Effects of Planting and Irrigation Patterns on Water Consumption Characteristics and Dry Matter Production in Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different planting and irrigation patterns on water consumption characteristics and dry matter produc- tion and allocation of winter wheat. [Method] With high-yield winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as the experimental material, field experiment was conducted during 2008- 2010. A total of 3 planting patterns were designed, uniform row, wide-narrow row and furrow. Under each planting pattern, total four irrigation patterns were designed, no irrigation （Wo）, irrigation at jointing state （Wl）, irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages （W2） and irrigation at jointing, anthesis and milking stages （W3）, and the irri- gation amount per treatment was all 60 mm. [Result] Under the three planting pat- terns, with the increased irrigation amount, the total water consumption of the exper- imental field increased; the proportion of irrigation in the total water consumption in- creased, and that of soil water consumption in the total water consumption de- creased significantly. Compared with W0 treatment, various irrigation treatments sig- nificantly increased the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in wheat plants; with the increased irrigation amount, the grain yield under the three planting patterns all increased, while the water use efficiency （WUE） decreased. Under the same irriga- tion conditions, compared with other two planting patterns, furrow planting increased the total water consumption of the experimental field, increased the proportion of soil water consumption in the total water consumption, and improved the WUE and wheat grain yield. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, considering both wheat grain yield and WUE, furrow planting with moderately deficit irrigation at joint- ing and anthesis stages is more suitable for the winter wheat production in North China Plain.

Analysis of Land Use Characteristics in Mountainous Areas in Yunnan Province Based on Second National Land Survey

Abstract Based on Second National Land Survey during 2007-2009 and land use type survey in ftatland areas, status quo of land use in mountainous areas in Yun- nan was measured, and analysis was made on land use in mountainous areas in terms of land use structure, degree and development potential, providing references for rational use of land in mountainous areas in Yunnan.

青藏高原荒漠化遥感信息提取及演变分析

在青藏高原258万km2范围内,首次利用Landsat 7 ETM和Landsat3 MSS图像,对整个高原内的砂砾质荒漠化土地、盐碱质荒漠化土地和耕地、草地、林地、沼泽地、地表水体、基岩等土地类型的15种环境因子进行遥感信息提取,结合地面验证,查清了15种环境因子在20世纪70年代和21世纪初两个时期的实际分布面积。对荒漠化土地的遥感图像特征和演变规律进行了综合分析。指出了青藏高原目前在生态地质环境方面存在的突出问题主要是荒漠化程度严重、植被退化严重、水土流失严重、资源开发无序严重和水资源短缺等问题。

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS IN INCOMPRESSIBLE HYPERELASTIC CYLINDRICAL MEMBRANES

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics are examined for a cylindrical membrane composed of a transversely isotropic incompressible hyperelastic material under an applied uniform radial constant pressure at its inner surface. A second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation that approximately describes the radial oscillation of the inner surface of the membrane with respect to time is obtained. Some interesting conclusions are proposed for different materials, such as the neo-Hookean material, the Mooney-Rivlin material and the Rivlin-Saunders material. Firstly, the bifurcation conditions depending on the material parameters and the pressure loads are determined. Secondly, the conditions of periodic motion are presented in detail for membranes composed of different materials. Meanwhile, numerical simulations are also provided.

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田裂缝识别

红河油田为典型的低孔隙度低渗透率油藏,储层裂缝广泛发育。通过岩心观察、成像测井识别等手段对其裂缝特征进行了描述。研究发现该研究区裂缝在岩心上多为高角度裂缝和垂直裂缝,在成像上多为正弦波曲线显示。裂缝在双感应、八侧向和阵列感应测井曲线上均显示低值,八侧向与双感应测井值正差异;双井径微扩径,声波、中子值增大,密度值减小;在双感应电阻率正异常显示高值,八侧向电阻率值在层的上部与双感应电阻率值正差异,在层的下部与双感应电阻率值负差异;声波、密度值减小,中子值增大。裂缝在变尺度分形曲线的R/S曲线上偏离了原来的趋势线,成为近似一直线段。探讨了裂缝发育程度与单井产能的关系。研究结果表明裂缝发育段其产能普遍增高。经岩心和成像资料验证,裂缝识别率较高。