Effect of Acupuncture on Monoamines and Adenosine Triphosphatase Activityin Lateral Hypothalamic Area of ObeseRats

Objective: To study the mechanism of acupuncture in treating simple obesity. Methods: Central nerve push-pull perfusion and biochemical technique were used to observe the effect of acupuncture on the obese parameters, changes of monoamine transmitters and activity of ATPase in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of obese rats. Results: Noradrenaline (NA) level in LHA of obese rats was higher but serotonin (5-HT) level and ATPase activity were lower than those in normal rats. After acupuncture treatment, in the same time of reducing body weight, NA level in LHA of rats was reduced, and 5-HT level and ATPase activity in it were increased.(P<0.05 and P<0.01). Conclusion:The effective regulation on LHA of obese rats is possibly one of the key factors in anti-obesity effect of acupuncture.

Orthodontic tooth separation activates the hypothalamic area in the human brain

OBJECTIVES： An animal experiment clarified that insertion of an orthodontic apparatus activated the trigeminal neurons of the medulla oblongata. Orthodontic tooth movement is known to be associated with the sympathetic nervous system and controlled by the nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, the transmission of both has not been demonstrated in humans. The purpose of this study were to examine the activated cerebral areas using brain functional magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）, when orthodontic tooth separators were inserted, and to confirm the possibility of the transmission route from the medulla oblongata to the hypothalamus.METHODS： Two types of alternative orthodontic tooth separators（brass contact gauge and floss） were inserted into the right upper premolars of 10 healthy volunteers. Brain functional T2＊-weighted images and anatomical T1-weighted images were taken.RESULTS： The blood oxygenation level dependent（BOLD） signals following insertion of a brass contact gauge and floss significantly increased in the somatosensory association cortex and hypothalamic area.CONCLUSION： Our findings suggest the possibility of a transmission route from the medulla oblongata to the hypothalamus.

Lateral Hypothalamic Area Glutamatergic Neurons and Their Projections to the Lateral Habenula Modulate the Anesthetic Potency of Isoflurane in Mice

The lateral hypothalamic area(LHA)plays a pivotal role in regulating consciousness transition,in which orexinergic neurons,GABAergic neurons,and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons are involved.Glutamatergic neurons have a large population in the LHA,but their anesthesia-related effect has not been explored.Here,we found that genetic ablation of LHA glutamatergic neurons shortened the induction time and prolonged the recovery time of isoflurane anesthesia in mice.In contrast,chemogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons increased the time to anesthesia and decreased the time to recovery.Optogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons during the maintenance of anesthesia reduced the burst suppression pattern of the electroencephalogram(EEG)and shifted EEG features to an arousal pattern.Photostimulation of LHA glutamatergic projections to the lateral habenula(LHb)also facilitated the emergence from anesthesia and the transition of anesthesia depth to a lighter level.Collectively,LHA glutamatergic neurons and their projections to the LHb regulate anesthetic potency and EEG features.

Correlation between Surface Area Ratio of Medial to Lateral Tibial Plateau and Knee Alignment in Adults

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the surface area ratio of medial tibial plateau(MTP)to lateral tibial plateau(LTP)and the mechanical tibiofemoral angle(mTFA).Methods Lower limb computed tomography(CT)images were collected at our hospital.Then,the original CT data were analyzed and reconstructed using medical image processing software.The proximal and distal centres of the femur and tibia were marked.The surface areas of MTP and LTP were identified using image processing software.GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 was used to perform the statistical analysis.Results The surface area ratio of MTP to LTP was significantly correlated with the mTFA in all patients(P<0.0001),male group(P<0.0001),female group(P<0.0001),varus group(P<0.0001),and valgus group(P=0.002).Furthermore,the surface area of MTP and LTP was significantly greater in the male group than in the female group(P<0.0001).There was significant difference in the surface area of the MTP between the varus and valgus groups(P<0.0001).Significant difference was also observed in the surface area ratio of MTP to LTP between the varus and valgus groups(P<0.0001).Conclusion The surface area ratio of MTP to LTP was correlated with the mTFA.Within a certain range,the smaller the mTFA,the greater the surface area ratio of MTP to LTP.For patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty,of whom the surface area of the MTP was basically equal to that of the LTP,it is recommended that the osteotomy should be performed in accordance with mechanical alignment standards,and that a symmetrical tibial plateau prosthesis should be used.For patients whose surface area of MTP is significantly greater than that of the LTP,it is recommended that the osteotomy should be performed in accordance with kinematic alignment standards,and that an anatomical tibial plateau prosthesis should be used.

Influences of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus on neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamic area

Stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and (astigial nucleus could influence the neuronal activi-ty of lateral hypothalamic area in the cat, and some of the neurons which respond to the cerebellar stimulations are glucose-sensitive neurons. These results suggest that the cerebellum is involved not only in motor control, but also in the regulation of non-somatic functions through the cerebello-hypothalamic pathways.

Gastric vagal afferent inputs reach the glycemia-sensitive neurons of lateral hypothalamic area in the rat

The glycemia-sensitive neuron in lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is one of the important central neural events involved in the feeding control. Electrophysio-logical studies have demonstrated that gastrointestinal vagal afferent inputs could convey the meal-related information of gastrointestinal tract to the hypothalamus. In this study, we examined whether the gastric vagal afferent inputs could reach the glycemia-sensitive neurons of the LHA by using in vivo extracellular recording technique in the rat. The results showed that stimulation of gastric vagal nerves elicited two types of the LHA neurons responses: the phasic response (93/116, 80.2%) and the change in cells firing pattern (23/116, 19.8%). Within the 93 cells that responded to the gastric vagal stimulation with a phasic response, 67 (72.0%) showed an inhibition in the cells firing rate, 26 (27.4%) were excited. Of the 23 cells that showed a change in the firing pattern, 13 responded to the gastric vagal stimulation with a long-lasting increase or decrease in firing rate, the remaining 10 cells turned their discrete spiking to the burst discharging. In addition, of 101 LHA neurons including the two types of responsive neurons, 73 (72.3%) were identified to be glyce-mia-sensitive neurons. These results demonstrated that the gastric vagal afferent inputs could reach the LHA and pre-dominantly reach those glycemia-sensitive neurons in the LHA. Presumably, the modulation of glycemia-sensitive neurons of LHA by the gastric vagal afferent inputs may play an important role in the short-term regulation of feed-ing behavior.

Effects of cerebellar interpositus nucleus on neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamic area

A growing body of research data showed a multitude of visceral and affective responsesfollowing cerebellar stimulation or cerebellar lesion. These findings implicate that, besidesits somatic function, the cerebellum may also be involved in the control of nonsomatic ac-tivities. However, the pathways through which the cerebellum performs its

Kolmogorov entropy changes and cortical lateralization during complex problem solving task measured with EEG

The objective is to study changes in EEG time-domain Kolmogorov entropy and cortical lateralization of brain function areas during complex problem solving mental task in healthy human subjects. EEG data for healthy subjects are acquired during complex problem solving mental task using a net of 6 electrodes. The subject was given a nontrivial multiplication problem to solve and the signals were recorded for 10s during the task. Kolmogorov entropy values during the task were calculated. It was found that Kolmogorov entropy values were obviously greater in P4 channel (right) than ones in P3 channel (left) during complex problem solving task. It indicated that all subjects presented significant left parietal lateralization for the total frequency spectrum. These results suggest that it may be possible to noninvasively lateralize, and even eventually localize, cerebral regions essential for particular mental tasks from scalp EEG data.

Potentiation of the lateral habenula-ventral tegmental area pathway underlines the susceptibility to depression in mice with chronic pain

Chronic pain often develops severe mood changes such as depression.However,how chronic pain leads to depression remains elusive and the mechanisms determining individuals’responses to depression are largely unexplored.Here we found that depression-like behaviors could only be observed in 67.9%of mice with chronic neuropathic pain,leaving 32.1%of mice with depression resilience.We determined that the spike discharges of the ventral tegmental area(VTA)-projecting lateral habenula(LHb)glutamatergic(Glu)neurons were sequentially increased in sham,resilient and susceptible mice,which consequently inhibited VTA dopaminergic(DA)neurons through a LHbGlu-VTAGABA-VTADA circuit.Furthermore,the LHbGlu-VTADA excitatory inputs were dampened via GABAB receptors in a pre-synaptic manner.Regulation of LHb-VTA pathway largely affected the development of depressive symptoms caused by chronic pain.Our study thus identifies a pivotal role of the LHb-VTA pathway in coupling chronic pain with depression and highlights the activity-dependent contribution of LHbGlu-to-VTADA inhibition in depressive behavioral regulation.

Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep via inhibition of orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus and corticotropin releasing hormone neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Objective:This study investigates the sleep-modulating effects of ginsenoside Rg1(Rg1,C_(42)H_(72)O_(14)),a key bioactive component of ginseng,and elucidates its underlying mechanisms.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally administered doses of Rg1 ranging from 12.5 to100 mg/kg.Sleep parameters were assessed to determine the average duration of each sleep stage by monitoring the electrical activity of the brain and muscles.Further,orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus(LH)and corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(PVH)were ablated using viral vector surgery and electrode embedding.The excitability of LH^(orexin)and PVH^(CRH)neurons was evaluated through the measurement of cellular Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog(c-Fos)expression.Results:Rg1(12.5–100 mg/kg)augmented the duration of non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep phases,while reducing the duration of wakefulness,in a dose dependent manner.The reduced latency from wakefulness to NREM sleep indicates an accelerated sleep initiation time.We found that these sleep-promoting effects were weakened in the LH^(orexin)and PVH^(CRH)neuron ablation groups,and disappeared in the orexin and CRH double-ablation group.Decreased c-Fos protein expression in the LH and PVH confirmed that Rg1 promoted NREM sleep by inhibiting orexin and CRH neurons.Conclusion:Rg1 increases the duration of NREM sleep,underscoring the essential roles of LH^(orexin)and PVH^(CRH)neurons in facilitating the sleep-promoting effects of Rg1.Please cite this article as:Wang YY,Wu Y,Yu KW,Xie HY,Gui Y,Chen CR,Wang NH.Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep via inhibition of orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus and corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus.J Integr Med.2024;22(6):719–728.

Understanding and simulating of three-dimensional subsurface hydrological partitioning in an alpine mountainous area, China

Critical zone(CZ)plays a vital role in sustaining biodiversity and humanity.However,flux quantification within CZ,particularly in terms of subsurface hydrological partitioning,remains a significant challenge.This study focused on quantifying subsurface hydrological partitioning,specifically in an alpine mountainous area,and highlighted the important role of lateral flow during this process.Precipitation was usually classified as two parts into the soil:increased soil water content(SWC)and lateral flow out of the soil pit.It was found that 65%–88%precipitation contributed to lateral flow.The second common partitioning class showed an increase in SWC caused by both precipitation and lateral flow into the soil pit.In this case,lateral flow contributed to the SWC increase ranging from 43%to 74%,which was notably larger than the SWC increase caused by precipitation.On alpine meadows,lateral flow from the soil pit occurred when the shallow soil was wetter than the field capacity.This result highlighted the need for three-dimensional simulation between soil layers in Earth system models(ESMs).During evapotranspiration process,significant differences were observed in the classification of subsurface hydrological partitioning among different vegetation types.Due to tangled and aggregated fine roots in the surface soil on alpine meadows,the majority of subsurface responses involved lateral flow,which provided 98%–100%of evapotranspiration(ET).On grassland,there was a high probability(0.87),which ET was entirely provided by lateral flow.The main reason for underestimating transpiration through soil water dynamics in previous research was the neglect of lateral root water uptake.Furthermore,there was a probability of 0.12,which ET was entirely provided by SWC decrease on grassland.In this case,there was a high probability(0.98)that soil water responses only occurred at layer 2(10–20 cm),because grass roots mainly distributed in this soil layer,and grasses often used their deep roots for water uptake during ET.To improve the estimation of soil water dynamics and ET,we established a random forest(RF)model to simulate lateral flow and then corrected the community land model(CLM).RF model demonstrated good performance and led to significant improvements in CLM simulation.These findings enhance our understanding of subsurface hydrological partitioning and emphasize the importance of considering lateral flow in ESMs and hydrological research.

Geostress measurements near fault areas using borehole stress-relief method

To minimize negative effects of geostress distribution on mining safety near the fault areas, the UPM40 triaxial geostress testing system was introduced to conduct in-situ geostress measurements at three sites and nine points by the borehole stress-relief method. The results of strain?confining pressure curves show that rock masses at the three measuring sites exhibit comprehensive linear elasticity in spite of various fissures or cracks within rocks. Horizontal and vertical stress components distribute discrepantly near the fault areas, and the maximum lateral pressure coefficient is as high as 6.15. The maximum principle stress ranges from 8.01 to 14.93 MPa, and stress directions are in the range of N78.07°W?N17.55°W. Geostresses near fault areas are dominated by the horizontal tectonic stresses, while the lower values, compared to those under similar geological conditions are due to stress release by the fault. Additionally, the fault and shear stress nearby are partially responsible for asymmetric elongation and southwesterly migration of orebodies.

Lateral habenula neurocircuits mediate the maternal disruptive effect of maternal stress: A hypothesis

Up to 20%of women experience stress-related disorders during the postpartum period;however,little is known about the specific neural circuitry by which maternal stress exerts its negative impacts on mental health and maternal caregiving behavior.Theoretically,such a circuitry should serve as an interface between the stress response system and maternal neural network,transmitting stress signals to the neural circuitry that mediates maternal behavior.In this paper,I propose that the lateral habenula(LHb)serves this interface function.Evidence shows that the LHb plays a key role in encoding stress-induced effects and in the pathophysiology of major depression and stressrelated anxiety,and thus may play a role in maternal behavior as part of the maternal brain network.I hypothesize that maternal stress acts upon the LHb and two of its major downstream targets,i.e.,ventral tegmental area(VTA)and dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN),compromising the maternal care and contributing to postpartum mental disorders.This hypothesis makes three predictions:(1)maternal stress enhances LHb neuronal activity;(2)activation of DRN-and VTA-projecting neurons in the LHb mimics the detrimental effects of maternal stress on maternal behavior;and(3)suppression of DRN-and VTA-projecting neurons in the LHb attenuates the detrimental effects of maternal stress on maternal care in stressed mothers.Confirmation of this hypothesis is expected to enhance our understanding of the neurocircuit mechanisms mediating stress effects on maternal behavior.

The Effect of Handedness on Supplementary Motor Area Activation during Complex Motor Tasks

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the activity of supplementary motor area (SMA) in six right-handed and six left-handed healthy volunteers. Two manual tasks (self-initiated previously practiced and unpredictable visually guided) were used. Quantitative analysis of hemispheric and bilateral SMA activation was described as mean ± standard deviation of hot spots/total spots. The two tasks induced bilateral SMA activation. The laterality of SMA activation was affected by manual dominance. Left SMA was significantly more activated in right- and left-handers while performing the motor tasks with the right hand. Right SMA was more activated in the left-handers when the left hand was used. Task complexity was the most important factor influencing the degree of SMA activation.

利用激光点云的智能网联汽车自主换道横向避障

通过智能网联汽车自主换道横向避障设计,提高车辆自主驾驶安全性能,提出基于激光点云的智能网联汽车自主换道横向避障方法,构建基于全激光雷达的无人驾驶系统的汽车行驶环境激光点云数据采集模型,通过激光雷达激光点云图像检测方法实现对智能网汽车行驶环境感知。结合障碍物检测、车道线检测、可行驶区域检测的方法,分析智能网联下汽车换道障碍物和车道的相关性特征量,通过激光点云的自主寻优方法寻找边界点直到搜索路径达到阈值,再结合直线道路模型和车道线连续性原则实现对汽车自主换道横向避障规划设计。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行汽车自主环控避障,在5 s时达到收敛状态,障碍物坐标识别误差距离低于0.7,并且该方法的识别精度达到了0.970以上,提高了车道信息的感知能力,准确高效地估计可行驶区域,提高车辆避障能力。

河谷区多层软土地基强夯处治分析

文章依托高速公路多层软土地基强夯处治项目,在施工现场选取具有代表性的监测断面开展现场监测,检验河谷区多层软土地基强夯处治效果。由监测数据得出,在强夯处治和路基填筑施工阶段,地基分层沉降、土压力、孔隙水压力和侧向位移增幅均较大,工后逐渐趋于稳定,可说明强夯处治后软基承载力得到有效提升,路基整体结构稳定,加固效果良好。

癫痫患者共患抑郁和焦虑危险因素分析及其与生存质量的关系

目的探讨成年癫痫患者共患抑郁和焦虑的危险因素及其与生活质量的关系。方法收集2022年5月至2023年1月神经内科诊断为癫痫、年龄≥18岁的患者。记录患者一般人口学资料及疾病相关信息。所有患者均进行生活质量、抑郁、焦虑量表测定。采用SPSS 26.0软件分别进行多元线性回归分析、多元有序logistic回归分析、秩和检验、皮尔逊相关性分析等。结果111例患者中49.5%的患者存在抑郁,43.2%的患者存在焦虑。抑郁评分与焦虑评分与发作类型、发作频率、生活质量、右侧颞叶相关,生活质量评分与焦虑评分和抑郁评分均呈负相关(P<0.01)。发作频率、发作类型、右侧颞叶是癫痫患者抑郁、焦虑的共同危险因素(P<0.05)。结论癫痫共患病抑郁和焦虑受发作频率和发作类型等的影响,而这种不良的情绪进一步影响患者的生活质量。癫痫发作的偏侧化与抑郁和焦虑状态的存在之间目前还没发现有明确的联系。

艾灸对创伤后应激障碍小鼠行为学及下丘脑外侧区c-fos的影响及c-fos与行为学的相关性分析

目的观察艾灸“内关”“阳陵泉”对创伤后应激障碍(post traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)小鼠行为及小鼠下丘脑外侧区c-fos表达的影响。方法将C57小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、艾灸组,每组6只。模型组、艾灸组采用改良的单次长时间应激和电刺激(single prolonged stress and electrical stimulation,SPS&S)方法复制PTSD模型。艾灸组予艾灸“内关”“阳陵泉”连续干预7 d。利用旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验和条件性恐惧测试实验检测小鼠行为,采用免疫荧光检测小鼠下丘脑外侧区c-fos的表达水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组小鼠体质量,旷场实验中央场时间、中央场距离显著减少(P<0.05),高架十字迷宫实验开臂进入次数和时间均显著减少(P<0.05);条件性恐惧测试实验中,背景恐惧和声音恐惧的冻结时间均显著增加(P<0.05);小鼠下丘脑外侧区c-fos表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,艾灸组小鼠体质量,旷场实验中央场时间、中央场距离显著增加(P<0.05),高架十字迷宫实验开臂进入次数和时间均显著增加(P<0.05);条件性恐惧测试实验中,背景恐惧和声音恐惧的冻结时间均显著减少(P<0.05);小鼠下丘脑外侧区c-fos表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论艾灸“内关”“阳陵泉”穴能够显著改善PTSD小鼠焦虑抑郁样行为,其机制可能与调节下丘脑外侧区的c-fos表达有关。

食物成瘾及其神经环路调控机制

食物成瘾是指人们对某些特定食物(高度加工、可口、高热量的食物)的依赖性达到难以控制的程度,并表现出一系列成瘾样的行为学变化,具有强迫性、长期性和反复性的特点。食物成瘾可引起肥胖症,而且是大部分人不能维持减肥效果或坚持限制性饮食以保持健康体重的核心因素。深入理解食物成瘾及其神经生物学机制,将为干预食物成瘾以改善肥胖提供准确的靶点。食物成瘾的诊断标准是耶鲁大学食物成瘾量表,而食物成瘾的动物模型为小鼠食物自我管理模型。外侧下丘脑-腹侧被盖区-伏隔核神经环路、腹侧被盖区-前边缘皮质-伏隔核神经环路和外侧隔核-结节核神经环路是调控食物成瘾的关键神经环路机制。

软土地区紧邻超高压电力管线的深基坑工程设计与研究

以上海地区某紧邻超高压电力管线的深基坑工程为研究对象,介绍了紧邻超高压电力管线侧基坑的围护形式,并根据管线保护要求,提出相应的保护措施。通过对比分析支护结构变形的理论计算值和实际监测值得出:(1)围护体侧向变形均呈“鱼腹型”抛物线形状,地连墙的抗变形能力明显优于灌注桩;(2)地表沉降在一定程度上可以反映管线的垂直位移。基坑开挖前的施工工况会对周边道路和管线造成一定的影响;(3)实测变形比理论计算偏大,是因为理论计算的变形值仅考虑了开挖过程中围护结构的变形。