An investigation of the effects of dust storms on rat lung using HRCT and blood gas analysis

The increasing intensity and frequency of sand-dust storms in China has led to greater prominence of associated environmentaland health issues. Many studies have focused on the health effects of air particulate contaminants, but fewformal investigations have studied the effects of sand-dust storms on human and animal health. The aim of this study wasto investigate the effects of dust storms on rat lung by using high resolution computed tomography （HRCT） and blood gasanalysis through a wind tunnel simulating. We found that the rat lung damage effects can be detected by the HRCT imagingafter exposure to sand-dust storm environments, but had no obvious result through blood gas analysis. Exposure durationspositively correlated with the damage degree to lung tissue. These will provide some evidence for clinical diagnosis ofnon-occupational pneumoconiosis.

Effects of Hyperventilation on Venous-Arterial Bicarbonate Concentration Difference: A Possible Pitfall in Venous Blood Gas Analysis

Objectives: Recent reports on venous blood gas analysis have shown that venous bicarbonate concentration is useful in the evaluation of the body acid-base status. Most of these reports have been based on the Bland-Altman analysis comparing arterial and venous blood gas values. We intended to elucidate any factors that decrease the agreement between venous and arterial bicarbonate concentrations, which might impair the usefulness of venous blood gas analysis. Methods: Healthy volunteers and patients with various diseases (n = 141) were evaluated by simultaneous arterial and venous blood sampling and Bland-Altman analysis. The venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference was compared between healthy volunteers and untreated respiratory alkalosis patients. Intentional hyperventilation (30 or 60 breaths/min, for 3 min) was also performed on 6 healthy volunteers and the venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference was evaluated. Results: The relative average bias in bicarbonate concentration was 2.00 mEq/l with venous bicarbonate higher than arterial bicarbonate with 95% limits of agreement of ±4.15 mEq/l. Hyperventilation challenges increased the venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference in an intensity-dependent manner. The venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference was higher in untreated respiratory alkalosis patients than in healthy volunteers (P Conclusion: Although venous bicarbonate may be useful to evaluate the body acid-base status, hyperventilation increases the venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference. Physicians should keep this phenomenon in mind.

Effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on Pulmonary Function, Blood Gas Analysis Index, Serum PCT and CRP Expression in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on pulmonary function, blood gas analysis index, serum PCT and CRP expression in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A total of 88 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital of Anhui Province from December 2014 to December 2016 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 44 cases in each group. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was given Suhuang Zhike Capsule on the basis of the treatment method of the control group. After 7 days' treatment, the improvement of lung function indexes were observed and evaluated before and after treatment(forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV_1), forced expiratory volume occupancy in the 1^(st) second percentage of vital capacity(FEVl/FVC), peak expiatory flow(PEF)), blood gas analysis index(Arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO_2) and arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO_2), oxygenation index(OI)) and serum cytokine levels(procalcitonin(PCT) and C reactive protein(CRP). RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The FEV_1, FEV_1/FVC and PEF in 2 groups were significantly increased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the above lung function indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group(P < 0.05). PaO_2 and OI were significantly increased after the treatment(P < 0.05), PaCO_2 was significantly decreased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement of above blood gas analysis indexes were significantly superior of the observation group than the control group(P < 0.05). The serum PCT and CRP levels in 2 groups were significantly decreased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement in the observation group were more significant than that in the control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Suhuang Zhike Capsule can inhibit serum inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, improve blood gas analysis indicators, and improve lung functions.

Clinical significance of coagulation function combined with blood gas analysis and serum NT-proBNP detection in COPD patients

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of coagulation function, blood gas analysis and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level detection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: A total of 98 cases of COPD patients were selected and divided per different disease courses. For COPD acute exacerbation (AECOPD) stage, 53 patients were selected and set as group A. 45 cases of COPD patients in COPD stable stage were set as group B, and 50 cases of healthy people who received physical examination in our hospital in the corresponding period were collected and set as healthy controls (group C). Levels of PT, APTT, TT, Fbg, D-D, PaCO2, PaO2 and serum NT-proBNP in the whole 3 groups of patients were detected. Differences of index levels among the 3 groups and between before and after treatment in AECOPD patients were compared separately. The correlations of NT-proBNP, coagulation relevant indexes and arterial blood gas relevant indexes were analyzed.Results: (1) PT, APTT in group A and PT, APTT in group B were obviously longer than which in group C, and group A showed more significant variations. (2) Fbg, D-D, PaCO2, NT-proBNP in group A and Fbg, D-D, PaCO2, NT-proBNP in group B were obviously higher than which in group C;But PaO2 in group A and PaO2 in group B were significantly lower than which in group C;Group A showed more significant variations. (3) After treatment, PT and APTT in AECOPD patients were shorter than which before treatment, Fbg, D-D, PaCO2 and NT-proBNP were lower than before treatment, but PaO2 was higher than before treatment. (4) TT in group A were significantly longer than in group C, and differences showed no significance on comparison of TT between patients of group A and B, B and C and within A before and after treatment. (5) NT-proBNP in COPD patients showed significantly positive correlation separately with APTT, Fbg, D-D and PaCO2, showed significantly negative correlation with PaO2, but showed no obvious correlation with PT.Conclusion: Coagulation function and blood gas analysis combined with serum NT-proBNP level detection could better judge the severity of COPD. It shows significant reference value on clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring and evaluation for COPD patients.

The influence of ganglioside on the blood gas analysis and serum inflammatory cytokines in newborns with anoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Objective:To observe the influence of ganglioside on the blood gas analysis and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in newborns with anoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Method: A total of 100 newborns with anoxic ischemic encephalopathy in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group and the observation group. Conventional oxygen inhalation, reducing intracranial pressure, controlling eclampsia and neurotrophic drug treatment were given to the observation group. Treatment of ganglioside was given to the control group on the basis of observation group. Blood gas analysis and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected before treatment (T0), 3 d after treatment (T1), and 7 d after treatment (T2).Result: (1) The comparison of pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2 in the two groups in T0 was not statistically significant. The comparison of pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2 in T0, T1, T2 was considered to be statistically significant. Among these, the result of comparision of pH, PaO2, SaO2: T0<T1<T2. comparision of PaCO2: T0>T1>T2. The pH, PaO2, SaO2 in observation group were higher, PaCO2 in observation group was lower compared with that in control group in T1 and T2. The difference was considered to be statistically significant. (2) The comparision of IL-2, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α in the two groups in T0 was not statistically significant. IL-2 in the observation in T1 and T2 was higher than that in the control group, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α in the observation in T1 and T2 was lower than that in the control group. The difference was considered to be statistically significant.Conclusion: Ganglioside can improve blood gas analysis indexes, decrease the serum inflammatory cytokines in newborns with anoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Effects of terbutaline combined with methylprednisolone on pulmonary function, blood gas analysis and inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective: To investigate the effects of terbutaline combined with methylprednisolone on pulmonary function, blood gas analysis and inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 100 patients with COPD were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and observation group (n=50) according to the lottery method. Both groups were treated with conventional therapy. On this basis, the control group was given inhalation of terbutaline. The observation group was given terbutaline inhalation and combination therapy with methylprednisolone. The changes of lung function, changes of blood gas analysis and inflammatory factors were measured before and after treatment in both groups. Results: There were no significant differences in lung function between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the levels of FVC and FEV1 in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and that of the observation group was higher than those of the control group. Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups. After treatment, PaO2 levels in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and that of the observation group was higher than those of the control group. After treatment, PaCO2 levels in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group after treatment. There were no significant differences in the levels of inflammatory factors between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the levels of PCT and TNF-α in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and those of the observation group was lower than those of the control group after treatment. Conclusion: The effect of Terbutaline combined with methylprednisolone treatment of COPD is better, which can significantly improve lung function, stable blood gas analysis, reduce the concentration of inflammatory factors, and be a potential effective treatment programs.

Blood gas analysis as a surrogate for microhemodynamic monitoring in sepsis

BACKGROUND:Emergency patients with sepsis or septic shock are at high risk of death.Despite increasing attention to microhemodynamics,the clinical use of advanced microcirculatory assessment is limited due to its shortcomings.Since blood gas analysis is a widely used technique reflecting global oxygen supply and consumption,it may serve as a surrogate for microcirculation monitoring in septic treatment.METHODS:We performed a search using PubMed,Web of Science,and Google scholar.The studies and reviews that were most relevant to septic microcirculatory dysfunctions and blood gas parameters were identified and included.RESULTS:Based on the pathophysiology of oxygen metabolism,the included articles provided a general overview of employing blood gas analysis and its derived set of indicators for microhemodynamic monitoring in septic care.Notwithstanding flaws,several parameters are linked to changes in the microcirculation.A comprehensive interpretation of blood gas parameters can be used in order to achieve hemodynamic optimization in septic patients.CONCLUSION:Blood gas analysis in combination with clinical performance is a reliable alternative for microcirculatory assessments.A deep understanding of oxygen metabolism in septic settings may help emergency physicians to better use blood gas analysis in the evaluation and treatment of sepsis and septic shock.

Use of sodium bicarbonate and blood gas monitoring in diabetic ketoacidosis: A review

Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) is a severe and toocommon complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Acidosis is one of the fundamental disruptions stemming from the disease process, the complications of which are potentially lethal. Hydration and insulin administration have been the cornerstones of DKA therapy; however, adjunctive treatments such as the use of sodium bicarbonate and protocols that include serial monitoring with blood gas analysis have been much more controversial. There is substantial literature available regarding the use of exogenous sodium bicarbonate in mild to moderately severe acidosis; the bulk of the data argue against significant benefit in important clinical outcomes and suggest possible adverse effects with the use of bicarbonate. However, there is scant data to support or refute the role of bicarbonate therapy in very severe acidosis. Arterial blood gas(ABG) assessment is an element of some treatment protocols, including society guidelines, for DKA. We review the evidence supporting these recommendations. In addition, we review the data supporting some less cumbersome tests, including venous blood gas assessment and routine chemistries. It remains unclear that measurement of blood gas pH, via arterial or venous sampling, impacts management of the patient substantially enough to warrant the testing, especially if sodium bicarbonate administration is not being considered. There are special circumstances when serial ABG monitoring and/or sodium bicarbonate infusion are necessary, which we also review. Additional studies are needed to determine the utility of these interventions in patients with severe DKA and pH less than 7.0.

Algorithm-based arterial blood sampling recognition increasing safety in point-of-care diagnostics

AIM To detect blood withdrawal for patients with arterial blood pressure monitoring to increase patient safety and provide better sample dating.METHODS Blood pressure information obtained from a patient monitor was fed as a real-time data stream to an experimental medical framework. This framework was connected to an analytical application which observes changes in systolic, diastolic and mean pressure to determine anomalies in the continuous data stream. Detection was based on an increased mean blood pressure caused by the closing of the withdrawal three-way tap and an absence of systolic and diastolic measurements during this manipulation. For evaluation of the proposed algorithm, measured data from animal studies in healthy pigs were used.RESULTS Using this novel approach for processing real-time measurement data of arterial pressure monitoring, the exact time of blood withdrawal could be successfully detected retrospectively and in real-time. The algorithm was able to detect 422 of 434(97%) blood withdrawals for blood gas analysis in the retrospective analysis of 7 study trials. Additionally, 64 sampling events for other procedures like laboratory and activated clotting time analyses were detected. The proposed algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 0.97, a precision of 0.96 and an F1 score of 0.97.CONCLUSION Arterial blood pressure monitoring data can be used toperform an accurate identification of individual blood samplings in order to reduce sample mix-ups and thereby increase patient safety.

神经外科病人术后ICP增高与高碳酸血症的临床相关性研究

目的:探讨NICU术后持续ICP监测病人发生ICP升高的临床意义及其与术后高碳酸血症的相关性。方法:对428例行神经外科开颅手术并安装颅内皮层下颅内压探头的NICU患者,术后给予持续颅内压监测,进行血气分析,判断有无CO2潴留、高碳酸血症。结果:153例患者术后有ICP升高,其中32例患者血气分析结果提示CO2蓄积,占20.91%;改善患者通气情况,及时纠正高碳酸血症可有效降低ICP。结论:术后ICP水平与机体CO2潴留、高碳酸血症的严重程度呈正相关。

Lung ultrasound score evaluation of the effect of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed on patients undergoing laparoscopicassisted radical gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy(LARG)is the standard treatment for early-stage gastric carcinoma(GC).However,the negative impact of this proce-dure on respiratory function requires the optimized intraoperative management of patients in terms of ventilation.AIM To investigate the influence of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed(PCV-VG)and volume-controlled ventilation(VCV)on blood gas analysis and pulmonary ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC based on the lung ultrasound score(LUS).METHODS The study included 103 patients with GC undergoing LARG from May 2020 to May 2023,with 52 cases undergoing PCV-VG(research group)and 51 cases undergoing VCV(control group).LUS were recorded at the time of entering the operating room(T0),20 minutes after anesthesia with endotracheal intubation(T1),30 minutes after artificial pneumoperitoneum(PP)establishment(T2),and 15 minutes after endotracheal tube removal(T5).For blood gas analysis,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_(2))and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2))were observed.Peak airway pressure(P_(peak)),plateau pressure(Pplat),mean airway pressure(P_(mean)),and dynamic pulmonary compliance(C_(dyn))were recorded at T1 and T2,1 hour after PP establishment(T3),and at the end of the operation(T4).Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)were recorded.Pre-and postoperative serum interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Compared with those at T0,the whole,anterior,lateral,posterior,upper,lower,left,and right lung LUS of the research group were significantly reduced at T1,T2,and T5;in the control group,the LUS of the whole and partial lung regions(posterior,lower,and right lung)decreased significantly at T2,while at T5,the LUS of the whole and some regions(lateral,lower,and left lung)increased significantly.In comparison with the control group,the whole and regional LUS of the research group were reduced at T1,T2,and T5,with an increase in PaO_(2),decrease in PaCO_(2),reduction in P_(peak) at T1 to T4,increase in P_(mean) and C_(dyn),and decrease in Pplat at T4,all significant.The research group showed a significantly lower incidence of PPCs than the control group within 3 days postoperatively.Postoperative IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αsignificantly increased in both groups,with even higher levels in the control group.CONCLUSION LUS can indicate intraoperative non-uniformity and postural changes in pulmonary ventilation under PCV-VG and VCV.Under the lung protective ventilation strategy,the PCV-VG mode more significantly improved intraop-erative lung ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC and reduced lung injury-related cytokine production,thereby alleviating lung injury.

Neuroprotection of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in sub-acute traumatic brain injury:not by immediately improving cerebral oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure

Although hyperbaric oxygen （HBO） therapy can promote the recovery of neural function in patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury （TBI）, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen treatment plays a neuroprotective role in TBI by increasing regional transcranial oxygen saturation （rSO2） and oxygen partial pressure （PaO2）. To test this idea, we compared two groups： a control group with 20 healthy people and a treatment group with 40 TBI patients. The 40 patients were given 100% oxygen of HBO for 90 minutes. Changes in rSO2 were measured. The controls were also examined for rSO2 and PaO2, but received no treatment, rSO2 levels in the patients did not differ significantly after treatment, but levels before and after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group. PaO2 levels were significantly decreased after the 30-minute HBO treatment. Our findings suggest that there is a disorder of oxygen metabolism in patients with sub-acute TBI. HBO does not immediately affect cerebral oxygen metabolism, and the underlying mechanism still needs to be studied in depth.

肺脏疾病患者血流变与临床生化指标观察

在肺脏疾病的发生及发展过程中，患者血液流变性可出现异常．本文对６２例肺脏疾病患者的血液流变及临床生物化学指标检测结果进行对比，表明血液流变指标的改变与生物化指标明显相关，现将结果报告如关．

Roles of preoperative arterial blood gas tests in the surgical treatment of scoliosis with moderate or severe pulmonary dysfunction

Background It has been stated that preoperative pulmonary function tests are essential to assess the surgical risk in patients with scoliosis.Arterial blood gas tests have also been used to evaluate pulmonary function before scoliotic surgery.However,few studies have been reported.The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of preoperative arterial blood gas tests in the surgical treatment of scoliosis with moderate or severe pulmonary dysfunction.Methods This study involved scoliotic patients with moderate or severe pulmonary dysfunction （forced vital capacity 〈60%） who underwent surgical treatment between January 2002 and April 2010.A total of 73 scoliotic patients （23 males and 50 females） with moderate or severe pulmonary dysfunction were included.The average age of the patients was 16.53 years （ranged 10-44）.The demographic distribution,medical records,and radiographs of all patients were collected.All patients received arterial blood gas tests and pulmonary function tests before surgery.The arterial blood gas tests included five parameters：partial pressure of arterial oxygen,partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide,alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient,pH,and standard bases excess.The pulmonary function tests included three parameters：forced expiratory volume in 1 second ratio,forced vital capacity ratio,and peak expiratory flow ratio.All five parameters of the arterial blood gas tests were compared between the two groups with or without postoperative pulmonary complications by variance analysis.Similarly,all three parameters of the pulmonary function tests were compared.Results The average coronal Cobb angle before surgery was 97.42° （range,50°-180°）.A total of 15 （20.5%） patients had postoperative pulmonary complications,including hypoxemia in 5 cases （33.3%）,increased requirement for postoperative ventilatory support in 4 （26.7%）,pneumonia in 2 （13.3%）,atelectasis in 2 （13.3%）,pneumothorax in 1 （6.7%）,and hydrothorax in 1 （6.7%）.No significant differences in demographic characteristics or perioperative factors （P 〉0.05） existed between the two groups with or without postoperative pulmonary complications.According to the variance analysis,there were no statistically significant differences in any parameter of the arterial blood gas tests between the two groups.Conclusions No significant correlation between the results of the preoperative arterial blood gas tests and postoperative pulmonary complications existed in scoliotic patients with moderate or severe pulmonary dysfunction.However,the postoperative complications tended to increase with the decrease of partial pressure of arterial oxygen in the arterial blood gas tests.

Protective effect of Renqing Changjue on acute respiratory distress syndrome in rabbits

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Renqing Changjue has a protective effect on acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)induced by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in rabbits.METHODS Thirty-six healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group,model group,dexamethasone group,Renqing Changjue high,middle and low dose group,with six rabbits in each group.LPS was used to replicate the ARDS model after five consecutive days of gavage.Arterial pressure,respiratory rate and anal temperature blood were recorded for arterial blood gas analysis at 0,0.5,1,2 and 4 h,respectively.At the end of the four-hour experiment,rabbits were killed by bloodletting,and the lung tissue was quickly removed to determine the cytokines,SOD,MDA and pathological examination of rabbit lung.RESULTS Renqing Changjue can significantly reduce the pathological changes of lung in ARDS model group.The expression of AQP1 and MPO in rabbit lung was significantly decreased by immunohistochemistry(P<0.05),reduce the lung wet/dry weight ratio,increase the ratio of PaO_(2)/FiO_(2),inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and scavenge free radicals and antioxidant effects.CONCLUSION Renqing Changjue can effectively protect rabbits with acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by LPS,and may protect the lung by inhibiting the release of cytokines and anti-oxidation.

Surgical Preparation of a Permanent Carotid Transposition in Sheep

In large animal research, when frequent sampling of arterial blood is needed, the carotid artery transposition is the most used technique. The objective of this paper is to describe a new technique for carotid artery transposition in sheep and evaluate its effectiveness using the echo-Doppler ultrasound. The animals enrolled in this study had their carotid surgically elevated to the subcutaneous level, by suturing underneath muscles sternocephalic and brachiocephalic. None of the animals that underwent the procedure in this study had trans- or postoperative complications. Six months after the suture removal, all animals presented patent ca-rotids by echo-Doppler ultrasound. This is an easy and safe procedure for carrying out experiments that re-quire the collection of arterial blood.

Determination of Chlorpyrifos in Human Blood by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extracted with a mixed solvent of hexane and acetonitrile.Chlorpyrifos was well separated from the internal standard.The linear range of chlorpyrifos was 0.01-2 μg/ml in blood.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated at 0.002 and 0.01μg/ml,respectively.The inter-and intra-day precisions,accuracy,and recovery were assessed to verify this method.The results showed that the developed method is rapid,sensitive,and reliable.It is suitable for the determination of chlorpyrifos in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.

The model of pulmonary embolism caused by autologous thrombus in rabbits

Objective:To establish a model of pulmonary embolism in rabbits by using autologous thrombosis of rabbit ear vein, to study the method of establishing acute pulmonary embolism by using autologous thrombus and to explore the diagnostic value of oxygen partial pressure in acute pulmonary embolism.Methods: Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into normal group (n=5), 7 h group, 24h group, 1 week after model establishment Group. The arterial blood gas analysis was performed on the carotid arteries of rabbits at 7 h, 24 h and 1 W after modeling.Results: Normal group oxygen partial pressure (93.15 ± 2.26) mmHg, 7 h group oxygen partial pressure (81.98 ± 1.94) mmHg, 24 h group oxygen partial pressure (84.55 ± 2.18) mmHg, 1 W group oxygen partial pressure (92.66 ± 1.92) mmHg. Normal group oxygen partial pressure and 7 h group, 24 h group oxygen partial pressure, P value was less than 0.05 and less than 0.01, indicating that the difference was statistically significant. Normal group oxygen partial pressure and 1 week group oxygen partial pressure, P value greater than 0.05, indicating that the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The oxygen partial pressure was reduced at 7 h after the establishment of the acute pulmonary embolism model and failed to return to normal within 24 h. After 1 week, the embolus began to dissolve, the respiratory and circulatory system was reestablished, and the oxygen partial pressure gradually Return to normal level. Indicating that there is a positive correlation between oxygen partial pressure and acute pulmonary embolism.

Effect of perioperative fetal intrauterine hypoxia on maternal oxidative stress injury after cesarean section

Objective:To study the effect of perioperative fetal intrauterine hypoxia on maternal oxidative stress injury after cesarean section. Methods:37 puerperae receiving cesarean section for fetal intrauterine hypoxia between May 2014 and December 2016 were selected as hypoxia group and 40 puerperae receiving cesarean section during the same period and without complications during pregnancy or fetal intrauterine hypoxia were selected as control group. Umbilical arterial blood was collected after delivery of placenta for blood gas analysis, and the placenta tissue and serum samples were collected to test the content of oxidative stress products and antioxidants. Results:Umbilical arterial blood gas analysis parameters pH value as well as PO2, HCO3-and BE content of hypoxia group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05);NADPH, reactive oxide species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) content in placenta tissue of hypoxia group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05) while glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Trx, vitamin C (VitC), VitE and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) content were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α(8-iso-PGF2α) content of hypoxia group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Perioperative fetal intrauterine hypoxia can lead to maternal oxidative stress injury after cesarean section and increase the generation of free radicals and the consumption of antioxidants.

Correlation between the umbilical artery flow ultrasound parameters of intrauterine fetal distress and fetal ischemic hypoxic damage

Objective: To study the correlation between the umbilical artery flow ultrasound parameters of intrauterine fetal distress and fetal ischemic hypoxic damage. Methods: A total of 158 puerperae who gave birth in our hospital between July 2016 and June 2017 were selected and divided into the intrauterine distress group (Apgar<7 points) and normal pregnancy group (Apgar≥7 points) according to the neonatal Apgar score, the umbilical artery flow ultrasound parameters at 24-30 weeks, 31-36 weeks and 37-41 weeks of gestation were determined, and the umbilical arterial blood gas parameters and oxidative stress molecule levels were determined. Results: At 24-30 weeks, 31-36 weeks and 37-41 weeks of gestation, umbilical arterial RI, PI and S/D of intrauterine distress group were significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy group;umbilical arterial pH and PaO2 of intrauterine distress group were significantly lower than those of normal pregnancy group and negatively correlated with RI, PI and S/D while PaCO2 and lactic acid levels were significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy group and positively correlated with RI, PI and S/D;SOD, GSH-px and CAT levels in umbilical artery of intrauterine distress group were significantly lower than those of normal pregnancy group and negatively correlated with RI, PI and S/D while MDA and 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy group and positively correlated with RI, PI and S/D. Conclusion: Umbilical artery flow ultrasound characteristics of intrauterine fetal distress are characterized by the increased resistance and decreased blood flow and are correlated with the degree of fetal hypoxia and oxidative stress.