Effects of Tongluo Jiedu prescription on immune function and oxidative stress in patients with oral cancer

BACKGROUND Oral cancer,which is caused by mucous membrane variation,represents a prevalent malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region,posing a significant threat to patients’lives and safety.While surgical intervention stands as a cornerstone treatment for oral cancer patients,it carries the risk of incomplete treatment or high rates of postoperative recurrence.Hence,a multifaceted approach incorporating diverse treatment modalities is essential to enhance patient prognosis.AIM To analyze the application effect of Tongluo Jiedu prescription as adjuvant therapy and its influence on patient prognosis in patients with oral cancer.METHODS Eighty oral cancer patients in our hospital were selected and divided into the observation group and control group by a random number table.The control group was treated with continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil.The observation group was additionally given Tongluo Jiadu prescription.The inflammatory stress level,peripheral blood T-cell subsets,and immune function of the two groups were subsequently observed.SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated lower levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein,and a higher level of tumor necrosis factor in comparison to the control group.After treatment,the immune function in the observation group was significantly better than in the control group.CONCLUSION Tongluo Jiedu prescription can improve the immune function and oxidative stress level of patients with oral cancer and accelerate the recovery process.

Human herpesvirus 7 meningitis in an adolescent with normal immune function:A case report

BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus type 7(HHV-7)is a less common herpes virus that usually causes mild,self-limiting illnesses.However,in recent years,there have been increasing reports of HHV-7 causing serious central nervous system infections,especially meningitis.The pathogenesis and clinical features of HHV-7 meningitis,particularly in adolescents with normal immune function,remain incompletely studied.Therefore,the purpose of this report is to share a case of HHV-7 meningitis in an immunocompetent adolescent with a view to deepening our understanding of the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old female was admitted with fever,headache,and vomiting.4 d before admission,the patient developed a fever without obvious induction,with a temperature up to 39.5℃,no convulsions,accompanied by chills,headaches,fatigue,and no muscle aches.The patient was treated with fever reduction,which could be reduced to 38℃;repeated high fever,accompanied by vomiting 7-8 times;and no abdominal pain or diarrhea.The patient was diagnosed with"acute suppurative tonsillitis"in a local hospital,and the blood routine was generally normal.The patient was given symptomatic support treatment such as"ceftriaxone sodium"and antiemetic rehydration for 2 d,and his condition did not improve.The patient's physical examination showed pharyngeal congestion,bilateral tonsil grade I hypertrophy,regression of purulent secretions,and cervical resistance.Ocular B-ultrasound:Opacity of the vitreous body and edema of the optic disc in both eyes.Optical coherence tomography examination showed that the macular fovea was generally normal in both eyes,with edema of the optic disc.DNA virus monitoring results:HHV-7.We gave ganciclovir antiviral therapy,dexamethasone anti-inflammatory treatment,mannitol to reduce cranial pressure,omeprazole to protect gastrointestinal mucosa,and calcium and potassium supplementation.CONCLUSION This study reports a case of HHV-7 meningitis in an adolescent with normal immune function.Through comprehensive analysis of the clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,and treatment methods of the patient,it is found that early identification and antiviral treatment are essential for the outcome of the disease.This case suggests that despite normal immune function,adolescents may still suffer from herpes virus type 7 meningitis,so clinicians should be vigilant and take effective treatment measures in time.

Clinical effect of spleen aminopeptide on improving liver function damage and immune function in children with infant hepatitis syndrome

BACKGROUND Infant hepatitis syndrome(IHS)is a clinical syndrome in infants less than one year of age with generalized skin jaundice,abnormal liver function,and hepato-megaly due to various etiologies such as infection.AIM To investigate the effect of IHS patients,after treatment with arsphenamine-based peptides,on patients'liver function damage and immune function.METHODS Of 110 patients with IHS treated in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were grouped according to the randomized residual grouping method,with 5 cases in each group shed due to transfer,etc.Ultimately,50 cases remained in each group.The control group was treated with reduced glutathione,and the treat-ment group was treated with sesquiterpene peptide based on the control group.Observe and compare the differences in indicators after treatment.RESULTS The comparison of serum total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,and serum alanine transferase after treatment was significantly different and lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).The comparison of CD4+,CD3+,CD4+/CD8+after treatment was significantly different and higher in the treatment group than in the control group,and the comparison was statist-ically significant(P<0.05).The complication of the two groups showed that the rash,cough and sputum,elevated platelets,and gastrointestinal reactions in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant by test(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The comparative study of IHS treated with arsphenamine combined with reduced glutathione is more effective.

Effect of Shortening Day Length on Immune Function in Siberian Hamsters

In order to understand the effect of gradual changes in photoperiod on immune function, adult female Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were randomly divided into the control group (12L:12D, Con, n = 11) and the shortening day length group (SD, n = 11), in which day length was reduced from 12:12 h to 8:16 h light-dark cycle at the pace of half an hour every week. Meanwhile the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis, which holds that animals’ immune function would be enhanced in winter or winter-like conditions, was tested. Gradual shortening day length had no effect on body mass and body composition including wet carcass mass, the subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, mesenteric and total body fat masses in Siberian hamsters. The masses of liver and small intestine with contents were higher in the SD group than in the Con group, however other organ masses such as brain, heart, kidney and so on did not differ between the two groups. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response after 24 h of PHA injection was enhanced by the shortening photoperiod, which supported the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis. The masses of spleen and thymus, white blood cells, bacteria killing capacity indicative of innate immunity were not affected, which did not support this hypothesis. In summary, gradually decrease in day length increased cellular immunity, but had no effect on other immunological parameters in Siberian hamsters.

Impact of minimally invasive surgery on immune function and stress response in gastric cancer patients

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally.Traditional open surgery for gastric cancer is often associated with significant morbidity and prolonged recovery.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery as an alternative to traditional open surgery for gastric cancer,focusing on its potential to reduce trauma,accelerate recovery,and achieve comparable oncological out-comes.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 203 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery at the Shanghai Health Medical College Affiliated Chongming Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023.The patients were divided into two groups:Minimally invasive surgery group(n=102),who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy,and open surgery group(n=101),who underwent traditional open gastrectomy.We compared surgical indicators(surgical incision size,intraop-erative blood loss,surgical duration,and number of lymph nodes dissected),recovery parameters(time to first flatus,time to start eating,time to ambulation,and length of hospital stay),immune function(levels of IgA,IgG,and IgM),intestinal barrier function(levels of D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase),and stress response(levels of C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,and procalcitonin).RESULTS The minimally invasive surgery group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in terms of surgical indicators,including smaller incisions,less blood loss,shorter surgery time,and more lymph nodes dissected(P<0.05 for all).Recovery was also faster in the minimally invasive surgery group,with earlier return of bowel function,earlier initiation of diet,quicker mobilization,and shorter hospital stays(P<0.05 for all).Furthermore,patients in the minimally invasive surgery group had better preserved immune function,superior intestinal barrier function,and a less pronounced stress response postoperatively(P<0.05 for all).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer not only provides superior surgical indicators and faster recovery but also offers advantages in preserving immune function,protecting intestinal barrier function,and mitigating the stress response compared to traditional open surgery.These findings support the broader adoption of laparoscopic techniques in the management of gastric cancer.

Role of Immune Cells and Non-immune Cells with Immune Functions in the Pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS

This review outlines the effects of different types of cells with immune function on acute lung injury(ALI)inflammation and the regulation of inflammatory responses between these cells via cell-cell interactions.It is expected to provide some possible strategies for the research and treatment of ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).

The Effect of Immunotherapy on the Gut Microbiota,Intestinal Barrier,and Immune Function in Patients with Gastric Cancer

Objective:To explore the effect of immunotherapy on the gut microbiota,intestinal barrier,and immune function in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:From July 2023 to July 2024,60 patients with gastric cancer from our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,the control group and the study group,with 30 patients in each group.The control group received conventional treatment,while the study group received immunotherapy.A comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups on gut microbiota content(Bifidobacterium,Fusobacterium nucleatum,Streptococcus,Lactobacillus acidophilus),intestinal barrier indicators[D-lactate(D-LA),diamine oxidase(DAO),lipopolysaccharide(LPS)],immune function indicators[Immunoglobulin A(IgA),Immunoglobulin G(IgG),Immunoglobulin M(IgM)],adverse reactions,and treatment effects.Results:After treatment,the content of Bifidobacterium and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the study group was higher than in the control group,while the content of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus acidophilus was lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of D-lactate and DAO in the study group were lower than in the control group,while the LPS level in the study group was higher(P<0.05).The levels of IgA and IgG in the study group were lower than in the control group,and the IgM level was also lower than in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the total incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The overall treatment efficacy rate in the study group was higher than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Immunotherapy in patients with gastric cancer can improve gut microbiota,intestinal barrier,and immune function,reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions,and promote better clinical treatment outcomes,making it worthy of clinical recommendation.

Clinical Efficacy of Laparoscopic Radical Colorectal Cancer Treatment for Colorectal Cancer and Its Effect on Immune Function

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer treatment in colorectal cancer patients.Methods:A total of 50 colorectal cancer patients treated between August 2018 and August 2023 were randomly divided into two groups:Group A underwent laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery,while Group B received open surgery.Clinical indicators,inflammatory factors,immune function indicators,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:Group A showed significantly shorter operation times,faster recovery times,and reduced hospital stays compared to Group B.Additionally,Group A had less abdominal drainage and intraoperative bleeding(P<0.05).Levels of interleukin(IL)-4,IL-6,ultrasensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)were lower in Group A compared to Group B(P<0.05).Furthermore,immune function indicators,including CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+ratios,were better in Group A(P<0.05).The complication rate in Group A was also lower than in Group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:Laparoscopic radical treatment for colorectal cancer is efficient and feasible,causing minimal immune function impairment and inflammatory response.It also shortens postoperative recovery time.

Modulation of Lianbizi Injection (Andrographolide ) on Some Immune Functions

Objective: To study the effects of andrographolide on immune functions and the immune mechanism in clinical therapy.Methods: The amounts of IFN-α,IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) culture supernatants dealt with by different concentrations of LianBiZhi (LBZ) injection, the effective component of which is andrographolide, were detected by biological activity test or ELISA in vitro. The effects of LBZ injection on macrophage phagocytotic function and natural killer cells cytotoxicity were examined by means of macrophage to phagocytize cock erythrocyte and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity released from the damaged cells, respectively.Results: The LBZ injection could not only enhance the phagocytosis activity of peritoneal macrophage from guinea pig to phagocytosis cock erythrocytes, but also augment the cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells from PBMCs.Conclusion: Andrographolide is an immunostimulant agent which can modulate both antigen specific and nonspecific immune function by means of its natural killer cells, macrophage and cytokines.

IMMUNE FUNCTION OF IMMATURE RAINBOW TROUT ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) RELATED WITH PHOTOPERIOD

Radioimmunoassay,enzyme linked immunospot assay and enzyme immunoassay were used for the determinations of plasma steroid hormone's level,antibody producing cell's counting and IgM level in this study.The decreased number of antibody producing cells and low IgM levels were observed in sexual immature rainbow trout during the spawning season.These fish were reared under almost constant water temperature and natural photoperiod.Moreover,low IgM level was also observed in immature rainbow trout,which were reared under short photoperiod,and IgM level was not changed by treatment of testosterone.The results suggest that photoperoid may cause the changes in immune competence.It is possible that circadian rhythm accompanied with photoperiod may influence physiological function of fish,so that immune competence is changed.

Effects of Echinacea Compound on the Immune Function of Weaned Piglets

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate effects of Echinacea compound on the immune function of weaned piglets. [Method] Eighty Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred piglets were randomly divided into four groups： control group （drug-free group）, 1.5% close group, 1.0% dose group and 0.5% dose group. Blood samples of piglets were collected at 20, 35, 50, 60, 70 and 80 days old, respective- ly, to determine neutrophil leukocyte percentage in peripheral blood, lymphocyte trapsformation rate and the levels of antibodies against classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome disorder. [Result] Applying a certain dose of Echinacea compound could significantly increase neutrophil leukocyte per- centage in peripheral blood and lymphocyte transformation rate （P〈0.05）, and ex- tremely significantly improve the levels of antibodies against classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome disorder （P〈0.01）. [Conclusion] Echi- nacea compound has played a certain role in promoting nonspecific and specific im- mune function of piglets.

Preliminary Study on the Effects of Zizhuliqing on Animal Cellular Immune Function

[Objective] The study aimed to explore the effects of Zizhuliqing Oral Liquid on animal cellular immune function.[Method] MTT method and phagocytizing natural red method were used to determine the effects of Zizhuliqing Oral Liquid on piglet lymphocyte transformation and the phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages respectively.[Result] The lymphocyte transformation rates of piglets in medicated groups were significantly higher than that in control group;the difference of mouse peritoneal macrophage activities between the medicated groups and the control group was obvious.[Conclusion] Zizhuliqing Oral Liquid could promote the transformation of piglet T lymphocytes induced by ConA and the phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages to natural red,indicating its good immune enhancement function.

Effect of early enteral nutrition on postoperative nutritional status and immune function in elderly patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer

To explore the effect of early enteral nutrition （EN） on postoperative nutritional status, intestinal permeability, and immune 6anction in elderly patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer. Methods： A total of 96 patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from June 2007 to December 2010 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into EN group （n=50） and parenteral nutrition （PN） group （n=46） based on the nutrition support modes. The body weight, time to first flatus/defecation, average hospital stay, complications and mortality after the surgery as well as the liver function indicators were recorded and analyzed. Peripheral blood samples were collected on the days 1, 4 and 7 after surgery. The plasma diamine oxidase （DAO） activity and D-lactate level were determined to assess the intestinal permeability. The plasma endotoxin levels were determined using dynamic turbidimetric assay to assess the protective effect of EN on intestinal mucosal barrier. The postoperative blood levels of inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins were determined using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： After the surgery, the time to first flatus/defecation, average hospital stay, and complications were significantly less in the EN group than those in the PN group （P〈0.05）, whereas the EN group had significantly higher albumin levels than the PN group （P〈0.05）. On the 7th postoperative day, the DAO activity, D-lactate level and endotoxin contents were significantly lower in the EN group than those in the PN group （all P〈0.05）. In addition, the EN group had significantly higher IgA, IgG, IgM, and CD4 levels than the PN group （P〈0.05） but significantly lower IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-a levels （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： In elderly patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer, early EN after surgery can effectively improve the nutritional status, protect intestinal mucosal barrier （by reducing plasma endoxins）, and enhance the immune function

Association of polymorphisms of Nramp1 gene with immune function and production performance of large white pig

The present research was designed to study the association of polymorphism of natural resistance-associated macrophage proteinl （Nrampl） with some immune function and the production performance in Large White pig. The PCR-RFLP technique was applied to analyze the correlation between the polymorphisms of Nrampl gene and immune function [value of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes （PMN） obtained by Nitroblue Tetrazolium （NBT） Reduction and effect of Cytotoxin in Monocyte] and production performance in 165 Large White pigs. The results showed that there was one Nde I restriction locus in Large White pig, and both values of PMN by NBT Reduction and effect of Cytotoxin in Monocyte in genotype BB were higher than those in genotype AB （P〈0.05）. Simultaneously, the weight of 180-day-old pigs with genotype BB was higher than that with genotype AB （P〈0.05）. The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between different genotypes of Nrampl gene and Immune function and production performance, and it can be regarded as a candidate gene of disease resistance. All these results provide valuable reference to further studies of pig disease resistance.

Effects of a Shuangling Fuzheng anticancer preparation on the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and immune function in a cyclophosphamide-treated murine model

AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of a Shuangling Fuzheng anticancer preparation (SFAP) on the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 in vitro as well as its immune-modulated effects in a cyclophosphamide-treated murine model. METHODS: MTT experiments and immunocytochemistry ABC experiments were performed for detecting the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in vitro and protein expression of c-myc. The staphylococcal protein A (SPA) rosette test was utilized for measuring the ratio of T-lymphocyte subsets from peripheral blood in a cyclophosphamide-treated murine model. Enzyme- linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was performed for measuring the levels of serum sIL-2R in treated mice, while immunoturbidimetry was used for measuring the levels of immunoglobulins (Ig). RESULTS: SFAP (40-640 mg/L, 48 h) inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells, and a positive correlation was noted between inhibitory effects and dosage. At a dosage of 160-320 mg/L in cultured cells, the expression of c-myc was decreased. SFAP (50-200 mg/kg) increased the percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes, the ratio of CD4/CD8, and the contents of Ig such as IgM, IgG or IgA, but decreased the levels of serum sIL-2R in peripheral blood from cyclophosphamide-treated mice. CONCLUSION: SFAP can inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells via the c-myc gene. In addition, SFAP can modulat the cellular and humoral immunity in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.

Effect of postoperative early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immune function of cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Most cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice(MOJ)have varying degrees of malnutrition and immunodeficiency preoperatively.Therefore,perioperative nutritional support has important clinical significance in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.AIM To investigate the effects of postoperative early enteral nutrition(EEN)on immunity function and clinical outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ.METHODS This prospective clinical study included 60 cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ who underwent surgery.The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group according to the nutrition support modes.The control group received postoperative total parenteral nutrition(TPN),whereas the experimental group received postoperative EEN and parenteral nutrition(PN;EEN+PN).The clinical outcomes,postoperative immune function,incidences of surgical site infection and bile leakage,intestinal function recovery time,average hospitalization days,and hospitalization expenses of the two groups were assessed on postoperative days(PODs)1,3,and 7.RESULTS The CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,and CD4+T/CD8+T cell count and the immunoglobulin(Ig)G,IgM,and IgA levels in the EEN+PN group were significantly higher than those in the TPN group on PODs 3 and 7(P<0.05),whereas no significant differences in the CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,and CD4+T/CD8+T cell counts and IgG,IgM,and IgA levels before operation and on POD 1 were found between the two groups(P>0.05).The intestinal function recovery time and postoperative hospital stay were shorter(P<0.001 for both)in the EEN+PN group than in the TPN group.The hospitalization expenses of the EEN+PN group were lower than those of the TPN group(P<0.001).However,the incidence of abdominal distension was higher than in the EEN+PN group than in the TPN group(P<0.05).The incidence rates of biliary leakage and surgical site infection were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION A postoperative EEN program could reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the clinical outcomes and immune functions of cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ and is thus beneficial to patient recovery.

Effect of Excessive Iodine on Immune Function of Lymphocytes and Intervention with Selenium

In order to study the effect of excessive iodine on immune function of lymphocytes and the role of selenium supplementation with excessive iodine intake, the changes of T lymphocyte number, ratio of subsets, activity of natural killer （NK） cells and lymphocytes proliferation response were investigated. 150 female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into 5 groups in terms of their body weight （n=30 in each group）, and 10 of each group were taken as one batch for test. Mice in the 5 groups were orally administrated with iodine 0 （group Ⅰ ）, 1500 （group Ⅱ）, 3000 （group Ⅲ）, 6000 μg/L （group ）, iodine 6000 μg/L plus selenium 0.3 mg/L （group Ⅴ） respectively for 30 days. Lymphocyte proliferation response, CD4^＋/CD8^＋, Th1/Th2 and the activity of NK cells were measured. CD4^＋/CD8^＋ was significantly lower, while lymphocyte proliferation response stronger, and Th1/Th2 and the activity of NK cells significantly higher in group Ⅳ than in group Ⅰ （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference in all indexes between group Ⅴ and group Ⅰ （P〉0.05）. It was suggested that excessive iodine as exogenous chemical materials can induce disorders of T lymphocyte immune function in mice. 0.3 mg/L selenium supplementation can protect mice against toxicity induced by 6000 μg/L iodine.

Effect of taurine on immune function in mice with T-cell lymphoma during chemotherapy

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of taurine on immune function in mice with T-cell lymphoma during chemotherapy.MethodsA total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, namely model group, chemotherapy group, taurine group and chemotherapy + taurine group, each containing 10 mice. Hypodermic injection was adopted to inoculate EL-4 cells in order to establish model of T-cell lymphoma. When the tumor achieved the size of 1 cm3, intervention treatments were given to the groups respectively. Mice in model group received 0.2 mL of normal saline which was intraperitoneally injected on Days 1, 8 and 15 with 3 weeks as a cycle; mice in chemotherapy group were administered with 80 mg/kg body weight of gemcitabine which was also intraperitoneally injected on Days 1, 8 and 15 with 3 weeks as a cycle; mice in taurine group were administered with 80 mg/kg body weight of taurine intraperitoneally injected daily for consecutive 8 d; mice in chemotherapy + taurine group were treated in the same manner as the mice in taurine group and chemotherapy group. Five mice were sacrificed at 2 and 3 weeks after intervention respectively, and the tumor tissues were collected and weighted after removal of auxiliary tissue, then the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The thymus and spleen of mice sacrificed at 3 weeks after intervention were collected and weighted, and thymus and spleen indexes were calculated. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ in mice of each group.ResultsThe tumor weights in chemotherapy group, taurine group and chemotherapy + taurine group after 2 and 3 weeks of treatment were significantly lower than that in model group (P < 0.05); the tumor weight in chemotherapy + taurine group after 2 and 3 weeks of treatment was significantly lower than that in chemotherapy group (P < 0.05); the tumor inhibition rate in chemotherapy + taurine group was significantly higher than that in chemotherapy group and taurine group (P < 0.05); the thymus and spleen indexes in taurine group and chemotherapy + taurine group were significantly higher than those in chemotherapy group and model group (P < 0.05); the thymus and spleen indexes in chemotherapy group were significantly lower than those in model group (P < 0.05); after 3 weeks of treatment, the serum levels of IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ in chemotherapy group, taurine group and chemotherapy + taurine group were significantly lower than those in model group (P < 0.05); the IL-4 level in taurine group and chemotherapy + taurine group was significantly lower than that in chemotherapy group (P < 0.05); the serum level of IL-10 in chemotherapy group and chemotherapy + taurine group was significantly higher than that in model group and taurine group (P < 0.05); the serum level of IFN-γ in taurine group and chemotherapy + taurine group was significantly lower than that in model group and chemotherapy group (P < 0.05); after treatment of 3 weeks, the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in chemotherapy group, taurine group and chemotherapy + taurine group were significantly lower than those in model group (P < 0.05), and IL-12 level was significantly higher than that in model group (P < 0.05); the level of IFN-γ in taurine group and chemotherapy + taurine group was significantly higher than that in model group (P < 0.05), while the level of IFN-γ in chemotherapy group was significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTaurine can effectively enhance the immune function of mice with T-cell lymphoma during chemotherapy, reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy.

Effects of Yimu Shenghuasan Preparation on the Cytochrome P450 in Endometrial Cells and Immune Function of Dairy Cows

In order to investigate the mode of action ofYimu Shenghuasan preparation in endometrial cells of dairy cows, the primary cultured endometrial cells in cows were isolated and the inflammatory models were made by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） induction. The inflammatory cells were treated with gradient concentration of herbal medicine preparation, Yimu Shenghuasan for 48 and 72 h. The expression of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） was detected by Western blot. The amounts of IgG and lgA in sera were also detected in the endometritis of dairy cows. The expression level of CYP450 in the endometrial cells of dairy cow was increased gradually, and the amounts of IgG, IgA were increased significantly as compared with those in the control group. The expression level of CYP450 in the inflammatory cells was increased significantly in the treatment of 2 000 μg mL^-1 of Yimu Shenghuasan after 48 h of treatment.

Soya saponin improves egg-laying performance and immune function of laying hens

Background:Soya saponin(SS),an active compound in soybean meals,has been widely studied in the medical field.However,it was considered as an anti-nutritional factor in poultry diets.The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of dietary SS using three dietary treatments on egg-laying performance and immune function of laying hens.Birds were fed a low soybean meal basal diet(CON),a low-SS diet(50 SS)containing 50mg/kg SS,or a high-SS diet(500 SS)containing 500 mg/kg SS for 10 weeks.At the end of the 5th and 10th week of the trial,samples were collected for analysis.Results:Results showed that with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation,the egg production rate,feed conversion ratio(FCR),and eggshell quality tended to be improved.Serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and Interleukin-4(IL-4)levels were also elevated as well as the peripheral blood LPS stimulation index,the proportion of B lymphocytes,and antibody titer of bovine serum albumin(BSA).We also found that mRNA levels of follicle stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)in ovarian,nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB),Transforming growth factor(TGF-β)and interferonγ(IFN-γ)in spleen were up-regulated at the end of the trial.Additionally,dietary 50 mg/kg SS improved the ileal flora via up-regulating the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Romboutsia and Lactobacillus delbrueckii.Although the immune related indicators were improved with 500 mg/kg SS supplemented,it seemed to have a negative influence on the laying-performance.Specifically,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and the ratio of IFN-γto IL-4 were increased in the 500 SS group at the end of the trial.The m RNA levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone 1(GnRH1)in Hypothalamus,the estrogen related receptor(ERR)in ovaries were downregulated as well as the egg production rate during the trial with 500 mg/kg SS supplemented.Conclusions:The egg production performance was improved by dietary supplemented with 50 mg/kg SS via increasing ovarian FSHR transcription level and serum estrogen level.A beneficial shift in intestinal microflora was recorded,and the immune function of laying hens was also improved with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation.Surprisingly,the long-term supplementation of 500 mg/kg SS exerted a negative impact on the laying performance and physiological functions of the liver of laying hens.