Treatment of Wastewater from Pharmaceutical Intermittent Production by Fe/C-Fenton-Hydrolysis Acidification-A/O Process

The design and running effect of treatment of wastewater from pharmaceutical intermittent production by iron-carbon（Fe/C）-Fentonhydrolysis acidification-anoxic/aerobic（A/O）process were introduced.The results of continuous operation showed that when the flow rate of the influent wastewater was 300 m^3/d,after the influent high-concentration wastewater（CODCrand NH4＋-N concentration were 35 000 and 1 000 mg/L,respectively）and medium-concentration wastewater（CODCrand NH4＋-N concentration were 1 500 and 100 mg/L,respectively）were treated by the process,CODCrand NH4＋-N concentration in the effluent decreased to 360-410 and 20-25 mg/L,respectively,and the quality of the effluent could meet the Grade III standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard（GB 8978-1996）.The combined process was proved to be an effective method to treat wastewater from pharmaceutical intermittent production,and its operation was stable.

Hydrolysis and acidification of activated sludge from a petroleum refinery

The cost-effective treatment of activated sludge that is generated by refining petroleum is a challenging industrial problem.In this study, semi-continuous stirred tank reactors(CSTRs) containing petroleum refinery excess activated sludge(PREAS)were used to comparatively investigate hydrolysis and acidification rates, after the addition of heneicosane(C_(21)H_(44))(R1)and 1-phenylnaphthalene(C16 H12)(R2) to different and individual reactors. Operation of the reactors using a sludge retention time(SRT) of 6 days and a pH of 5.0, resulted in the maintenance of stable biological activity as determined by soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD), volatile fatty acids(VFAs) production and oil removal efficiency. The optimum conditions for hydrogen production include a SRT of 8 days, at pH 6.5. Under these conditions, hydrogen production rates in the control containing only PREAS were 1567 mL/L(R0), compared with 1365 mL/L in Rl and 1454 mL/L-PREAS in R2.Coprothermobacter, Fervidobacterium, Caldisericum and Tepidiphilus were the dominant bacterial genera that have the potential to degrade petroleum compounds and generate VFAs. This study has shown that high concentrations of heneicosane and 1-phenylnaphthalene did not inhibit the hydrolytic acidification of PREAS.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY{4-[2-(tert-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILOXY)ETHYL]STYRENE}AND ITS HYDROLYSIS DERIVATIVE

The living cationic polymerization of 4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)ethyl]styrene (TBDMES) was studied in methylcyclohexane (MeChx)/methylchloride (MeCl) (50/50 V/V) solvent mixture at -80 degrees C. The initiator 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) capped 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl) was formed in situ in conjunction with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)). The Lewis acidity of TiCl(4) was decreased by the addition of titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)(4)) to accomplish living polymerization of TBDMES. Hydrolysis of poly(TBDMES) in the presence of tetra-butylammonium fluoride yielded poly[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)styrene] (poly(HOES)). FT-IR, NMR and DSC demonstrated the hydrolysis was complete.

微电解-芬顿-水解酸化-MBBR组合工艺在溴阻燃剂废水处理中的应用

溴阻燃剂废水具有难降解有机物含量高、废水毒性大、COD_(Cr)浓度高、B/C低、可生化性差的特点,处理难度大,采用微电解-芬顿-水解酸化-MBBR组合工艺对山东某化工有限公司污水处理站进行改造,代替原有的活性污泥工艺,系统运行结果表明:经组合工艺处理后溴阻燃剂废水的COD_(Cr)质量浓度由7 500 mg/L降到800 mg/L,COD_(Cr)去除率接近90%,去除效果明显,并且系统能够长时间连续稳定运行,说明该组合工艺在溴阻燃剂废水处理中具有一定的推广应用价值。

Pig Liver Esterase-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Three Diesters of meso-Bicyclic Dicarboxylic Acid and Three Tetraesters of Tetrahydrofuran -2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic Acid

Three diesters of exo- syn-meso-oxabicyclo (2, 2, 1 ) -hept- 5- ene- 2, 3- dicarboxylic acid and three tetraesters of tetrahydrofuran-2, 3, 4, 5-tetracarboxylic acid were synthesized and tested with enantioselective hydrolysis catalyzed by pig liver esterase(PLE). The results of the PLEcatalyzed hydrolysis were discussed.

预处理-水解酸化-接触氧化处理汽车配件废水研究

通过将物化预处理和水解酸化-接触氧化工艺组合,对汽车配件废水的污染物去除效率和微生物的生物活性进行了研究。结果表明,物化预处理过程中对汽车配件废水的最佳组合为:pH为9.97,PAM为2.67 mg/L,PAC为1.59 g/L,最佳组合下对COD去除效率最高达到80.0%。水解酸化-接触氧化工艺对物化预处理后的废水,在HRT为10 h、DO为2~3 mg/L时,其主要污染物指标BOD5和COD的去除率分别高达92.7%±0.53%和88.2%±0.27%。激光共聚焦图像表明水解酸化池和接触氧化池的生物活性较高,有利于微生物对废水中的污染物进行降解。

Alkaline Hydrolysis of PP/EHDPET Blend Fibers

Polypropylene superfine fibers or cell porous fibers were prepared from the bi-component blend fibers of polypropylene/easlly hydro-degraded polyester(PP/EHDPET)by alkaline hydrolysis process. EHDPET is a kind of copolyester that can be rapidly hydro-degraded in the hot alkaline solution. This paper discussed the kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of EHDPET, and the effect of catalyst, bulk ratio and the content of polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) on the alkaline hydrolysis process. Meanwhile, the morphological change of the outer surface of blend fibers during this process was also investigated by the technology of scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Quantum Chemical Calculation on Preparation of YBa＿2Cu＿3O＿（7－δ） Powders by Hydrolysis of Metal Alkoxides

The structural characteristics of different alkoxides of Y. Ba and Cu are studied with quantum chemi-cal CNDO /2 calculations. The relative hydrolysis rate coefficients k_M of them are obtained according tothe relationship between frontier orbitals and organic chemical reactions. Based on the above results. properexperimental conditions for the preparation of homogeneous ultra-purity. submicro high-T_cYBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) superconducting powders are proposed.

厨余果蔬垃圾压榨液对AAO-MBR污水处理系统的影响分析

针对厨余和果蔬垃圾压榨液及水解酸化液作为污水处理系统外加碳源的可行性进行研究。测定了在AAO-MBR工艺污水处理系统中分别加入厨余垃圾压榨液、果蔬垃圾压榨液、经过水解酸化的果蔬垃圾压榨液,污水处理系统出水中化学需氧量(COD)与总氮(TN)指标,经检测,按一定比例在污水处理系统中加入以上浆液后,出水水质均可满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2016)一级A标准,并且出水水质优于未加浆液组。结果表明,厨余垃圾压榨液、果蔬垃圾压榨液、经过水解酸化后的果蔬垃圾压榨液均可作为补充碳源,加入污水处理系统,提升污水处理效能;通过生产性验证可知,厨余垃圾压榨液按照1‰比例进入污水处理系统,不会影响系统出水水质,并且可部分甚至全部替代传统外加碳源(如乙酸钠等),降低污水处理厂碳源药剂成本。

水解酸化-AAO工艺处理果蔬垃圾压榨废水的研究

针对果蔬垃圾压榨生产废水,采用水解酸化-AAO处理工艺进行了实验研究,考察水力停留时间、COD浓度对系统的影响。实验结果表明:在水解酸化池与AAO水力停留时间分别为24 h、10 d,好氧池MLSS浓度为7500~9000 mg/L条件下,系统进水COD,NH3-N,TN,TP分别为4529~13600 mg/L,224~715 mg/L,337~1160 mg/L,98~155 mg/L,pH为6.0~7.4,连续稳定运行45 d,COD去除率大于97%。最终出水水质满足国家规定的排入城镇下水道的水质要求。

Development of combined coagulation-hydrolysis acidification-dynamic membrane bioreactor system for treatment of oilfield polymer-flooding wastewater

A combined system composed of coagulation, hydrolysis acidification and dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) was developed for treating the wastewater produced from polymer flooding. Performance and mechanism of the combined system as well as its respective units were also evaluated. The combined system has shown high-capacity to remove all contaminants in the influent. In this work, the coagulant, polyacrylamide-dimethyldiallyammonium chloride-butylacrylate terpolymer (P(DMDAAC-AM-BA)), integrated with demulsifier (SD-46) could remove 91.8% of crude oil and 70.8% of COD. Hydrolysis acidification unit improved the biodegradability of the influent and the experimental results showed that the highest acidification efficiency in hydrolysis acidification reactor was 20.36% under hydraulic retention time of 7h. The DMBR proceeded efficiently without serious blockage process of membrane fouling, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), oil, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand in effluent were determined to be 3.4±2.1, 0.3±0.6, 89.7±21.3 and 13±4.7 mg/L.

水解酸化-SBR工艺处理果汁废水的研究

采用水解酸化-SBR工艺，对浓缩果汁生产废水处理进行了试验研究，结果表明：当进水COD浓度为3500～5000mg／L，pH为6．5～7．5，在水解酸化池水力停留时间为8h，SBR反应池MLSS浓度3500～4000mg／L，进水15min，曝气7h，沉淀1h，出水15min的条件下，出水COD去除率保持在97％以E，SS去除率达93％以上。且以水解酸化作为预处理单元可去除果汁废水中的SS达78％以上，为后续SBR工艺的稳定运行创造有利条件，提高组合工艺的整体效果。

水解酸化-缺氧生物法处理油田废水的机理

采用水解酸化-缺氧生物法对经物化预处理的油田废水进行试验研究.当进水COD为190～230mg/L,水解酸化段和缺氧段停留时间分别为10,48h时,出水COD为75～83mg/L.运用GC/MS分析油田废水有机污染物在工艺流程中相对组分变化的规律,表明水解酸化和缺氧法处理油田废水时有协同作用,可有效降解废水中酚类化合物、酮类化合物、芳烃和BTEX.运用PCR-DGGE技术,考察不同生物反应器内微生物种群及其分布特征,初步确定水解酸化和缺氧反应器内的优势菌种.

水解酸化-SBR工艺处理印染废水的研究

用水解酸化-SBR工艺处理印染废水的实验结果表明,出水COD平均为102mg/L,COD去除率平均为89.9%,色度去除率平均为70%.在实际工程中应用水解酸化(A)-好氧(O)-SBR工艺处理印染废水,出水COD平均为67mg/L,COD去除率平均为81.5%,色度去除率平均为66.7%.表明以水解酸化为预处理手段可有效提高印染废水的可生化性,提高整个工艺的COD去除率.

炼化污水中低温水解酸化性能及微生物特性对比

以炼化污水为研究对象,对比了中温和低温条件下的水解酸化性能、微生物群落结构和功能。中温(35℃)水解酸化更利于COD去除(40.51%)和水质可生化性提高(BOD_(5)/COD提高至0.53),而低温(15℃)COD去除率和BOD_(5)/COD仅为20.96%和0.26。中温条件有助于难降解化合物(O_(3)S_(1)和O_(4)S_(1))的水解转化,与低温水解酸化相比,中温条件能够产生更多种类的小分子有机物。水解酸化微生物的宏基因组测序结果表明中温条件更利于微生物生长,有机物降解菌unclassified_p_Chloroflexi和可分泌水解酶的unclassified_o_Bacteroidales丰度较高。中温水解酸化富集了ko00643(苯乙烯降解)、ko00633(硝基甲苯降解)、ko00622(二甲苯降解)、ko00364(氟苯甲酸酯降解)、ko00642(乙苯降解)和ko00365(糠醛降解)等功能基因,促进了芳香类及含氮污染物的降解和出水可生化性能的提高。本研究揭示了炼化污水中低温水解酸化的水质变化及微生物特性。

铁炭微电解-水解酸化-接触氧化法处理有机硅废水的研究

针对有机硅废水的特性,采用铁炭微电解预处理、水解酸化和接触氧化组合工艺处理有机硅废水。废水经铁炭微电解预处理后COD去除率达40%;水解酸化处理后COD去除率达30%;接触氧化处理后COD去除率达70%;当系统进水COD为750 mg/L时,经过组合工艺处理后,出水COD可降至100 mg/L以下,达到了工业废水排放标准。

水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理锦纶6废水的脱氮特性分析

采用水解酸化-两段生物接触氧化工艺处理锦纶6废水，考察了进水有机负荷对化学需氧量和总氮去除效果的影响，并对系统内的脱氮特性进行了分析。结果表明，当进水有机负荷在1．37～3．95kg·m^-3·d^-1时，化学需氧量去除率较为稳定，总氮去除率呈现先升后降的趋势。水解酸化池内硝化作用、反硝化作用、氨化作用、水解作用和酸化作用同时存在，对氮元素的转化产生重要影响，生物接触氧化池的脱氮主要是通过好氧反硝化反应进行。

Cu^(2+)和Ni^(2+)对水解-MBR工艺处理效能的影响特性

为降低电镀废水中重金属对生物处理系统的冲击,采用水解-膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对电镀综合废水进行处理,以重金属离子Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)为代表,重点研究不同质量浓度的重金属冲击下对水解-MBR工艺处理电镀废水效能的影响,以及水中DOMs与微生物活性的变化情况.结果表明:在Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)质量浓度5~20 mg/L冲击下,水解-MBR组合工艺对COD和NH_4^+-N去除效率分别在75%和45%以上.硝化细菌抗重金属冲击能力较差,水解-MBR组合工艺对重金属Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)的耐受质量浓度可达20 mg/L,而单纯MBR工艺仅为10 mg/L.水解反应器可将污水中HPI大部分转化为HPO-A,改善难降解有机物可生化性,芳香族化合物的含量明显降低.随着重金属Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)质量浓度的升高,MBR反应器内活性污泥的SOUR值逐步下降,但水解-MBR工艺SOUR受重金属的抑制率均比单独MBR工艺低5%左右.由于水解使重金属毒性减弱,水解-MBR系统中微生物的活性较高,系统中EPS含量和出水质量浓度均显著低于单独MBR工艺,且可以有效减少膜表面胶体物质和溶解性有机物形成,降低污泥滤饼层的形成速度,有效减缓膜污染的速率.

水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水机理研究

采用水解酸化一好氧法对经物化预处理的油田废水进行试验研究．当进水COD为190～220mg·L^-1时，水解酸化段和好氧段停留时间均为10h的条件下，出水COD为65-75mg·L^-1，达到GB3550．83第一级Ⅰ类标准．运用GC／MS技术分析油田废水有机污染物在工艺流程中相对组分变化的规律，揭示了水解酸化一好氧法处理油田废水过程中的污染物迁移和降解规律．并运用PCR—DGGE技术，考察不同生物反应器内微生物种群及其分布特征，初步确定水解酸化和好氧反应器内的优势菌种．

不同温度条件水解酸化-好氧工艺处理高矿化度采油废水

采用不同温度组合的水解酸化-好氧工艺对胜利油田某联合处理站经过"隔油-混凝-过滤"处理的高矿化度采油废水进行处理。结果表明:水解酸化反应器内的微生物能够适应高温(55℃)的环境,而好氧反应器中微生物的活性会受到高温较大的抑制;"高温水解酸化-中温好氧工艺"和"中温水解酸化-中温好氧工艺"可以使出水COD达到低于80 mg/L的外排要求,停留时间分别为15 h和7.5 h。采用水解酸化-好氧工艺处理高矿化度油田采油废水是可行的。