In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit...In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal〉Oxa〉Cit〉Lac〉Suc〉Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.展开更多
Although a number of methods are available for evaluating Linezolid and its possible impurities, a common method for separation if its potential impurities, degradants and enantiomer in a single method with good effic...Although a number of methods are available for evaluating Linezolid and its possible impurities, a common method for separation if its potential impurities, degradants and enantiomer in a single method with good efficiency remain unavailable. With the objective of developing an advanced method with shorter runtimes, a simple, precise, accurate stability-indicating LC method was developed for the determination of purity of Linezolid drug substance and drug products in bulk samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of its impurities and degradation products. This method is capable of separating all the related substances of Linezolid along with the chiral impurity. This method can also be used for the estimation of assay of Linezolid in drug substance as well as in drug product. The method was developed using Chiralpak IA (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column. A mixture of acetonitrile, ethanol, n-butyl amine and trifluoro acetic acid in 96:4:0.10:0.16 (v/v/v/v) ratio was used as a mobile phase. The eluted compounds were monitored at 254 nm. Linezolid was subjected to the stress conditions of oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic degradation. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak and its impurities, proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness and system suitability.展开更多
Prognostic value of haematological indices,especially red cell distribution width,neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume,was reported with numerous investigations in miscellaneous cardiovascular settings...Prognostic value of haematological indices,especially red cell distribution width,neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume,was reported with numerous investigations in miscellaneous cardiovascular settings.Their major prognostic value was linked to oxidative stress and inflammation since their level was correlated with major inflammatory markers such as high sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukins.Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are also postulated as the main pathophysiologic mechanism of essential hypertension(HT) and its vascular complication.Recently,correlation between HT and haematological parameters was searched in numerous studies,which has made the topic more popular.Herein,we reveal the correlation between haematological indices and HT and we also demonstrate the clinical implication of this correlation.Impaired haematological parameters may strongly indicate hypertensive end-organ damage.展开更多
In the context of global warming and rapid environment change in the Arctic,the supply of organic matter(OM)has increased significantly and a large amount of OM are buried on the Arctic shelf.Studying the fate of OM i...In the context of global warming and rapid environment change in the Arctic,the supply of organic matter(OM)has increased significantly and a large amount of OM are buried on the Arctic shelf.Studying the fate of OM in Arctic shelf sediments is crucial to understanding the global carbon sink.As a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean,the Chukchi Sea is one of the most critical areas where OM is buried.Based on the surface sediment samples collected during the sixth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summer of 2014 and the SinoRussian joint Arctic Research Expedition in the summer of 2016,this study takes amino acids(AAs)as the primary tool to explore the source and degradation of OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea.This study shows that total hydrolyzable amino acid(THAA)concentrations(dry weight)are high,with a mean value of(32.7±15.8)μmol/g.Their spatial distribution is related to primary productivity,hydrodynamic conditions,sediment properties and other factors.The source of OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea is dominated by diatom-dominated marine productivity,with some input from terrestrial sources.Bacteria,as the main source of the D-enantiomer of AA(D-AA),not only have transforming effect on OM,but their cell walls and remnants likewise supply the OM pool.Based on a series of diagenetic indicators,we conclude that the OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea has undergone extensive degradation[DI(degradation index)=-0.59±0.44],and the degradation degree in the slope is higher than that in the shelf.This study uses AA to explore the sources and degradation of OM in the sediments of the Chukchi Sea,which facilitates our understanding of OM transport and transformation on the Arctic shelf.展开更多
目的 构建医疗机构健康素养(health care organization health literacy,HCOHL)测量指标体系。方法 于2021年6-12月,通过文献分析、半结构式访谈、专题小组讨论构建HCOHL测量指标体系初稿,借助专家咨询法形成HCOHL测量指标体系终稿,并...目的 构建医疗机构健康素养(health care organization health literacy,HCOHL)测量指标体系。方法 于2021年6-12月,通过文献分析、半结构式访谈、专题小组讨论构建HCOHL测量指标体系初稿,借助专家咨询法形成HCOHL测量指标体系终稿,并采取层次分析法确定指标权重。结果 构建了我国HCOHL测量指标体系4项一级指标、22项二级指标、48项三级指标和64项测量项目。一级指标中,“医疗机构完善健康素养促进型管理体系”“员工主导健康素养促进”“健康素养促进型物质环境建设”和“外部合作”的权重分别为0.380 9、0.380 9、0.159 2和0.079 0。结论 该研究构建的HCOHL测量指标体系具有科学性和可行性,可为评价医疗机构健康素养促进情况提供工具参考,为践行《健康中国行动(2019-2030年)》提供借鉴。展开更多
In this paper, three approachs were developed to find indicator species from the habitat created by coastal structures. These approachs consist of a model of species co-occurrence probability, a model of k-environment...In this paper, three approachs were developed to find indicator species from the habitat created by coastal structures. These approachs consist of a model of species co-occurrence probability, a model of k-environmental factor probability and a composite model. Simultaneously, a case study was conducted in Hsinchu Fishing Port of north-western Taiwan. Based on the aforementioned models, three primary producer species, Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis, Chondrus ocellatus and Sarcodia montagneana, were chosen as the indicator species which had the highest co-occurrence probabilities and showed greater tolerance to more critical environment. It is imperative to understand how the three species under particular co-occurring conditions and environmental factors influence the composition of sessile assemblages in coastal water. The results indicate that for the purpose of increasing biodiversity, these models are feasible to find indicator species of artificial structures, and to help make it possible to design coastal structures based on biological considerations. This study provides an innovative approach for further advanced application in the artificial habitat of coast management.展开更多
A novel quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) model for estimating the solution surface tension of 92 organic compounds at 20 °C was developed based on newly introduced atom-type topological indices....A novel quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) model for estimating the solution surface tension of 92 organic compounds at 20 °C was developed based on newly introduced atom-type topological indices.The data set contained non-polar and polar liquids,and saturated and unsaturated compounds.The regression analysis shows that excellent result is obtained with multiple linear regression.The predictive power of the proposed model was discussed using the leave-one-out(LOO) cross-validated(CV) method.The correlation coefficient(R) and the leave-one-out cross-validation correlation coefficient(RCV) of multiple linear regression model are 0.991 4 and 0.991 3,respectively.The new model gives the average absolute relative deviation of 1.81% for 92 substances.The result demonstrates that novel topological indices based on the equilibrium electro-negativity of atom and the relative bond length are useful model parameters for QSPR analysis of compounds.展开更多
Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and ...Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and garbage collection areas. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of garbage collection areas and dumpsites in different parts of Nairobi as possible sources of resistant strains using E. coli and Klebsiella as indicator species. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Sample collection was carried out at different days in seventeen different areas. A total of 126 samples were collected during the sampling period. The samples were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining was done on discrete isolates based on colony characteristics. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from primary cultures for final identification of the isolates. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests and pathogenicity tests were also carried out on the indicator isolates. A total of 121 E. coli and 165 Klebsiella were isolated from all the sampled sites. The highest bacterial burden was recorded from Muthurwa estate dumpsite, with a mean viable count of 8.2 × 1010 cfu/gm while the least was from Dandora dumpsite with a mean count of 1.1 × 1011 cfu/gm. Overall, gentamicin was the most effective antibacterial agent on Klebsiella and meropenem was the most effective on both E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that municipal waste dumpsites and garbage collection areas bear heavy burdens of potentially resistant bacteria which may constitute major public health hazards, not only to the immediate communities but also to the families of such site workers.展开更多
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27)the National Program for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of China (GJFP2017003)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal〉Oxa〉Cit〉Lac〉Suc〉Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.
文摘Although a number of methods are available for evaluating Linezolid and its possible impurities, a common method for separation if its potential impurities, degradants and enantiomer in a single method with good efficiency remain unavailable. With the objective of developing an advanced method with shorter runtimes, a simple, precise, accurate stability-indicating LC method was developed for the determination of purity of Linezolid drug substance and drug products in bulk samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of its impurities and degradation products. This method is capable of separating all the related substances of Linezolid along with the chiral impurity. This method can also be used for the estimation of assay of Linezolid in drug substance as well as in drug product. The method was developed using Chiralpak IA (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column. A mixture of acetonitrile, ethanol, n-butyl amine and trifluoro acetic acid in 96:4:0.10:0.16 (v/v/v/v) ratio was used as a mobile phase. The eluted compounds were monitored at 254 nm. Linezolid was subjected to the stress conditions of oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic degradation. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak and its impurities, proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness and system suitability.
文摘Prognostic value of haematological indices,especially red cell distribution width,neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume,was reported with numerous investigations in miscellaneous cardiovascular settings.Their major prognostic value was linked to oxidative stress and inflammation since their level was correlated with major inflammatory markers such as high sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukins.Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are also postulated as the main pathophysiologic mechanism of essential hypertension(HT) and its vascular complication.Recently,correlation between HT and haematological parameters was searched in numerous studies,which has made the topic more popular.Herein,we reveal the correlation between haematological indices and HT and we also demonstrate the clinical implication of this correlation.Impaired haematological parameters may strongly indicate hypertensive end-organ damage.
基金The Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research under contract No.SKLECKF202109the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076242,41906200,41941013,and 42176039+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2019YFE0120900the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University under contract No.SL2021MS020the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research—Shanghai Jiao Tong University under contract No.21TQ1400201the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Polar Science under contract No.SCOPSthe Ministry of Sciences and Education of the Russian Federation under contract No.project 121021700342-9。
文摘In the context of global warming and rapid environment change in the Arctic,the supply of organic matter(OM)has increased significantly and a large amount of OM are buried on the Arctic shelf.Studying the fate of OM in Arctic shelf sediments is crucial to understanding the global carbon sink.As a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean,the Chukchi Sea is one of the most critical areas where OM is buried.Based on the surface sediment samples collected during the sixth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summer of 2014 and the SinoRussian joint Arctic Research Expedition in the summer of 2016,this study takes amino acids(AAs)as the primary tool to explore the source and degradation of OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea.This study shows that total hydrolyzable amino acid(THAA)concentrations(dry weight)are high,with a mean value of(32.7±15.8)μmol/g.Their spatial distribution is related to primary productivity,hydrodynamic conditions,sediment properties and other factors.The source of OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea is dominated by diatom-dominated marine productivity,with some input from terrestrial sources.Bacteria,as the main source of the D-enantiomer of AA(D-AA),not only have transforming effect on OM,but their cell walls and remnants likewise supply the OM pool.Based on a series of diagenetic indicators,we conclude that the OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea has undergone extensive degradation[DI(degradation index)=-0.59±0.44],and the degradation degree in the slope is higher than that in the shelf.This study uses AA to explore the sources and degradation of OM in the sediments of the Chukchi Sea,which facilitates our understanding of OM transport and transformation on the Arctic shelf.
文摘目的:观察西维来司他钠治疗脓毒症伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的效果。方法:将阳江市人民医院2023年6—12月收治的脓毒症伴ARDS患者总计60例,以随机数字表法分成两组,各30例,其中一组以常规治疗为对照组,另一组以常规治疗配合西维来司他钠治疗为研究组,均治疗7 d。比较两组血清学指标(炎症指标、血小板计数、血气指标),急性生理和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、肺损伤评分,序贯器官衰竭估计(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分,机械通气时间及病死率。结果:治疗前,两组炎症指标、血气指标、血小板计数、APACHEⅡ评分、肺损伤评分、SOFA评分相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组血清炎症指标、动脉血二氧化碳分压、APACHEⅡ评分、肺损伤评分、SOFA评分均较治疗前显著下降,且研究组均低于对照组,动脉血氧饱和度及血小板计数均较治疗前提升,研究组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组机械通气时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的14 d病死率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:脓毒症伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者在接受西维来司他钠治疗,可显著减轻患者的血清炎症指标水平,改善血气指标,减轻肺损伤,缩短患者的机械通气时间,效果理想。
基金supported by the Science Council under grant number NSC94-2611-E-009-003
文摘In this paper, three approachs were developed to find indicator species from the habitat created by coastal structures. These approachs consist of a model of species co-occurrence probability, a model of k-environmental factor probability and a composite model. Simultaneously, a case study was conducted in Hsinchu Fishing Port of north-western Taiwan. Based on the aforementioned models, three primary producer species, Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis, Chondrus ocellatus and Sarcodia montagneana, were chosen as the indicator species which had the highest co-occurrence probabilities and showed greater tolerance to more critical environment. It is imperative to understand how the three species under particular co-occurring conditions and environmental factors influence the composition of sessile assemblages in coastal water. The results indicate that for the purpose of increasing biodiversity, these models are feasible to find indicator species of artificial structures, and to help make it possible to design coastal structures based on biological considerations. This study provides an innovative approach for further advanced application in the artificial habitat of coast management.
基金Projects(20775010,21075011) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2008AA05Z405) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China+2 种基金Project(09JJ3016) supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(09C066) supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,ChinaProject(2010CL01) supported by the Foundation of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation,China
文摘A novel quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) model for estimating the solution surface tension of 92 organic compounds at 20 °C was developed based on newly introduced atom-type topological indices.The data set contained non-polar and polar liquids,and saturated and unsaturated compounds.The regression analysis shows that excellent result is obtained with multiple linear regression.The predictive power of the proposed model was discussed using the leave-one-out(LOO) cross-validated(CV) method.The correlation coefficient(R) and the leave-one-out cross-validation correlation coefficient(RCV) of multiple linear regression model are 0.991 4 and 0.991 3,respectively.The new model gives the average absolute relative deviation of 1.81% for 92 substances.The result demonstrates that novel topological indices based on the equilibrium electro-negativity of atom and the relative bond length are useful model parameters for QSPR analysis of compounds.
文摘Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and garbage collection areas. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of garbage collection areas and dumpsites in different parts of Nairobi as possible sources of resistant strains using E. coli and Klebsiella as indicator species. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Sample collection was carried out at different days in seventeen different areas. A total of 126 samples were collected during the sampling period. The samples were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining was done on discrete isolates based on colony characteristics. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from primary cultures for final identification of the isolates. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests and pathogenicity tests were also carried out on the indicator isolates. A total of 121 E. coli and 165 Klebsiella were isolated from all the sampled sites. The highest bacterial burden was recorded from Muthurwa estate dumpsite, with a mean viable count of 8.2 × 1010 cfu/gm while the least was from Dandora dumpsite with a mean count of 1.1 × 1011 cfu/gm. Overall, gentamicin was the most effective antibacterial agent on Klebsiella and meropenem was the most effective on both E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that municipal waste dumpsites and garbage collection areas bear heavy burdens of potentially resistant bacteria which may constitute major public health hazards, not only to the immediate communities but also to the families of such site workers.