In this paper, the relation between Asian summer monsoon circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific is investigated by using a global spectral model. This model has nine ...In this paper, the relation between Asian summer monsoon circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific is investigated by using a global spectral model. This model has nine layers in the vertical and the model variables are represented in the horizontal as truncated expansions of the surface spherical harmonics with rhomboidal truncation at wave number 15. The model involves comparatively complete physical processes and parameterizations with mountains.Using the above model, two experimental schemes are designed, namely control case and anomalous sea surface temperature case. The above two schemes are respectively integrated for forty days and the simulated results are obtained from the last 30-day averaged simulations.The simulations show that positive SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific weakens Indian monsoon circulation,decreases precipitation in Indian sub-continent whereas it intensifies East Asian monsoon circulation and increases precipitation in East Asian area. All these results reflect the characteristics of Asian summer monsoon during the El Nino period. In this paper, SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific have a direct influence on the intensity and position of subtropical high via the wave train over Northern Hemisphere, which is similar to that suggested by Nitta(1987) and the wave train over Southern Hemisphere has an influence on the intensity of Muscarene high and Australia high resulting in affecting cross equatorial flow. As a result, atmospheric interior heat sources and sinks are redistributed because of the change of cross equatorial flow. And the response of atmosphere to the new heat source and sink has a significant influence on Asian summer monsoon.展开更多
The differences of temperature, salinity distribution characteristics and structure of circulation in the upper layer of the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed, based on the CTD and ADCP data from the two intensive su...The differences of temperature, salinity distribution characteristics and structure of circulation in the upper layer of the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed, based on the CTD and ADCP data from the two intensive surveyed cruises (IOP1: April 10 - May 5; IOP2: June 12 - July 6) and carried out before and after the Asian monsoon burst (May 25) during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) in 1998. The results showed that field of temperature in the upper layer of the SCS distinctly changed before and after the monsoon burst, the average surface temperature increased by 0.75℃ , with its influence down to the depth of 500 m. The interaction of the local circulation in some areas resulted in the complexity and variability of the temperature and salinity structure in the upper layer, and the alternating distribution of cold and warm water regions (blocks). The high salinity subsurface water obviously intruded into the SCS from the Northwest Pacific, but only limited to the area of southwest of Taiwan Island, and the low salinity intermediate water flowed from the SCS to the Northwest Pacific. The circulation field of the SCS in the summer mainly consisted of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies (rings). With the burst of the monsoon, the intensity and amount of the anticyclonic or the cyclonic eddies (rings) would vary, showing the complex distribution patterns and variations. The result analyzed by the isopycnic surface method coincided extremely with those by in situ survey (ADCP), which showed that the formation of circulation in the SCS was mainly controlled by the internal mass field, that is, dominated by the geostrophic component.展开更多
青藏高原汛期(5—9月)降水具有南北反相的空间分布特征,利用青藏高原67个台站1967—2008年逐月降水资料,分别讨论了汛期各月降水的主要空间分布型以及初夏(5—6月)和盛夏(7—8月)对应的水汽配置和环流异常。结果表明:初夏高原降水以南...青藏高原汛期(5—9月)降水具有南北反相的空间分布特征,利用青藏高原67个台站1967—2008年逐月降水资料,分别讨论了汛期各月降水的主要空间分布型以及初夏(5—6月)和盛夏(7—8月)对应的水汽配置和环流异常。结果表明:初夏高原降水以南北反相型(North-South Reverse Type,NSRT)为主,全区一致型(Whole Region Consistent Type,WRCT)次之;盛夏高原降水以WRCT为主。高原降水呈现NSRT分布时,初夏水汽由高原南部输向北部,而盛夏高原北部为水汽辐合区,南部为水汽辐散区。高原降水呈现WRCT分布时,初夏高原水汽主要来自西太平洋,盛夏水汽主要来自阿拉伯海向东转向的水汽输送,该水汽输送由高原西南地区进入高原。在500 h Pa位势高度场上,初夏(盛夏)降水两种主要空间分布型的位势高度差异以经(纬)向差异为主,且影响高原降水异常分布的系统多为深厚系统。展开更多
采用均一性较好的逐日温度资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和DMSP/OLS卫星夜晚灯光数据,基于Gis工具及Observe Minus Reanalysis(OMR)方法,定量分析了1961—2010年的大气环流背景下城市化对长江中下游地区温度变化趋势的影响。结果表明:长江...采用均一性较好的逐日温度资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和DMSP/OLS卫星夜晚灯光数据,基于Gis工具及Observe Minus Reanalysis(OMR)方法,定量分析了1961—2010年的大气环流背景下城市化对长江中下游地区温度变化趋势的影响。结果表明:长江中下游地区夏季温度总体呈上升趋势,上升幅度以最低温度>平均温度>最高温度,从而导致日较差呈下降趋势,其变化与城市发展水平相吻合。另外,城市化对温度趋势的贡献以日较差>最低温度>平均温度>最高温度,其中大都市的贡献率最大。强(弱)副高年城市化使长江中下游地区夏季温度升高(降低),强副高年大城市对温度的响应较大,而弱副高年中等城市对温度的响应较大。展开更多
利用新疆阿勒泰地区7站1961~2010年夏季(6~8月)逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,运用线性趋势、突变分析、滑动t检验及合成分析等方法,分析该地区夏季极端降水事件的变化规律及其环流特征。结果表明:(1)大部分站夏季极端降水事件年...利用新疆阿勒泰地区7站1961~2010年夏季(6~8月)逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,运用线性趋势、突变分析、滑动t检验及合成分析等方法,分析该地区夏季极端降水事件的变化规律及其环流特征。结果表明:(1)大部分站夏季极端降水事件年变化趋势不显著,但存在明显的年代际变化,1980年代以前偏少,1980年代后期之后呈偏多态势;(2)夏季极端降水事件未出现显著性突变,表明该地区各站夏季极端降水事件发生率基本稳定;(3)阿勒泰地区夏季极端降水事件不仅与同期700 h Pa和500 h Pa高纬度的冷空气活动、西西伯利亚低槽的强度和位置及中低纬度副热带系统是否活跃有关,还与同期200 h Pa副热带急流的位置及30°N^42°N的西风急流连续性、赤道东风急流是否加强及东风零线的位置明显相关;(4)偏西路径与偏南路径水汽汇合是阿勒泰地区夏季极端降水事件偏多的主要原因之一。展开更多
文摘In this paper, the relation between Asian summer monsoon circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific is investigated by using a global spectral model. This model has nine layers in the vertical and the model variables are represented in the horizontal as truncated expansions of the surface spherical harmonics with rhomboidal truncation at wave number 15. The model involves comparatively complete physical processes and parameterizations with mountains.Using the above model, two experimental schemes are designed, namely control case and anomalous sea surface temperature case. The above two schemes are respectively integrated for forty days and the simulated results are obtained from the last 30-day averaged simulations.The simulations show that positive SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific weakens Indian monsoon circulation,decreases precipitation in Indian sub-continent whereas it intensifies East Asian monsoon circulation and increases precipitation in East Asian area. All these results reflect the characteristics of Asian summer monsoon during the El Nino period. In this paper, SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific have a direct influence on the intensity and position of subtropical high via the wave train over Northern Hemisphere, which is similar to that suggested by Nitta(1987) and the wave train over Southern Hemisphere has an influence on the intensity of Muscarene high and Australia high resulting in affecting cross equatorial flow. As a result, atmospheric interior heat sources and sinks are redistributed because of the change of cross equatorial flow. And the response of atmosphere to the new heat source and sink has a significant influence on Asian summer monsoon.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Foundation Research Program under contract No. G1999043805 the National Climbing Project A: "South China Sea Monsoon Experiment " the State Oceanic Administration.
文摘The differences of temperature, salinity distribution characteristics and structure of circulation in the upper layer of the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed, based on the CTD and ADCP data from the two intensive surveyed cruises (IOP1: April 10 - May 5; IOP2: June 12 - July 6) and carried out before and after the Asian monsoon burst (May 25) during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) in 1998. The results showed that field of temperature in the upper layer of the SCS distinctly changed before and after the monsoon burst, the average surface temperature increased by 0.75℃ , with its influence down to the depth of 500 m. The interaction of the local circulation in some areas resulted in the complexity and variability of the temperature and salinity structure in the upper layer, and the alternating distribution of cold and warm water regions (blocks). The high salinity subsurface water obviously intruded into the SCS from the Northwest Pacific, but only limited to the area of southwest of Taiwan Island, and the low salinity intermediate water flowed from the SCS to the Northwest Pacific. The circulation field of the SCS in the summer mainly consisted of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies (rings). With the burst of the monsoon, the intensity and amount of the anticyclonic or the cyclonic eddies (rings) would vary, showing the complex distribution patterns and variations. The result analyzed by the isopycnic surface method coincided extremely with those by in situ survey (ADCP), which showed that the formation of circulation in the SCS was mainly controlled by the internal mass field, that is, dominated by the geostrophic component.
文摘青藏高原汛期(5—9月)降水具有南北反相的空间分布特征,利用青藏高原67个台站1967—2008年逐月降水资料,分别讨论了汛期各月降水的主要空间分布型以及初夏(5—6月)和盛夏(7—8月)对应的水汽配置和环流异常。结果表明:初夏高原降水以南北反相型(North-South Reverse Type,NSRT)为主,全区一致型(Whole Region Consistent Type,WRCT)次之;盛夏高原降水以WRCT为主。高原降水呈现NSRT分布时,初夏水汽由高原南部输向北部,而盛夏高原北部为水汽辐合区,南部为水汽辐散区。高原降水呈现WRCT分布时,初夏高原水汽主要来自西太平洋,盛夏水汽主要来自阿拉伯海向东转向的水汽输送,该水汽输送由高原西南地区进入高原。在500 h Pa位势高度场上,初夏(盛夏)降水两种主要空间分布型的位势高度差异以经(纬)向差异为主,且影响高原降水异常分布的系统多为深厚系统。
文摘利用1980—2012年NCEP/NCAR逐6 h海平面气压再分析资料及定义的气旋客观识别方法,统计分析了春末夏初江淮地区气旋活动频数和强度的气候特征及其年际、年代际变化。结果表明:5—7月江淮地区存在明显的气旋活动高频中心,5、6月高频中心位于两湖盆地之间;7月北移,淮河以南频数较高。20世纪80—90年代江淮气旋活动频数偏少,强度偏弱;21世纪初期的10 a间气旋活动频数偏多,强度偏强。气旋活动频数多发年与少发年500 h Pa均出现稳定的长波环流结构,但仍存在显著差异。多发年两个南支槽向南伸展直达阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾地区,少发年仅出现孟加拉湾南支槽。多发年,对流层低层华南至江淮地区存在气旋式环流辐合异常中心,高层则出现辐散异常。西风带上的异常扰动沿着副热带急流向东亚地区传播能量,导致东部地区出现异常气旋式环流,为江淮气旋的发生提供了有利的环流背景。
文摘采用均一性较好的逐日温度资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和DMSP/OLS卫星夜晚灯光数据,基于Gis工具及Observe Minus Reanalysis(OMR)方法,定量分析了1961—2010年的大气环流背景下城市化对长江中下游地区温度变化趋势的影响。结果表明:长江中下游地区夏季温度总体呈上升趋势,上升幅度以最低温度>平均温度>最高温度,从而导致日较差呈下降趋势,其变化与城市发展水平相吻合。另外,城市化对温度趋势的贡献以日较差>最低温度>平均温度>最高温度,其中大都市的贡献率最大。强(弱)副高年城市化使长江中下游地区夏季温度升高(降低),强副高年大城市对温度的响应较大,而弱副高年中等城市对温度的响应较大。
文摘利用新疆阿勒泰地区7站1961~2010年夏季(6~8月)逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,运用线性趋势、突变分析、滑动t检验及合成分析等方法,分析该地区夏季极端降水事件的变化规律及其环流特征。结果表明:(1)大部分站夏季极端降水事件年变化趋势不显著,但存在明显的年代际变化,1980年代以前偏少,1980年代后期之后呈偏多态势;(2)夏季极端降水事件未出现显著性突变,表明该地区各站夏季极端降水事件发生率基本稳定;(3)阿勒泰地区夏季极端降水事件不仅与同期700 h Pa和500 h Pa高纬度的冷空气活动、西西伯利亚低槽的强度和位置及中低纬度副热带系统是否活跃有关,还与同期200 h Pa副热带急流的位置及30°N^42°N的西风急流连续性、赤道东风急流是否加强及东风零线的位置明显相关;(4)偏西路径与偏南路径水汽汇合是阿勒泰地区夏季极端降水事件偏多的主要原因之一。
