as high as 23.8%, of acetylene 60.8%, of ethane 5.4% and of total C2 hydrocarbons was more than 90%. ZSM-5-25 was the better carrier and MnO2 was the better active component. The efficiency of energy was as high as 7.81%.

七氟醚可逆性下调糖尿病模型大鼠心肌生物钟蛋白BMAL1的表达

目的观察七氟醚(SEV)对糖尿病大鼠心肌生物钟基因芳香烃受体核转运样蛋白1(BMALl1)表达的影响,并探讨其变化规律。方法雄性SD大鼠60只,体质量200~250 g,将正常大鼠分为吸氧组(NC)、吸七氟醚组(SEV);常规建立糖尿病模型,建立成功后分为吸氧组(DM)、吸七氟醚组(DM+SEV),吸入时间5 h(n=15)。4组试验动物分别在停止麻醉后0、12和24 h处死,分离心肌组织。用Western blot测定生物钟基因BMAL1与其活化酶泛素特异性肽酶9X(USP9X)的表达;HE染色观察心肌组织病理特征以及免疫荧光共定位观察USP9X与BMAL1之间的相互关系。结果停止麻醉后0、12 h,与DM组比较,DM+SEV组BMAL1、USP9X表达均明显下调(P<0.05);停止麻醉后24 h,与DM组比较,DM+SEV组BMAL1、USP9X表达水平的变化差异无统计学意义。HE染色光镜下显示:DM+SEV组在停止麻醉后0、12 h时心肌组织纤维结构排列发生改变,且在停止麻醉后0 h时这种改变最为显著,但在24 h时心肌组织结构排列整齐。免疫荧光共定位结果显示:USP9X与BMAL1蛋白主要分布于心肌细胞质中,两者存在重叠部分。且受七氟醚影响,在停止麻醉后0、12 h两者重叠部分较少,而在24 h时两者重叠部分较多,接近于DM组。结论七氟醚可逆性改变糖尿病大鼠心肌生物钟基因BMAL1表达,该作用在停止麻醉后12 h仍然存在,而在停止麻醉后24 h该作用明显减弱。

Use of Ionic Liquid-filled Semipermeable Membrane for Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water

A novel and facile sample preparation method was developed for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous sample solution using 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MIM][PF6]) – filled semipermeable membrane. For 24 hrs extraction of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-chloronaphthalene, phenanthrene, the result showed that the extraction efficiency, correlation coefficient (R2) and RSD (n=5) were in the range of 67-102 %, 0.9870-0.9962, and 2.1-5.3 %, respectively.