An improved reverse time migration for subsurface imaging over complex geological structures:A numerical study

In seismic exploration,it is a critical task to image and interpret different seismic signatures over complex geology due to strong lateral velocity contrast,steep reflectors,overburden strata and dipping flanks.To understand the behavior of these seismic signatures,nowadays Reverse Time Migration(RTM)technique is used extensively by the oil&gas industries.During the extrapolation phase of RTM,the source wavefield needs to be saved,which needs high storage memory and large computing time.These two are the main obstacles of RTM for production use.In order to overcome these disadvantages,in this study,a second-generation improved RTM technique is proposed.In this improved form,a shift operator is introduced at the time of imaging condition of RTM algorithm which is performed automatically both in space and time domain.This effort is made to produce a better-quality image by minimizing the computational time as well as numerical artefacts.The proposed method is applied over various benchmark models and validated by implementing over one field data set from the Jaisalmer Basin,India.From the analysis,it is observed that the method consumes a minimum of 45%less storage space and reduce the execution time by 20%,as compared to conventional RTM.The proposed RTM is found to work efficiently in comparison to the conventional RTM both in terms of imaging quality and minimization of numerical artefacts for all the benchmark models as well as field data.

A Practical Study of Intelligent Image-Based Mobile Robot for Tracking Colored Objects

Object tracking is one of the major tasks for mobile robots in many real-world applications.Also,artificial intelligence and automatic control techniques play an important role in enhancing the performance of mobile robot navigation.In contrast to previous simulation studies,this paper presents a new intelligent mobile robot for accomplishing multi-tasks by tracking red-green-blue(RGB)colored objects in a real experimental field.Moreover,a practical smart controller is developed based on adaptive fuzzy logic and custom proportional-integral-derivative(PID)schemes to achieve accurate tracking results,considering robot command delay and tolerance errors.The design of developed controllers implies some motion rules to mimic the knowledge of experienced operators.Twelve scenarios of three colored object combinations have been successfully tested and evaluated by using the developed controlled image-based robot tracker.Classical PID control failed to handle some tracking scenarios in this study.The proposed adaptive fuzzy PID control achieved the best accurate results with the minimum average final error of 13.8 cm to reach the colored targets,while our designed custom PID control is efficient in saving both average time and traveling distance of 6.6 s and 14.3 cm,respectively.These promising results demonstrate the feasibility of applying our developed image-based robotic system in a colored object-tracking environment to reduce human workloads.

Identifying the stability of housekeeping genes to be used for the quantitative real-time PCR normalization in retinal tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

AIM:To investigate the stability of the seven housekeeping genes:beta-actin(ActB),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),18s ribosomal unit 5(18s),cyclophilin A(CycA),hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT),ribosomal protein large P0(36B4)and terminal uridylyl transferase 1(U6)in the diabetic retinal tissue of rat model.METHODS:The expression of these seven genes in rat retinal tissues was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)in two groups;normal control rats and streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.The stability analysis of gene expression was investigated using geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,and comparative delta-Ct(ΔCt)algorithms.RESULTS:The 36B4 gene was stably expressed in the retinal tissues of normal control animals;however,it was less stable in diabetic retinas.The 18s gene was expressed consistently in both normal control and diabetic rats’retinal tissue.That this gene was the best reference for data normalisation in RT-qPCR studies that used the retinal tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Furthermore,there was no ideal gene stably expressed for use in all experimental settings.CONCLUSION:Identifying relevant genes is a need for achieving RT-qPCR validity and reliability and must be appropriately achieved based on a specific experimental setting.

Emotionally Resonant Branding: The Role of AI in Synthesising Dynamic Brand Images for Artists in the Music Industry

Artificial Intelligence (AI) expands its recognition rapidly through the past few years in the context of generating content dynamically, remarkably challenging the human creativity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of AI in enhancing personal branding for musicians, particularly in crafting brand images based on emotions received from the artist’s music will improve the audience perceptions regarding the artist’s brand. Study used a quantitative approach for the research, gathering primary data from the survey of 191 people—music lovers, musicians and music producers. The survey focuses on preferences, perceptions, and behaviours related to music consumption and artist branding. The study results demonstrate the awareness and understanding of AI’s role in personal branding within the music industry. Also, results indicate that such an adaptive approach enhances audience perceptions of the artist and strengthens emotional connections. Furthermore, over 50% of the participants indicated a desire to attend live events where an artist’s brand image adapts dynamically to their emotions. The study focuses on novel approaches in personal branding based on the interaction of AI-driven emotional data. In contrast to traditional branding concepts, this study indicates that AI can suggest dynamic and emotionally resonant brand identities for artists. The real time audience response gives proper guidance for the decision-making. This study enriches the knowledge of AI’s applicability to branding processes in the context of the music industry and opens the possibilities for additional advancements in building emotionally appealing brand identities.

Real-time and high-transmission middle-infrared optical imaging system based on a pixel-wise metasurface micro-polarization array

Real-time polarization medium-wave infrared(MIR)optical imaging systems enable the acquisition of infrared and polarization information for a target.At present,real-time polarization MIR devices face the following problems:poor real-time performance,low transmission and high requirements for fabrication and integration.Herein,we aim to improve the performance of real-time polarization imaging systems in the MIR waveband and solve the above-mentioned defects.Therefore,we propose a MIR polarization imaging system to achieve real-time polarization-modulated imaging with high transmission as well as improved performance based on a pixel-wise metasurface micro-polarization array(PMMPA).The PMMPA element comprises several linear polarization(LP)filters with different polarization angles.The optimization results demonstrate that the transmittance of the center field of view for the LP filters is up to 77%at a wavelength of4.0μm and an extinction ratio of 88 d B.In addition,a near-diffraction-limited real-time MIR imaging optical system is designed with a field of view of 5°and an F-number of 2.The simulation results show that an MIR polarization imaging system with excellent real-time performance and high transmission is achieved by using the optimized PMMPA element.Therefore,the method is compatible with the available optical system design technologies and provides a way to realize real-time polarization imaging in MIR wavebands.

Real-time image processing and display in object size detection based on VC++

Real-time detection for object size has now become a hot topic in the testing field and image processing is the core algorithm. This paper focuses on the processing and display of the collected dynamic images to achieve a real-time image pro- cessing for the moving objects. Firstly, the median filtering, gain calibration, image segmentation, image binarization, cor- ner detection and edge fitting are employed to process the images of the moving objects to make the image close to the real object. Then, the processed images are simultaneously displayed on a real-time basis to make it easier to analyze, understand and identify them, and thus it reduces the computation complexity. Finally, human-computer interaction （HCI）-friendly in- terface based on VC ＋＋ is designed to accomplish the digital logic transform, image processing and real-time display of the objects. The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm and software design have better real-time performance and accu- racy which can meet the industrial needs.

A Flexible DSP-Based Network forReal-Time Image-Processing

This paper proposed a general purpose real-time image processing system based on a flexible DSP-based Network, which is implemented by a high bandwidth communication channel, links. The links is realized using FPGA and provides a bandwidth of 12. 8 Gbit/s. Using the links, The topologic of multi-DSP system can be changed online to meet the variabilities of the parallel algorithm of image processing. The system can be assembled with utmost tens of boards and maintain the high communication speed. Analysis of the system adaptivity to image processing is testified followed by actual results. Key words real-time image processing - multi-DSP - flexible - scalable - FPGA - links CLC number TP 303 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60135020)Biography: MAO Hai-cen(1973-), male, Ph.D. candidate, research direction: artificial intelligence, expert system, pattern recognition and image processing

New multi-DSP parallel computing architecture for real-time image processing

The flexibility of traditional image processing system is limited because those system are designed for specific applications. In this paper, a new TMS320C64x-based multi-DSP parallel computing architecture is presented. It has many promising characteristics such as powerful computing capability, broad I/O bandwidth, topology flexibility, and expansibility. The parallel system performance is evaluated by practical experiment.

Slicing Method for Reverse Engineering Based on Image Mosaic

Reverse engineering dealing with images is traditionally based on image processing and contour recognition. A new method is presented based on the combination of sectional slicing with image mosaic. Sectional contours of the target object are generated by colorful liquid or laser scanning, these images from different views are fused into a set of complete cross-sectional images, thereby the whole practical model is reconstructed in 3D space.

High performance reconfigurable hardware system for real-time image processing

A novel reconfigurable hardware system which uses both muhi-DSP and FPGA to attain high performance and real-time image processing are presented. The system structure and working principle of mainly processing multi-BSP board, extended multi-DSP board are analysed. The outstanding advantage is that the communication among different board components of this system is supported by high speed link ports ＆ serial ports for increasing the system performance and computational power. Then the implementation of embedded real-time operating systems （RTOS） by us is discussed in detail. In this system, we adopt two kinds of parallel structures controlled by RTOS for parallel processing of algorithms. The experimental results show that exploitive period of the system is short, and maintenance convenient. Thus it is suitable for real-time image processing and can get satisfactory effect of image recognition.

Real-time parameters monitoring system for underground equipment based on panoramic images

Complex terrain and working equipment in coal mine underground need a way to ensure coal mine safety. In this paper, the way to monitor the real-time status of underground equipment was put forward, and it was proved to be effective as commanding and dispatching system. Monitoring system for underground equipment based on panoramic images was effectively combined with real-time sensor data and static panoramic images of underground surrounding, which not only realizes real-time status monitoring for underground equipment, but also gets a direct scene for underground surrounding. B/S mode was applied in the monitoring system and this is convenient for users to monitor the equipment. Meantime, it can reduce the waste of the data resource.

An FPGA-based real-time image processing system

This paper analyzes the current difficulties encountered in on-line inspection systems of strip surface quality, specifically relating to problems with real-time processing of huge amounts of data. To address this need, this paper describes an FPGA-based high-speed image processing module with both hardware and software aspects. Improving these two aspects together will help the system achieve real-time processing of massive image data, and simplifies the architecture of the strip surface quality on-line inspection system.

Image Fusion Real-time System Based on FPGA and Multi-DSP

In order to solve complex algorithm that is difficult to achieve real-time processing of Multiband image fusion within large amount of data, a real-time image fusion system based on FPGA and multi-DSP is designed. Five-band image acquisition, image registration, image fusion and display output can be done within the system which uses FPGA as the main processor and the other three DSP as an algorithm processor. Making full use of Flexible and high-speed characteristics of FPGA, while an image fusion algorithm based on multi-wavelet transform is optimized and applied to the system. The final experimental results show that the frame rate of 15 Hz, with a resolution of 1392 × 1040 of the five-band image can be used by the system to complete processing within 41ms.

A fast and adaptive method for automatic weld defect detection in various real-time X-ray imaging systems

A first and effective method is proposed to detect weld deject adaptively in various Dypes of real-time X-ray images obtained in different conditions. After weld extraction and noise reduction, a proper template of median filter is used to estimate the weld background. After the weld background is subtracted from the original image, an adaptite threshold segmentation algorithm is proposed to obtain the binary image, and then the morphological close and open operation, labeling algorithm and fids＇e alarm eliminating algorithm are applied to pracess the binary image to obtain the defect, ct detection result. At last, a fast realization procedure jbr proposed method is developed. The proposed method is tested in real-time X-ray image,s obtairted in different X-ray imaging sutems. Experiment results show that the proposed method is effective to detect low contrast weld dejects with few .false alarms and is adaptive to various types of real-time X-ray imaging systems.

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image Based on Block Classification Permutation

Recently,reversible data hiding in encrypted image(RDHEI)has attracted extensive attention,which can be used in secure cloud computing and privacy protection effectively.In this paper,a novel RDHEI scheme based on block classification and permutation is proposed.Content owner first divides original image into non-overlapping blocks and then set a threshold to classify these blocks into smooth and non-smooth blocks respectively.After block classification,content owner utilizes a specific encryption method,including stream cipher encryption and block permutation to protect image content securely.For the encrypted image,data hider embeds additional secret information in the most significant bits(MSB)of the encrypted pixels in smooth blocks and the final marked image can be obtained.At the receiver side,secret data will be extracted correctly with data-hiding key.When receiver only has encryption key,after stream cipher decryption,block scrambling decryption and MSB error prediction with threshold,decrypted image will be achieved.When data hiding key and encryption key are both obtained,receiver can find the smooth and non-smooth blocks correctly and MSB in smooth blocks will be predicted correctly,hence,receiver can recover marked image losslessly.Experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can achieve better rate-distortion performance than some of state-of-the-art schemes.

A new imaging mode based on X-ray CT as prior image and sparsely sampled projections for rapid clinical proton CT

Proton computed tomography(CT)has a distinct practical significance in clinical applications.It eliminates 3–5%errors caused by the transformation of Hounsfield unit(HU)to relative stopping power(RSP)values when using X-ray CT for positioning and treatment planning systems(TPSs).Following the development of FLASH proton therapy,there are increased requirements for accurate and rapid positioning in TPSs.Thus,a new rapid proton CT imaging mode is proposed based on sparsely sampled projections.The proton beam was boosted to 350 MeV by a compact proton linear accelerator(LINAC).In this study,the comparisons of the proton scattering with the energy of 350 MeV and 230 MeV are conducted based on GEANT4 simulations.As the sparsely sampled information associated with beam acquisitions at 12 angles is not enough for reconstruction,X-ray CT is used as a prior image.The RSP map generated by converting the X-ray CT was constructed based on Monte Carlo simulations.Considering the estimation of the most likely path(MLP),the prior image-constrained compressed sensing(PICCS)algorithm is used to reconstruct images from two different phantoms using sparse proton projections of 350 MeV parallel proton beam.The results show that it is feasible to realize the proton image reconstruction with the rapid proton CT imaging proposed in this paper.It can produce RSP maps with much higher accuracy for TPSs and fast positioning to achieve ultra-fast imaging for real-time image-guided radiotherapy(IGRT)in clinical proton therapy applications.

Heterogeneity induced strain localization in block-in-matrix-soils subjected to uniaxial loading using real-time CT scanning

Block-in-matrix-soils(bimsoils)are geological mixtures that have distinct structures consisting of relatively strong rock blocks and weak matrix soils.It is still a challenge to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of bimsoils because of the heterogeneity,chaotic structure,and lithological variability.As a result,only very limited laboratory studies have been reported on the evolution of their internal deformation.In this study,the deformation evolution of bimsoils under uniaxial loading is investigated using real-time X-ray computed tomography(CT)and image correlation algorithm(with a rock block percentage(RBP)of 40%).Three parameters,i.e.heterogeneity coefficient(K),correlation coefficient(CC),and standard deviation(STD)of displacement fields,are proposed to quantify the heterogeneity of the motion of the rock blocks and the progressive deformation of the bimsoils.Experimental results show that the rock blocks in bimsoils are prone to forming clusters with increasing loading,and the sliding surface goes around only one side of a cluster.Based on the movement of the rock blocks recorded by STD and CC,the progressive deformation of the bimsoils is quantitatively divided into three stages:initialization of the rotation of rock blocks,formation of rock block clusters,and formation of a shear band by rock blocks with significant rotation.Moreover,the experimental results demonstrate that the meso-motion of rock blocks controls the macroscopic mechanical properties of the samples.

The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves in “HJ-1A/B” CCD sun glitter images

The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves appearing in the small satellite constellation for environ- ment and disaster monitoring and forecasting （＂HJ- 1A/B＂） CCD sun glitter images can affect the observation and depth inversion of sand wave topography. The simulations of the normalized sun glitter radiance on the submarine sand waves confirm that the reversal would happen at a specific sensor viewing angle, defined as the critical angle. The difference between the calculated critical angle position and the reversal position in the image is about 1＇, which is excellent in agreement. Both the simulation and actual image show that sand wave crests would be indistinct at the reversal position, which may cause problems when using these sun glitter images to analyze spatial characteristics and migration of sand waves. When using the sun glitter image to obtain the depth inversion, one should take the advantage of image properties of sand waves and choose the location in between the reversal position and the brightest position. It is also necessary to pay attention to the brightness reversal when using ＂HI-1A/B＂ CCD images to analyze other oceanic features, such as internal waves, oil slicks, eddies, and ship wakes.

A GLCM-Feature-Based Approach for Reversible Image Transformation

Recently,a reversible image transformation(RIT)technology that transforms a secret image to a freely-selected target image is proposed.It not only can generate a stego-image that looks similar to the target image,but also can recover the secret image without any loss.It also has been proved to be very useful in image content protection and reversible data hiding in encrypted images.However,the standard deviation(SD)is selected as the only feature during the matching of the secret and target image blocks in RIT methods,the matching result is not so good and needs to be further improved since the distributions of SDs of the two images may be not very similar.Therefore,this paper proposes a Gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)based approach for reversible image transformation,in which,an effective feature extraction algorithm is utilized to increase the accuracy of blocks matching for improving the visual quality of transformed image,while the auxiliary information,which is utilized to record the transformation parameters,is not increased.Thus,the visual quality of the stego-image should be improved.Experimental results also show that the root mean square of stego-image can be reduced by 4.24%compared with the previous method.

Real-time Three-Dimensional Color Doppler Flow Imaging： An Improved Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Aortic Regurgitation

The recently introduced real-time three-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging （RT-3D CDFI） technique provides a quick and accurate calculation of regurgitant jet volume （RJV） and fraction. In order to evaluate RT-3D CDFI in the noninvasive assessment of aortic RJV and regurgitant jet fraction （RJF） in patients with isolated aortic regurgitation, real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on 23 patients with isolated aortic regurgitation to obtain LV end-diastolic volumes （LVEDV）, end-systolic volumes （LVESV） and RJV, and then RJF could be calculated. The regurgitant volume （RV） and regurgitant fraction （RF） calculated by two-dimensional pulsed Doppler （2D-PD） method served as reference values. The results showed that aortic RJV measured by the RT-3D CDFI method showed a good correlation with the 2D-PD measurements （r= 0.93, Y=0.89X＋ 3.9, SEE= 8.6 mL, P〈0.001 ）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was - 1.5 （9.8） mL. % RJF estimated by the RT-3D CDFI method was also correlated well with the values obtained by the 2D-PD method （r=0.88, Y=0.71X＋ 14.8, SEE= 6.4 %, P〈0. 001）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was -1.2 （7.9） %. It was suggested that the newly developed RT-3D CDFI technique was feasible in the majority of patients. In patients with eccentric aortic regurgitation, this new modality provides additional information to that obtained from the two-dimensional examination, which overcomes the inherent limitations of two-dimensional echocardiography by depicting the full extent of the jet trajectory. In addition, the RT-3D CDFI method is quick and accurate in calculating RJV and RJF.