Vegetative Growth Characters of the Young Apple Trees Trained in Vertical Axis System

Vegetative growth of young apple trees trained in vertical axis were studied with ' Red Fuji', 'Jonagold', 'Orin' and ' Starkrimson' on M7, MM106, M26 interstocks in northern China. About 30 branches sprouted from the central leader of the trees during the 4 years after planting for ' Red Fuji' and 'Jonagold', and 26.7 and 20 branches respectively for 'Orin' and 'Starkrimson'. Moreover the 2-year-old section of the central leader had the strongest capacity to sprout new branches (and sometimes the 1-year-old section too), and sprouted more new shoots than the other section. The total new shoots including spurs on the 4-year-old trees reached 631 per tree for 'Jonagold', about 480 for 'Red Fuji' and 'Orin', and 312 for 'Starkrimson'. Percentage of spurs was about 61% for 'Red Fuji', 73% for 'Jonagold' and 'Orin', and 81% for 'Starkrimson'. Growth vigor of the central leader and limbs of the young apple trees could quickly decline: the growth of the central leader decreased markedly in the fourth year after planting, and branches from the central leader grew vigorously only in the current growth season or in the first two years after branching.

Effect of sericin on diabetic hippocampal growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis

Previous studies have shown that sericin extracted from silk cocoon significantly reduces blood glucose levels and protects the nervous system against diabetes mellitus. In this study, a rat type 2 diabetes mellitus model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin for 3 successive days, following which the rats were treated with sericin for 35 days. After treatment, the blood glucose levels of the diabetic rats decreased significantly, the growth hormone level in serum and its expression in the hippocampus decreased significantly, while the insulin-like growth factor-1 level in serum and insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth hormone receptor expression in the hippocampus increased significantly. The experimental findings indicate that sericin improves disorders of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis to alleviate hippocampal damage in diabetic rats.

Stocking density affects the growth performance and metabolism of Amur sturgeon by regulating expression of genes in the GH/IGF axis

The effects of stocking density on the growth and metabolism of Amur sturgeon were assessed. Amur sturgeon were grown for 70 days at three dif ferent stocking densities(low stocking density, LSD: 5.5 kg/m^3; medium stocking density, MSD: 8.0 kg/m^3; and high stocking density, HSD: 11.0 kg/m^3), and the biometric index, muscle composition, and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. In addition, pituitary, liver, and muscle samples were collected for gene cloning and expression analyses. After 70 days of growth, the fish maintained at HSD had significantly lower fi nal body weight and specifi c growth rate, and a higher feed conversion ratio than those of the fish in the MSD and LSD groups. The HSD group had the lowest lipid and protein concentrations in serum and muscle. The serum cortisol concentration increased significantly in the HSD group, indicating that the stress-response system was activated in these fish. There was no change in the concentration of serum insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF-2), while the concentrations of serum growth hormone(GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) decreased in the HSD group. The full-length cDNAs of G H and IGF-2 genes(995-bp and 1 207-bp long, respectively), were cloned and analyzed. In the HSD group, the expressions of GH in the pituitary and growth hormone receptor( GHR) and IGF-1 in the liver were down-regulated at the end of the 70-day experiment. In the HSD group, the transcript level of IGF-2 significantly decreased in the liver, but did not change in muscle. Overall, our results indicated that a HSD negatively af fects the growth performance and leads to changes in lipid and protein metabolism in Amur sturgeon. The down-regulated expression of genes related to the GH/IGF axis may be responsible for the poor growth performance of Amur sturgeon under crowding stress.

Association of Body Mass Index with Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Hormones in Infertile Women in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

Background: Infertility is well-known global health problem that has significant impacts on an individual, families and communities. Many modifiable lifestyle risk factors increase the risk of women to several reproductive disorders. Aim: This study established the relationship between obesity and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis hormones in infertile women in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. Methodology: Six hundred and twenty-six (626) women aged 18 - 40 years comprising of 513 obese infertile women and 113 non obese women who served as control were recruited for the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken and Body Mass Index was calculated. A non-fasting venous blood sample was collected from the women and analyzed for serum Estrogen, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Progesterone, Inhibin B, and Prolactin using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: In the present study, the Body Mass Index of women with primary (1°) infertility is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than secondary (2°) infertility women. Whereas, women with 2° infertility were older and have a higher height than women with 1° infertility. The result revealed that serum estrogen, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the obese infertile women, while inhibin B and progesterone levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the obese infertile women compared to the control subjects. However, women with 1° infertility have a significantly higher LH and FSH levels than the 2° infertility women. Furthermore, the study revealed that hyperestrogenism is the most prevalent gonadal disorder in women with primary infertility and secondary infertility. The BMI of infertile women suffering Hyperestrogenism is significantly higher than any other female gonadal disorder. The result also showed that there is statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and Hypogonadism, Hypogonadotropic and Amenorrhoea in obese infertility women. While, no significant correlation between BMI and Hypergonadism and Hypergonadotropic was observed. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between BMI and Hypothalamus-Pituitary Ovarian hormones, as BMI showed a positive correlation with LH, FSH, Estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin in women with primary and secondary infertility, while Inhibin B showed a negative correlation with BMI. Conclusion: There is a relationship between BMI and Hypothalamus-Pituitary Ovarian hormones, signifying that obesity could affect female reproduction and directly impact ovarian function. Therefore, body weight maintenance should be considered as a first line of management of Hypothalamus-Pituitary Ovarian hormonal related infertility.

Effects of dietary genistein on GH/IGF-I axis of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

There is considerable concern that isoflavones,such as genistein in fish feed composed of soybean protein,affects somatic growth in fish.Our previous works demonstrated that 30 and 300 μg/g dietary genistein had no significant effect on growth performance in Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),but the higher level of genistein(3 000 μg/g) significantly depressed growth.This study was conducted to further examine the effects of dietary genistein on the endocrine disruption on growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I(GH/IGF-I) axis in Nile tilapia(O.niloticus).Juvenile fish were fed by hand twice daily to satiation with one of four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets,each containing either 0,30,300 or3 000 μg/g genistein.Following an 8-week feeding period,plasma GH and IGF-I levels were investigated by radioimmunoassay and gene expression levels of gh,ghrelin,gnrhs,ghr,npy,npyrs,pacap,ghrs,igf-I,igf-Ir,and igfbp3 were examined by real-time PCR.The results show that no significant change in plasma GH and IGF-I levels in fish fed with diets containing 30 μg/gand 300 μg/g genistein.mRNA expression of genes along the GH/IGF-I axis remained unaffected,except for igf-Ir,which was stimulated by the 300 μg/g genistein diet.While in fish fed the 3 000 μg/g genistein diet,the plasma GH and IGF-I levels decreased,and mRNA expression of gh,ghr2,npyr1,igf-I,and igf-Ir were also significantly depressed.In contrast,npy and igfbp3 mRNA expression were enhanced.This study provides convincing evidence for growth impediment by genistein by disturbing the GH/IGF-I axis in Nile tilapia O.niloticus.

Ginsenoside Rg3 Promotes the Survival and Migration of Trophoblast Cells in a Rat Model of Gestational Hypertension by Regulating miR-100a/Insulin Growth Factor-2 Axis

Objective:Preeclampsia(PE)is a common complication during pregnancy.miR-100a is expressed in the placenta and regulates the survival and development of placental cells.Insulin growth factor-2(IGF-2)may serve as its downstream target.This study investigated the protective mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 against PE in rat model.Materials and Methods:LPS-induced rat PE models were suitable for intravenous administration of the highly expressed miR-100a ginsenoside Rg3 lentiviral vector.Human trophoblasts were cultured in vitro for JEG-3,and PE cell models were constructed.In vivo effects on tumor growth and apoptosis were observed.Ginsenoside Rg3 was treated with different concentrations of shRNA,miR-100a analogs,inhibitors,or IGF-2.Autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins were examined.Trophoblast activity and migration were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays.Both drugs strongly inhibited trophoblasts under normal conditions with some synergy between them.Double-luciferase return assay confirmed the binding affinity of miR-100a for IGF-2.Results:In response to Rg3,autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-I/II,Beclin1,and SQSTM1 were reduced in PE rat placental trophoblasts.Rg3 inhibited autophagy in JEG-3 cells and promoted JEG-3 survival and migration in a concentration-dependent manner.miR-100a upregulated PE expression.These results suggested that autophagy was a vital signaling system.Rg3 intervention inhibited miR-100a expression and miR-100a downregulated IGF-2 expression in placental tissues and promoted autophagy,thereby inhibiting JEG-3cell survival and migration.In rats,Rg3 inhibited PE development by regulating the activity of the miR-100a-IGF-2 signaling axis.Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rg3 positively regulates the miR-100a-IGF-2 axis and protects PE rats by inhibiting trophoblastic autophagy and promoting trophoblastic cell survival and migration.

Clinical Treatment of Functional Pain Syndromes along the Microbiome-Gut-Brain-Axis: Combined Approach with Neuromodulation-Neurofeedback and Multispecies Probiotic

Functional pain syndromes are very common diseases that negatively impact the quality of life of patients with important socio-economic repercussions. The clinical alterations associated with these pathologies are multiple and have a complex psycho-organic character that moves along the micorobiome-gut-brain-axis. For the present study, 45 patients of both sexes (19 male, 26 female) aged 30 - 59 years were enrolled because of a diagnosis of Functional pain syndromes (FPS) that lasted for more than 6 months. All patients underwent pre-treatment clinical assessments (T0) for anxiety disorder, multidimensional assessment of pain, monitoring of baseline values of Alpha-Theta cerebral rhythm in occipital region and monitoring of salivary cortisol levels. All the patients underwent a clinical treatment combined with central neuromodulation with neurofeedback—Alpha Theta increase protocols (once a week for three months), administration of multispecies probiotic (one dose per day for 3 months) and clinical psychological interviews (once a week for three months). At the end of treatment (T1), patients were re-evaluated. Results show statistically relevant improvements of each feature considered: the Relief from Pain provided by the medication increases on average from 36.6% to 87.3%, the salivary Cortisol level at 11 pm decreases from 6.4 ng/ml to a physiological value of 1.2 ng/ml, and the anxiety rating score is reduced from 28 to 12. Moreover, the 23.9% increase in α-θ relative power shows the positive outcome of the brain autoregulation. This study highlights that the combined approach of Neurofeedback with drugs and multispecies probiotic results in great improvements in the patients’ life.

水飞蓟素通过调控miR-124-3p/WEE1轴影响胶质瘤细胞恶性生长的机制研究

目的探讨水飞蓟素(SM)对胶质瘤细胞恶性生长的影响以及对miR-124-3p/WEE1轴的调控机制。方法将胶质瘤U87细胞分为对照组,SM低、中、高浓度组,SM高浓度+miR-124-3p抑制剂组(SM高+miR-124-3p inhibitor组)。采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活性,Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化,Western blotting检测细胞中细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)及凋亡相关蛋白的表达,实时定量PCR检测细胞中miR-124-3p和WEE1 mRNA水平,荧光素酶活性实验验证miR-124-3p和WEE1之间的靶向关系,建立NOD/SCID小鼠颅内移植瘤模型并进行给药和分析。结果与对照组比较,不同浓度SM处理组的细胞增殖活性、迁移和侵袭细胞数、cyclin D1蛋白表达、WEE1 mRNA表达水平降低,G0/G1周期细胞数、cleaved caspase-8、cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3及miR-124-3p表达升高(P<0.05);进一步转染miR-124-3p inhibitor后发现,SM对胶质瘤细胞恶性行为的抑制作用被逆转。小鼠体内实验显示,SM处理组肿瘤的质量和体积均低于模型组(P<0.05),且小鼠体质量无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论SM可通过上调miR-124-3p靶向下调WEE1抑制胶质瘤细胞的恶性生长。

桂西南岩溶区植物叶性状的系统发育信号及其关联分析

【目的】探究岩溶植物叶性状在不同生活型水平上的差异以及系统发育保守性,有助于深入理解植物对异质性生境的适应机制,进而为岩溶植被的保护与恢复提供科学依据。【方法】以桂西南岩溶区20种常见阔叶木本植物为对象,采用K值法检验了叶性状的系统发育信号,并运用系统发育独立比较(PIC)和标准化主轴估计(SMA)的方法分析了叶性状间的关联适应性。【结果】1)研究区植物群落10个叶性状均未表现出较强的系统发育保守性,系统发育结构与性状结构并不完全一致。2)叶面积(LA)与叶长(LL)、叶宽(LW)以及叶组织密度(LTD)与LL、叶体积(LV)间均呈异速生长关系,而LL与LW、LA与叶干质量(LDW)间均呈等速生长关系;其中,LTD与LL的生长关系在常绿植物组发生了改变,由异速生长关系转变为等速生长关系;其他性状组合间的生长关系并未因生活型的不同而引起差异,表明常绿植物倾向于限制LL以适应环境的变化;3)LA、LL和LW以及LTD与LL、LV在常绿和落叶植物组间的斜率均沿共同主轴方向显著漂移(P<0.05),表明常绿和落叶植物对环境的适应策略发生了位移,常绿植物倾向于选择小叶、组织密度大的资源保守型生长策略,而落叶植物则倾向于选择大叶、组织密度小的资源获取型生长策略。【结论】生态位分化在很大程度上是促进亚热带阔叶林群落物种共存和生物多样性维持的重要机制。

脑组织GDF-15水平与脑梗死大鼠血管新生以及Th1/Th2免疫平衡轴的关系

目的:探讨脑组织GDF-15水平与脑梗死大鼠血管新生以及Th1/Th2免疫平衡轴的关系。方法:45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为脑梗死模型组、假手术组以及正常对照组,15只/组。模型组采用线栓法建立脑梗死模型,假手术组仅暴露颈内动脉后直接缝合皮肤,建模成功后1周评估大鼠改良神经功能缺损(mNSS)评分。采用HE染色检测脑组织病理学变化情况,Western blot法检测大鼠脑组织中组织生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)蛋白水平,RTPCR测定脑组织中GDF-15 mRNA水平。采用ELISA法检测脑组织INF-γ、IL-4表达情况,采用Spearman相关性分析大鼠脑组织中GDF-15蛋白、mRNA表达水平分别与mNSS评分、微血管密度(MVD)、INF-γ/IL-4水平之间的相关性。结果:模型组大鼠mNSS评分明显高于假手术组和正常对照组(P<0.001),模型组脑梗死面积比为(24.45±4.15)%,假手术组和正常对照组未发现脑梗死区域。模型组大鼠脑组织GDF-15蛋白、mRNA、MVD、INF-γ/IL-4水平均明显高于假手术组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,模型组大鼠脑组织中GDF-15蛋白、mRNA表达水平分别与mNSS评分、MVD、INF-γ/IL-4水平呈正相关关系(P<0.001)。结论:脑梗死大鼠脑组织中GDF-15处于高表达状态,且与神经功能密切关联,其作用机制可能与血管新生以及调控Th1/Th2免疫平衡轴有关。

补喂大豆浓缩蛋白、精氨酸+赖氨酸对哺乳期羔羊生长和生长轴激素水平的影响

为研究补喂大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、精氨酸+赖氨酸(Arg+Lys)对哺乳期羔羊生长和生长轴激素水平的影响,试验选用平均体重为(6.02±0.45)kg的7日龄双胎湖羊羔羊24只,随机分为3组,每组8只羊(4公4母),分别为对照组、SPC组和AA组。对照组补喂生理盐水、SPC组补喂250 mg/kg BW大豆浓缩蛋白、AA组补喂50 mg/kg BW Arg+50 mg/kg BW Lys,试验期28 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,SPC组羔羊35 d体重、7~35 d平均日增重提高了10.62%、23.25%(P> 0.05),AA组羔羊35 d体重、7~35 d平均日增重显著提高了21.06%、47.16%(P <0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,SPC组和AA组羔羊血浆谷氨酰胺浓度显著降低了17.65%、20.19%(P <0.05);AA组羔羊补喂前0 h血浆尿素氮浓度显著提高了46.48%(P <0.05),SPC组与AA组羔羊补喂后1.5 h血浆尿素氮浓度显著提高了24.46%、22.86%(P <0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,SPC组羔羊补喂后1 h血浆生长抑素(SS)提高了16.30%(P>0.05),AA组羔羊显著提高了21.84%(P <0.05);SPC组和AA组羔羊补喂后2 h血浆生长激素(GH)显著提高了9.98%、11.89%(P <0.05);AA组羔羊补喂前0 h血浆胰岛素样生长因子-I (IGF-I)显著提高了6.96%(P <0.05);SPC组羔羊补喂后2 h血浆葡萄糖显著降低了18.20%(P <0.05)。由此可见,补喂250 mg/kg BW的SPC、50 mg/kg Arg+50 mg/kg Lys可提高血浆GH、IGF-I水平,提高哺乳期羔羊增重。

子午流注开穴法低频治疗儿童低度近视的回顾性研究

【目的】分析子午流注开穴法低频治疗儿童低度近视的临床疗效。【方法】采用回顾性研究方法,收集2021年1月至2022年12月在广东省中医院门诊接受治疗的84例(168眼)低度近视患儿的临床资料。根据治疗方案的不同将患儿分成2组,将针刺联合常规验光配镜矫正治疗的42例(84眼)患儿作为对照组,将子午流注开穴法低频治疗联合常规验光配镜矫正治疗的42例(84眼)患儿作为观察组,2组治疗周期均为24周。观察2组患儿治疗前后屈光度和眼轴长度的变化情况,并评价2组患儿的临床疗效。【结果】(1)治疗后,2组患儿的屈光度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患儿屈光度治疗前后差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)治疗后,2组患儿的眼轴长度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患儿眼轴长度治疗前后差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)对照组总有效率为84.52%(71/84),观察组总有效率为63.10%(53/84),对照组疗效明显优于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】针刺疗法及子午流注开穴法低频治疗儿童低度近视,均可有效延缓患儿的近视程度,减缓眼轴增长速度,疗效可靠。

特发性矮小患儿的眼部生物学参数研究

目的研究特发性矮小(ISS)患儿的眼部生物学参数,并与生长激素缺乏症(GHD)患儿及正常儿童进行比较,探究该群体眼部生物学参数的特点,为ISS患儿视力的筛查及使用生长激素治疗的安全性提供参考依据。方法选取15例5~14岁ISS患儿作为观察组,32例GHD患儿作为GHD组,并选取47名进行常规视力筛查的正常身高儿童作为正常对照,所有受试对象均接受眼科检查,包括裸眼视力、眼轴、眼压、角膜曲率、轴率比等参数。研究ISS患儿的眼部生物学参数,比较上述三组儿童视力相关参数的差异,分析影响ISS患儿视力发育的影响因素。结果ISS轴率比明显大于GHD组及正常儿童,ISS组眼压明显高于GHD组及正常儿童。ISS组的眼轴与GHD组、正常儿童比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但GHD组眼轴明显短于正常儿童的眼轴。ISS的角膜曲率明显大于正常儿童。ISS组的轴率比与生长激素激发试验的峰值、角膜曲率均呈正相关关系(β=1.052,P<0.05;β=0.004,P<0.05)。结论ISS患儿可能存在眼压高、近视风险大的问题,较高的生长激素激发试验峰值结果及较大的角膜曲率可能是其近视的高危因素。

C23 ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice

BACKGROUND C23,an oligo-peptide derived from cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRP),has been reported to inhibit tissue inflammation,apoptosis and fibrosis by binding to the CIRP receptor;however,there are few reports on its role in liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism is unknown.AIM To explore whether C23 plays a significant role in carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis.METHODS CCl4 was injected for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis and C23 was used beginning in the second week.Masson and Sirius red staining were used to examine changes in fiber levels.Inflammatory factors in the liver were detected and changes inα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and collagen I expression were detected via immu-nohistochemical staining to evaluate the activation of hematopoietic stellate cells(HSCs).Western blotting was used to detect the activation status of the trans-forming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)/Smad3 axis after C23 treatment.RESULTS CCl4 successfully induced liver fibrosis in mice,while tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),IL(interleukin)-1β,and IL-6 levels increased significantly and the IL-10 level decreased significantly.Interestingly,C23 inhibited this process.On the other hand,C23 significantly inhibited the activation of HSCs induced by CCl4,which inhibited the expression ofα-SMA and the synthesis of collagen I.In terms of mechanism,C23 can block Smad3 phosphorylation significantly and inhibits INTRODUCTION At present there is no specific and effective drug for treating liver fibrosis caused by acute or chronic injury.Although preclinical research has made breakthroughs,their suitability as clinical treatments is still unknown.The activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)caused by chronic inflammation is a key process in the development of liver fibrosis and activated HSCs expressα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts with proliferation,migration and secretion abilities,synthesizing the extracellular matrix to deposit in the hepatocyte space and subse-quently forming liver fibrosis[1].Although therapeutic strategies have improved due to past few efforts there is no ideal treatment for hepatic fibrosis[2].Extracellular cold inducible RNA binding protein(CIRP)has been shown to play a role in various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases by promoting tissue inflammation and apoptosis and inducing fibrosis through its receptor Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)[3].C23 is a recognized competitive inhibitor of CIRP that can competitively bind to CIRP receptors and reduce tissue damage in inflammatory diseases[4].C23 has been shown to significantly reduce serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),IL(interleukin)-6 and IL-1βlevels.In addition,it can reduce tissue TLR4,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βlevels and inhibit the colocalization of CIRP and TLR4,which plays a significant role in systemic inflammation[5].Re-search has shown that CIRP induces the inflammatory phenotype of lung fibroblasts in a TLR4-dependent manner[6].On the other hand,CIRP is associated with markers of fibrosis andα-SMA is significantly positively correlated with CIRP.Cirp-/-mice exhibit attenuated expression ofα-SMA and collagen(COL1A1 and COL3A1),decreased hydroxyproline content,decreased histological fibrosis scores,and improved pulmonary hypertension[7].C23 inhibited the release of TNF-α,the degradation of IκB and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in CIRP-stimulated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner and C23 treatment significantly increased the serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase,alanine ami-notransferase,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin septic CLP mice[8].Based on previous research we hypothesized that C23 might alleviate liver fibrosis by inhibiting acute and chronic inflammation.As a selective hepatotoxic chemical carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).can induce inflammation and activate HSCs,promoting liver fibrosis.This study reveals the role and mechanism of C23 in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.at room temperature for 30 minutes.The gray value of each group was calculated after chemiluminescence.

高血压分子机制及降压靶点的研究进展

高血压是导致脑卒中、心肌梗死、心力衰竭和肾衰竭等发生的危险因素,也是导致死亡的主要原因,因此研究高血压的潜在治疗靶点、开发新的抗高血压药尤为重要。现总结近年来关于高血压新治疗靶点的研究进展,包括Elabela/Apelin-APJ轴、序列相似性家族3D蛋白、成纤维细胞生长因子21和血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体的变构调节,以期为抗高血压药的研究提供新的思路和文献支持。

直立中央领导干树形条件下幼年苹果树体生长特性的研究

在直立中央领导干树形条件下 ,M7、MM10 6、M 2 6中间砧幼年苹果树中心干生长速度快 ,4年生树高达到 2 .7～ 3.6m。中心干上抽生的侧枝数量多 ,红富士、王林、新红星和乔纳金 4个品种在 4年生时分别在 2 0～ 30 .5个之间 ,且主要在 2年生或者 2年生和 1年生中心干段上抽生侧生分枝。 4年生树相指标能满足生产上早果丰产的需要 :单株枝量大 ,乔纳金为 6 31个 ,红富士和王林 4 80个左右 ,新红星 312个 ;短枝比率高 ,红富士短枝占总枝量的 6 1% ,乔纳金和王林分别为 71%和 74 % ,新红星 81% ;侧生分枝角度开张 ,在 4 3°～ 6 9°之间 ;中心干及侧生分枝的生长势能够很快趋向缓和 ,在不采用任何人工控制生长措施的条件下 ,定植后的第 4年 ,主干的延迟生长量显著大幅度减弱 ,侧生分枝生长量在抽生的第 3年甚至是第 2年也显著地减小。

γ-氨基丁酸对夏季高温期生长肥育猪生产性能、抗氧化及HPA、HPT轴激素分泌的影响

为探讨日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)对夏季高温期生长肥育猪生长性能、抗氧化及HPA、HPT轴相关激素分泌的影响,试验选用(43.07±5.76)kg"杜长大"三元杂交猪96头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头。试验采用单因子设计,按日粮添加水平设基础日粮组(0 mg.kg-1GABA)、基础日粮+10 mg.kg-1GABA、基础日粮+20 mg.kg-1GABA、基础日粮+40 mg.kg-1GABA4个处理,试验期48 d。结果表明:各处理对夏季高温期生长肥育猪的生产性能都有影响,其中以10 mg.kg-1处理效果最优,全程日增体质量提高13.08%(P<0.01),料重比降低7.81%(P<0.01),但各试验组猪日采食量无显著变化。10mg.kg-1GABA使血清GSH-Px活性极显著提高(P<0.01),SOD活性提高,MDA含量下降,但未达显著水平(P>0.05);10 mg.kg-1GABA显著降低HPA轴激素皮质醇、皮质酮及ACTH水平(P<0.05),显著升高HPT轴激素T3及FT3水平(P<0.05),但对T4及FT4无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加GABA改善了夏季高温期生长肥育猪的生产性能,本研究条件下以10 mg.kg-1处理效果最优;10 mg.kg-1GABA还降低了夏季高温对猪造成的应激并使其抗氧化性能及甲状腺机能增强。

生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-1轴与脑瘫儿童认知、大运动功能的关系

目的评估GH/IGF-1轴与幼龄脑瘫儿童粗大运动功能与认知发育的关系。方法纳入2012年1月至2014年12月新桥医院儿科住院的1-4岁脑瘫儿童71例作为脑瘫组,按体格发育落后与否划分为脑瘫伴发育迟滞组（cerebral palsy with retardation,CP-R）50例及脑瘫发育正常组（cerebral palsy with normal growth,CP-N）21例;按粗大运动功能分类系统（gross motor function classification system,GMFCS）划分为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级组20例（CP-GMFCSⅠ-Ⅱ）,Ⅲ-Ⅴ级组51例（CP-GMFCSⅢ-Ⅴ）;按Bayley评分划分智力发育指数（mental development index,MDI）≥70组15例（CP-MDI≥70）,MDI〈70组56例（CP-MDI〈70）。健康对照组为同期体检的健康儿童15例。观察上述儿童的血浆GH基础值及激发值、胰岛素样生长因子-1（insulin-like growth factorⅠ,IGF-1）、类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3（insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3,IGFBP-3）水平作对照研究。结果 1CP-R组较CP-N组GH峰值显著降低,上述2组均较健康对照组GH峰值和IGF-1值显著降低（P〈0.05）。2CP-GMFCSⅠ-Ⅱ组和CP-GMFCSⅢ-Ⅴ组较健康对照组GH峰值和IGF-1值显著降低,CP-GMFCSⅢ-Ⅴ组较CPGMFCSⅠ-Ⅱ组GH峰值和IGF-1值显著降低（P〈0.05）。3CP-MDI〈70组和CP-MDI≥70组较健康对照组GH峰值显著降低（P〈0.05）;CP-MDI〈70组较CP-MDI≥70组和健康对照组IGF-1值显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论脑瘫伴体格发育迟缓、重度粗大运动功能障碍及明显MDI指数落后的儿童存在GH/IGF-1轴受损,提示GH、IGF-1低下可能是脑瘫儿童运动伴认知水平低下的原因之一。

促性腺激素释放激素拟似剂对青春期大鼠生长轴与性腺轴相关基因表达的影响

目的 探讨促性腺激素释放激素拟似剂 (GnRHa)对青春期大鼠生长轴与性腺轴的影响及其作用机制。方法 青春期大鼠应用GnRHa后 ,取其下丘脑、垂体、卵巢、下肢骺软骨等组织 ,应用荧光定量PCR(FQ PCR)技术检测组织中相应激素的基因表达水平。结果 GnRHa可使下丘脑中促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH)和垂体中GnRH受体 (GnRHR)基因表达水平下降 ,下丘脑中生长激素释放抑制激素 (SRIH)基因表达水平增高 ,生长激素释放激素 (GHRH)基因表达无变化 ;垂体中生长激素 (GH)、卵巢中雌激素受体 (ER)、下肢骺软骨中胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF 1)等基因表达水平均下降。结论 GnRHa除抑制垂体GnRHR产生受体降调节外 ,还可抑制下丘脑GnRH的基因表达 ,使性腺激素水平降低 ,从而减缓第二性征的成熟程度和速度 ;同时GnRHa通过促进下丘脑SRIH的基因表达 ,抑制垂体GH和下肢骺软骨IGF 1的基因表达。

γ-氨基丁酸对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及HPA、HPT轴激素分泌的影响

本试验研究不同水平的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及HPA轴(皮质醇、皮质酮和促肾上腺皮质激素)与HPT轴(游离三碘甲腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、三碘甲腺原氨酸和甲状腺素)激素分泌的影响。选取96头体重约(43.0±3.2)kg的杜长大三元杂交猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复8头(公母各1/2),分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0(对照组)、10(组Ⅰ)、20(组Ⅱ)和40 mg/kg GABA(组Ⅲ)的试验日粮,试验期48 d。试验结束时测定猪生长性能,并从对照组及生长效果最佳组的每重复选2头,测定血液指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,3个水平的GABA对生长肥育猪的生产性能都有一定的影响,其中以10 mg/kg组效果最为显著,日增重提高13.08%(P<0.01),料重比降低7.81%(P<0.01)。10 mg/kg GABA使三碘甲腺原氨酸和游离三碘甲腺原氨酸水平显著升高(P<0.05);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性极显著升高(P<0.01);乳酸脱氢酶活性及皮质醇、皮质酮和促肾上腺皮质激素水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结果提示,日粮添加GABA可提高生长肥育猪生产性能;10 mg/kg GABA使生长肥育猪的抗氧化性能及甲状腺机能增强。