香薷属茎横切面的显微特征比较

目的为研究和开发利用唇形科香薷属种类提供生药学理论基础,并通过香薷属的茎横切面显微特征对比,为后续研究提出指导意见。方法采用生药学常用鉴别方法对香薷属的茎横切面显微特征进行了对比。结果通过光学显微镜观察并分析了香薷属茎横切面的8组特征。结论香薷属的茎横切面特征不具有明显的系统学意义,但具有一定的分类鉴定和生态学意义。在香薷属药用种类的显微鉴别中,茎横切面特征是有价值的。

Cambial Variants in the Family Menispermaceae in Taiwan

Anatomical data regarding the climbing modes and cambial variants of the stem transverse section in the Menispermaceae in Taiwan are lacking. Here, we examined the climbing modes and anomalous structure of climber stems in this family. Reviewing the previous reports of cambial variants in angiosperm liana families, a list of angiosperm liana families processing specified types of cambial variants and the terms based on description for the transverse section of a stem were provided. The results show that Cocculus laurifolius DC. is a shrub, Stephania cephalantha Hayata and Stephania longa Lour. are vines, and the remaining 13 species are lianas. In all species, the climbing mode was twining and dextrorse stems. The anomalous structure of the stem comprised successive cambia in Cocculus laurifolius, a combination of xylem in plates and dissected xylem in Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC., and xylem in plates in the remaining 14 species. In the genus Cyclea, parenchyma proliferation from the secondary xylem resulted in the development of 1 - 3 linear lobes in each collateral vascular bundle. The vessel diameter of C. laurifolius is <50 μm which is the smallest size due to shrub in its life stage. C. orbiculatus had the longest collateral vascular bundles, longest rays and widest rays. Cyclea ochiaiana (Yamam.) S. F. Huang & T. C. Huang had the widest collateral vascular bundles. Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson had the highest vessel density. Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. F. et Thoms develops blunt tubercles on the epidermis and Stephania tetrandra S. Moore bears conspicuous phellem layer. Those findings, such as the climbing mode, the features of parenchyma proliferation, the features of collateral vascular bundles (number, width, length), dimorphic vessels, and size and density of vessels, highlight new anatomical characteristics for species identification in the Menispermaceae in Taiwan.

广东紫珠的性状和显微鉴别研究

目的:为广东紫珠药材提供科学准确的性状和显微鉴别特征,为规范种植、检验及标准提高提供参考。方法:采集不同产地的广东紫珠,采用植物分类学方法、性状鉴别法和显微鉴定法。结果:通过研究,明确了广东紫珠各药用部位的性状特征及显微特征。性状上主要从茎枝叶有无毛,叶片形状,大小,叶柄长度,叶下表面有无腺鳞,果序分歧,果序梗长,果实大小,颜色等方面鉴别;显微上主要从茎、叶横切面和粉末显微等方面鉴别。结论:本实验为广东紫珠的品种鉴定以及与同属植物的鉴别提供了实验数据,为以后进一步的规范化种植和资源合理开发利用提供了基础和科学依据。

狭义蓼属30种药用植物的显微和偏光特征

狭义蓼属(Polygonum L.s.str.)是蓼科中的一个药用大属,《中国药典》及地方药用标准收载本属植物10余种,本草著作收载50余种,多数以其地上部分入药。蓼属药用植物的形态较为相似,花、果实很小,不易鉴别和区分,容易造成临床上的误用与混用。为了准确鉴定蓼属药用植物,本文首次对30种蓼属植物茎、叶的组织学特征及其偏光特性进行了研究。实验结果表明,蓼属植物茎横切面特征较为相似,厚壁组织如木质部、纤维等偏光现象明显;不同种类叶表面观特征的区别较为明显,首次在偏振光下发现了气孔的马耳他十字效应(Maltese-cross effect)。综合茎横切面、叶表面观的显微特征和偏光特性(组合特征),编制了30种(变种)蓼属药用植物的检索表,为蓼属药用植物的鉴别提供了依据。偏振光技术首次被用于植物器官横切面和表面观的研究,为药用植物和药材的鉴别提供了新的方法。