Influence of Ice and Snow Sports Participation Experience on Participation Constraints among Residents in Southern China:A Quantitative Analysis based on Propensity Score Matching

Under the initiative of“encouraging 300 million people to participate in ice and snow sports”and the guidance of the‘Evidence-based’policy-making process,this study takes the Hierarchical Model of Leisure Constraints as the theoretical framework to empirically explore the constraints influencing the participation of residents in Southern China in ice and snow sports.After factor analysis,the constraint dimension of residents’participation was obtained,and the constraints of participants and non-participants were evaluated and compared by Propensity Score Matching(PSM).The results indicate that Chengdu residents have potential interest in and demand for winter sports,and the constraint dimensions are:facilities and services,companions,time,and personal feelings.The predisposition scores of the experimental group and the control group revealed that the constraints on interest,relevant knowledge and skills,and personal feelings of the participating group were significantly lower than those of the non-participating group,while the other constraints were not significant.We suggest that efforts should be made to increase the effective supply according to local conditions in order to reduce structural constraints,and the social attributes should be integrated into ice and snow sports to resolve the inter-personal constraints.

Evaluation and Promotion Model of Tourist Satisfaction in Ice and Snow Tourism Destinations

The successful bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics has brought historic opportunities for the development of ice and snow tourism in China.An index system for the evaluation of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was constructed from the target layer-factor layer-index layer approach in this paper.Taking tourists with ice and snow tourism experience as the research object,and integrating a questionnaire survey and the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)method,a total of 840 valid questionnaires were collected to assess the satisfaction of tourists in snow and ice tourism destinations,and the promotion model of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was put forward.This process led to three main results.(1)Ice and snow tourists in China are characterized as young and better-educated,with college students aged 19 to 25 as the main consumer group.More than 70%of ice and snow tourists are pretty satisfied with the current development of ice and snow destinations in China,and are willing to participate again.(2)Other than“ice and snow souvenirs”,tourists’perceptions of importance are all higher than the level of perceived satisfaction,and the importance values of the 13 indicators including“Scenic spot security”and“Diversity of ice and snow entertainment and sports”are especially high,showing that tourists have high expectations and demands of the destinations.However,the perceived satisfaction level of tourists for all indexes is generally low,mostly at the general satisfaction level,indicating that ice and snow tourism destinations have only partially met the demands of ice and snow tourists,and there is still much room for improvement.(3)After IPA analysis,five suggestions for improving the satisfaction of tourists in ice and snow tourism destinations were put forward,including diversification of the tourism business model,construction of tourism facilities,a market diversified cultivation model,a humanized mode of tourism service and a refined management model.The results of this study will help to enrich the theory of ice and snow tourist satisfaction and promote the high-quality development of China's ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era.

Pay Attention to the Imaging Study of Sport Injury and Illness in Winter Olympics Sports

After successfully holding the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the series of National Games, and a successful bid of Beijing and Zhangjiakou for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, Chinese sports lace the greater opportunities of development. The imaging study of sport injury and illness in winter sports is to be developed for effective diagnosis and evaluation, which aims to stay in step with the progress in winter sports field. This will boost the development of sports promoting health strategy and advance the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.