A NEW HYSTERESIS COMPENSATION METHOD FOR LOAD CELLS

A new hysteresis compensation method is presented.After analyzing the characteristics of strain-gage based load cells under loading & unloading conditions, mathe-matical models are established.A solution to compensate the hysteresis of the load cell by the experiments.It is shown that the method is reliable and can effectively re-duce the hysteresis.

Magnetic hysteresis, compensation behaviors, and phase diagrams of bilayer honeycomb lattices

Magnetic behaviors of the Ising system with bilayer honeycomb lattice（BHL） structure are studied by using the effective-field theory（EFT） with correlations. The effects of the interaction parameters on the magnetic properties of the system such as the hysteresis and compensation behaviors as well as phase diagrams are investigated. Moreover, when the hysteresis behaviors of the system are examined, single and double hysteresis loops are observed for various values of the interaction parameters. We obtain the L-, Q-, P-, and S-type compensation behaviors in the system. We also observe that the phase diagrams only exhibit the second-order phase transition. Hence, the system does not show the tricritical point（TCP）.

Random crystal field effect on hysteresis loops and compensation behavior of mixed spin-(1,3/2) Ising system

Magnetic hysteresis and compensation behavior of a mixed spin-（1, 3/2） Ising model on a square lattice are investigated in the framework of effective field theory based on a probability distribution technique. The effect of random crystal field, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic exchange interaction on hysteresis loops and compensation phenomenon are discussed. A number of characteristic phenomena have been reported such as the observation of triple hysteresis loops at low temperatures and for negative values of random crystal field. Critical and double compensation temperatures have been also found. The obtained results are also compared to some previous works.

Sensorless control for hysteresis compensation of AFM scanner by modified Rayleigh model

A novel modified Rayleigh model was developed for compensating hysteresis problem of an atomic force microscope(AFM) scanner.In high driving fields,piezoelectric actuators that integrated a scanner have severe hysteresis,which can cause serious displacement errors.Piezoelectric hysteresis is from various origins including movement of defects,grain boundary effects,and displacement of interfaces.Furthermore,because its characteristic is stochastic,it is almost impossible to predict the piezoelectric hysteresis analytically.Therefore,it was predicted phenomenologically,which means that the relationship between inputs and outputs is formulated.The typical phenomenological approach is the Rayleigh model.However,the model has the discrepancy with experiment result as the fields increase.To overcome the demerit of the Rayleigh model,a modified Rayleigh model was proposed.In the modified Rayleigh model,each coefficient should be defined differently according to the field direction due to the increase of the asymmetry in the high fields.By applying an inverse form of this modified Rayleigh model to an AFM scanner,it is proved that hysteresis can be compensated to a position error of less than 5%.This model has the merits of reducing complicated fitting procedures and saving computation time compared with the Preisach model.

Feedback linearization and equivalent-disturbance compensation control strategy for piezoelectric stage

Piezoelectric stages use piezoelectric actuators and flexure hinges as driving and amplifying mechanisms,respectively.These systems have high positioning accuracy and high-frequency responses,and they are widely used in various precision/ultra-precision positioning fields.However,the main challenge with these devices is the inherent hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators,which seriously affects the tracking accuracy of a piezoelectric stage.Inspired by this challenge,in this work,we developed a Hammerstein model to describe the hysteresis nonlinearity of a piezoelectric stage.In particular,in our proposed scheme,a feedback-linearization algorithm is used to eliminate the static hysteresis nonlinearity.In addition,a composite controller based on equivalent-disturbance compensation was designed to counteract model uncertainties and external disturbances.An analysis of the stability of a closed-loop system based on this feedback-linearization algorithm and composite controller was performed,and this was followed by extensive comparative experiments using a piezoelectric stage developed in the laboratory.The experimental results confirmed that the feedback-linearization algorithm and the composite controller offer improved linearization and trajectory-tracking performance.

Parameter Tuning Method for Dither Compensation of a Pneumatic Proportional Valve with Friction

In the practical application of pneumatic control devices, the nonlinearity of a pneumatic control valve become the main factor affecting the control effect, which comes mainly from the dynamic friction force. The dynamic friction inside the valve may cause hysteresis and a dead zone. In this paper, a dither compensation mechanism is proposed to reduce negative effects on the basis of analyzing the mechanism of friction force. The specific dither signal（using a sinusoidal signal） was superimposed on the control signal of the valve. Based on the relationship between the parameters of the dither signal and the inherent characteristics of the proportional servo valve, a parameter tuning method was proposed, which uses a displacement sensor to measure the maximum static friction inside the valve. According to the experimental results, the proper amplitude ranges are determined for different pressures. In order to get the optimal parameters of the dither signal, some dither compensation experiments have been carried out on different signal amplitude and gas pressure conditions. Optimal parameters are determined under two kinds of pressure conditions. Using tuning parameters the valve spool displacement experiment has been taken. From the experiment results, hysteresis of the proportional servo valve is significantly reduced. And through simulation and experiments, the cut-off frequency of the proportional valve has also been widened. Therefore after adding the dither signal, the static and dynamic characteristics of the proportional valve are both improved to a certain degree. This research proposes a parameter tuning method of dither signal, and the validity of the method is verified experimentally.

On the Control of Plants with Hysteresis: Overview and a Prandtl-Ishlinskii Hysteresis Based Control Approach

The development of control techniques to mitigate the effects of unknown hysteresis preceding with plants has recently re-attracted significant attention. In this paper, we first give a brief review of presently developed hysteresis models and hysteresis compensating control methods.Then, with the use of the Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis model, we propose a robust adaptive control scheme. The novelty is that the model of hysteresis nonlinearities is firstly fused with the available control techniques without necessarily constructing a hysteresis inverse. The global stability of the adaptive system and tracking a desired trajectory to a certain precision are achieved. Simulations performed on a nonlinear system illustrate and clarify the approach.

Compensation temperatures and hysteresis behaviors of a graphene-like trilayer

This work focuses on the ground-state phase diagram,the compensation temperatures and the critical behaviors of a ferrimagnetic graphene-like trilayer induced by crystal fields and exchange couplings.The simulation results show that a negative decrease in crystal field or an increase in exchange coupling can increase the critical temperature.More importantly,an M curve with double compensation temperatures can be observed,which is not predicted by the Neel theory.This remarkable compensation phenomenon has potential application value in the field of magnetic recording.

Nonlinear hysteresis identification and compensation based on the discrete Preisach model of an aircraft morphing wing device manipulated by an SMA actuator

The conception of aircraft morphing wings thrives in aeronautics since the appearance of shape memory alloys(SMAs). An aircraft morphing wing device, manipulated by an SMA actuator, inherits the intrinsic nonlinear hysteresis from the SMA actuator, ending up with control disadvantages. Conventionally, systems with SMA actuators are constrained to bi-stable states to bypass the hysteresis region. Rather than retreating a morphing wing device to bi-stable states, this paper is dedicated to transcend the morphing wing device beyond the customary limit. A methodology of discrete Preisach modeling, which identifies the hysteresis of the morphing wing device, is proposed herein. An array of discrete equal-distance points is applied to the Preisach plane in order to derive the Preisach density over the partitioned unit of the Preisach plane. Discrete Preisach modeling is fulfilled by the discrete first-order reversible curve(DFORC). By utilizing the discrete Preisach model, the aircraft morphing wing device is simulated; the validity and accuracy of discrete Preisach modeling are demonstrated by contrasting the simulated outcome with experimental data of the major hysteretic loop and the wingspan-wise displacement over time; a comparison between simulation and experimental results exhibits consistency. Afterwards, a hysteresis compensation strategy put forward in this paper is implemented for quasi-linear control of the aircraft morphing wing device, which manifests a compensated shrinking hysteresis loop and attains the initiative of extending the morphing range to the intrinsic hysteretic region.

Modeling and compensation of hysteresis for pneumatic artificial muscles based on Gaussian mixture models

This paper presents a new data-driven model of length-pressure hysteresis of pneumatic artificial muscles(PAMs) based on Gaussian mixture models(GMMs). By ignoring the high-order dynamics, the hysteresis of PAMs is modeled as a first-order nonlinear dynamical system based on GMMs, and inversion of the model is subsequently derived. Several verification experiments are conducted. Firstly, parameters of the model are identified under low-frequency triangle-wave pressure excitations.Then, pressure signals with different amplitudes, shapes and frequencies are applied to the PAM to test the prediction performance of the model. The proposed model shows advantages in identification efficiency and prediction precision compared with a generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii(GPI) model and a modified generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii(MGPI) model. Finally, the effectiveness of the inverse model is demonstrated by implementing the feedforward hysteresis compensation in trajectory tracking experiments.

Compensation temperature and hysteresis behaviors of a graphene-like bilayer:Monte Carlo Study

Using the Monte Carlo method,the compensation temperature and hysteresis loops of a ferrimagnetic mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Ising-type graphene-like bilayer are investigated induced by different physical parameters such as crystal field,exchange coupling,external magnetic field,and temperature.The variations of magnetization,magnetic susceptibility,specific heat,and internal energy with the change of temperature are discussed.In addition,we also plot the phase diagrams including transition temperature and compensation temperature.Finally,multiple hysteresis loops under certain parameters are given.

Design of DSTATCOM Controller for Compensating Unbalances

In a three phase power system, the voltages at the generation side are in sinusoidal and equal in magnitude with 120? phase difference between the phases. However, at the load side voltages may become unbalanced due to unequal voltage magnitudes at the fundamental frequency, phase angle deviations or unequal distribution of single phase loads. The voltage unbalance is a major power quality issue, because a small unbalance in the phase voltages can cause a larger unbalance in the phase currents. A completely balanced three-phase three wire system contains only positive sequence components of voltage, current and impedance, whereas unbalanced system contains both positive and negative sequence components of voltages and currents. The negative sequence component of current in the unbalanced system increases the temperature and losses in the equipments. Hence, it is necessary to mitigate this problem by supplying the negative sequence current to the load at the load side and keep the source side balanced. This paper proposes the shunt connected, current injecting Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) with appropriate controller to mitigate the unbalanced load current. The symmetrical components based Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) is designed for DSTATCOM to diminish the unbalances in a three-phase three-wire system. The performance of the controller is studied by simulating the entire system in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The DSTATCOM with HCC is found to be better than other controllers because it is suitable for compensating both balanced and unbalanced loads.

Simulation and Experiment Based on FSMLC Method with EUPI Hysteresis Compensation for a Piezo-Driven Micro Position Stage

Micro/nano positioning technologies have been attractive for decades in industrial and scientific applications fields. The actuators have inherent hysteresis that can cause system unexpected behave in some extend. In this research, the authors used extented unparallel Prandtl-Ishlinshii(EUPI)models to represent the input-output relationship of a piezo-driven micro position stage. Integral inverse(I-I) compensator is used for compensating the hysteresis characteristics of the micro positioning stage and compared with direct inverse(D-I) compensator and inverse model(I-M) compensator. However,the accuracy and the robustness of the I-I compensator are worse when there is noisy in the system,a novel sliding-mode-like-control with EUPI(SMLC-EUPI) method was proposed and analyzed by different trajectory tracking experiments in Matlab environment. Though the above strategies can alleviate most deviation, the adjustment of the SMLC’s parameters is very complex. So the fuzzy method is used to adjust these parameters and be verified by trajectory tracking experiments. Finally,for validating the proposed control method, the paper did the corresponding experiment in microscope with CMOS and obtained convincing results.

Hysteresis Modeling and Compensation for Distal Shaft Deflection of Flexible Ureteroscope

Flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of upper urinarytract diseases.The key operation of FURS is that the surgeon manipulates the distal shaft of flexible ureteroscopeto a specific target for diagnosis and treatment.However,the hysteresis of flexible ureteroscope may be one ofthe most important factors that degrade the manipulation accuracy and the surgeon usually spends a long timenavigating the distal shaft during surgery.In this study,we obtained hysteresis curves of distal shaft deflectionfor the flexible ureteroscope through extensive repeated experiments.Then,two methods based on piecewiselinear approximation and long short-term memory neural network were employed to model the hysteresis curves.On this basis,we proposed two hysteresis compensation strategies for the distal shaft deflection.Finally,wecarried out hysteresis compensation experiments to verify the two proposed compensation strategies.Experimentalresults showed that the hysteresis compensation strategies can significantly improve position accuracy with meancompensation errors of no more than 5°.

基于PI建模和反步滑模控制的主动波浪补偿策略

海上起重船受风、浪、涌影响会产生剧烈的船舶姿态变化,造成起重机和货物的位姿变化,对货物和人员存在安全隐患,波浪补偿平台的稳定性控制能有效减少复杂海况下船舶运动对海上作业安全性、稳定性和精准性的影响,对浮式起重船海上设备精准装载作业极其重要。针对补偿平台的迟滞非线性导致的建模困难和控制不精确问题,本文提出基于PI(Prandtle–Ishlinskii)建模和反步滑模控制的主动波浪补偿策略。首先,通过实验得到补偿系统的迟滞效应曲线,分析系统迟滞环建立PI迟滞模型,并采用递推最小二乘法辨识模型的各个参数,从而求得系统模型。然后,基于李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)稳定性设计反步控制补偿方法,并结合滑模控制规律加快初始控制速度。最后,将反步滑模法应用于补偿系统,采用MATLAB软件仿真在规则波和不规则波下的响应来验证算法和模型的正确性,并在工控机中用C#编写控制程序,驱动运动控制卡控制伺服电机带动电缸进行补偿运动,同时通过传感器采集系统运动的实时数据,并反馈给工控机形成闭环,以期验证补偿平台在补偿规则波和不规则波下的补偿效果。实验结果表明,所建立的斯图尔特(Stewart)浮式平台中,PI迟滞模型具有良好的精度,反步终端滑模控制算法在Stewart平台的实际控制中能够很好地补偿波浪运动,相比比例–积分–微分控制(PID)、反步法、强化学习等控制方法,反步终端滑模方法能快速较好跟踪期望位移,补偿精度达到0.9729。

空间天文望远镜自适应精密稳像闭环控制

针对空间天文望远镜低频段视轴扰动补偿问题,提出了一种基于主动光学技术的自适应精密稳像闭环控制方法。该方法以精细导星仪(Fine Guide Sensor,FGS)为高精度视轴扰动检测器,以四点支撑压电驱动大口径快摆镜机构(Fast Steering Mirror,FSM)为视轴扰动补偿器。首先,采用位置式PID控制器串联积分环节进行精密稳像闭环控制,得到补偿FGS检测出的二维视轴扰动所需FSM的二维摆动角度,进而根据驱动结构转换为每个支撑点的压电陶瓷执行器(Piezoelectric actuators,PZT)的伸缩量。然后,利用基于广义Bouc-Wen逆模型的压电动态迟滞前馈补偿方法进行高精度的压电陶瓷执行器定位控制。最后,根据有监督的Hebb学习规则,利用具有自学习和自适应能力单神经元对PID控制器参数进行调整,从而得到最优控制器参数。实验结果表明,所提控制方法能够有效地补偿空间天文望远镜的视轴偏差,可以将精细导星仪X方向和Y方向的星点质心位置偏差功率谱密度在0~6 Hz频段内积分值分别抑制了98.54%和98.62%。

基于TMR器件的弱磁传感系统设计

小型化高性能磁传感系统在磁异探测、航空航天、生物磁测量等领域具有重要的应用前景。传统磁传感系统因体积大、功耗高等原因难以搭载于无人机平台,而隧道磁电阻(TMR)器件是构建小型磁传感系统的理想选择。该文在分析TMR器件磁滞特性及其灵敏度与工作点关系的基础上,提出一种通过稳定TMR器件工作点来实现磁滞补偿的方法,通过建立磁场反馈补偿回路并采用自适应磁场补偿算法,大幅提升磁传感系统的性能。测试结果表明所设计的磁传感系统的测量范围为-10000~10000 nT,线性度为0.016%,噪声水平为0.39 nT/√Hz@1 Hz,带宽为60 Hz,可以满足水下磁异目标探测等应用需求。

压电变形镜驱动器迟滞快速辨识与补偿研究

采用压电陶瓷作为促动机构的主动光学系统。为了对压电陶瓷驱动器固有的迟滞非线性进行有效抑制校正,以提高系统性能,该文对带变形镜镜面负载结构的压电陶瓷驱动器非线性迟滞动态进行了高效辨识建模,实现了带镜面负载的压电陶瓷驱动器相对误差1.8867%的迟滞参数辨识与建模,降低了辨识算法所需时间90%以上,同时克服了负载结构导致辨识信号信噪比低的问题。实验证明,所用方法得到的压电陶瓷迟滞模型能够有效地用于补偿校正压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞非线性动态带来的误差,通过前馈控制器可将压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞引起的镜面面形定位误差降低56.21%,有效地提升了系统性能。

基于比例继动阀的解耦式制动能量回收

针对纯电动商用车在连续制动时,气源压力偏低会导致驱动轴耦合制动力响应速度变慢,影响制动能量回收效率的问题,提出一种基于比例继动阀的解耦式制动能量回收系统(uncoupled braking energy recovery system,URBS)方案。首先,基于比例继动阀的迟滞特性,采用前馈-单神经元PID控制方法,实现制动气压的准确输出;其次,以电池SOC、车速等为约束条件,根据气源压力信号确定供压模式,并制定解耦式制动能量回收控制策略;最后,基于AMESim,MATLAB/Simulink及TruckSim搭建联合仿真平台,选取单次制动工况与循环工况验证了制动力耦合效果及系统的制动能量回收效果。结果表明,基于比例继动阀的URBS可实现耦合制动力的快速响应,达到稳态压力值75%的时间小于0.1 s,且在中国重型商用车行驶工况和中国重型商用车瞬态工况下有效制动能量回收率分别为10.13%,17.17%。所提URBS方案能有效提高驱动轴耦合制动力的响应速度及耦合精度,可为纯电动商用车气压式URBS方案设计提供参考。

基于Prandtl-Ishlinskii模型的气动肌肉迟滞特性动态建模与控制方法

现有迟滞模型由于采用离线参数辨识方法,难以表征气动肌肉迟滞的时变性和负载相关性,极易产生较大的建模误差。为了精确表征气动肌肉的迟滞特性,利用Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)模型描述气动肌肉的位移-气压迟滞特性,并采用带遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法在线辨识PI模型参数。在此基础上,结合PI逆模型设计了一种带有前馈在线补偿的复合控制方法用于气动肌肉的运动控制。同时搭建相应的实验装置进行了气动肌肉迟滞建模和运动控制实验。实验结果表明,采用在线参数辨识方法后的PI模型能有效描述气动肌肉迟滞的负载相关性,且极大地降低了负载变化带来的控制误差。