Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle batteries.Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate solution.Maximum fluoride remo...Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle batteries.Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate solution.Maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr solubility.Fluoride availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous species.Fluoride removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate kinetics.Fluoride removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free solution.HZO maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Brazilian research funding agencies Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)for the postdoctoral scholarshipresearch fellow National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq-Process 308044/20185)+1 种基金Minas Gerais State Agency for Research and Development(FAPEMIG)the financial support from the University of Queensland Research Stimulus Allocation 2(Fellowships)scheme for the year of 2021 for awarding a post-doctoral fellowship。
文摘Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle batteries.Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate solution.Maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr solubility.Fluoride availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous species.Fluoride removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate kinetics.Fluoride removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free solution.HZO maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.
