Effect of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy on Diverse Organ Lesions in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Objective The combination of stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)is actively being explored in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.However,little is known about the optimal fractionation and radiotherapy target lesions in this scenario.This study investigated the effect of SBRT on diverse organ lesions and radiotherapy dose fractionation regimens on the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients receiving ICIs.Methods The medical records of advanced NSCLC patients consecutively treated with ICIs and SBRT were retrospectively reviewed at our institution from Dec.2015 to Sep.2021.Patients were grouped according to radiation sites.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were recorded using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between different treatment groups using the log-rank(Mantel-Cox)test.Results A total of 124 advanced NSCLC patients receiving ICIs combined with SBRT were identified in this study.Radiation sites included lung lesions(lung group,n=43),bone metastases(bone group,n=24),and brain metastases(brain group,n=57).Compared with the brain group,the mean PFS(mPFS)in the lung group was significantly prolonged by 13.3 months(8.5 months vs.21.8 months,HR=0.51,95%CI:0.28–0.92,P=0.0195),and that in the bone group prolonged by 9.5 months with a 43%reduction in the risk of disease progression(8.5 months vs.18.0 months,HR=0.57,95%CI:0.29–1.13,P=0.1095).The mPFS in the lung group was prolonged by 3.8 months as compared with that in the bone group.The mean OS(mOS)in the lung and bone groups was longer than that of the brain group,and the risk of death decreased by up to 60%in the lung and bone groups as compared with that of the brain group.When SBRT was concurrently given with ICIs,the mPFS in the lung and brain groups were significantly longer than that of the bone group(29.6 months vs.16.5 months vs.12.1 months).When SBRT with 8–12 Gy per fraction was combined with ICIs,the mPFS in the lung group was significantly prolonged as compared with that of the bone and brain groups(25.4 months vs.15.2 months vs.12.0 months).Among patients receiving SBRT on lung lesions and brain metastases,the mPFS in the concurrent group was longer than that of the SBRT→ICIs group(29.6 months vs.11.4 months,P=0.0003 and 12.1 months vs.8.9 months,P=0.2559).Among patients receiving SBRT with<8 Gy and 8–12 Gy per fraction,the mPFS in the concurrent group was also longer than that of the SBRT→ICIs group(20.1 months vs.5.3 months,P=0.0033 and 24.0 months vs.13.4 months,P=0.1311).The disease control rates of the lung,bone,and brain groups were 90.7%,83.3%,and 70.1%,respectively.Conclusion The study demonstrated that the addition of SBRT on lung lesions versus bone and brain metastases to ICIs improved the prognosis in advanced NSCLC patients.This improvement was related to the sequence of radiotherapy combined with ICIs and the radiotherapy fractionation regimens.Dose fractionation regimens of 8–12 Gy per fraction and lung lesions as radiotherapy targets might be the appropriate choice for advanced NSCLC patients receiving ICIs combined with SBRT.

The effects of application of an ancient type of acupuncture needle on body temperature, immune function and the autonomic nerve system

The di-zhen (DZ) is an ancient type of acupuncture needle with a history dating back more than 2000 years. Unlike modern acupuncture needles, the DZ is not inserted subcutaneously, and is safely and commonly used at the bedside. The mechanisms underlying its effects are not known. In this study, we measured sublingual and cutaneous body temperature, pulse rate, oxygen pressure (PO2), oxygen saturation (sO2) and carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) before and after DZ application in 25 healthy male volunteers. Serum levels of catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine) and white blood cells (WBCs;ratio and number) were traced for one week. Soon after DZ application, pulse rate, body temperature, PO2 and sO2 all decreased. The serum levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline increased, indicating sympathetic dominance, and the number of granulocytes was elevated. One week after DZ application, the number of lymphocyte increased. We therefore suggest that DZ affects body temperature, pulse rate, catecholamine secretion and immune function by inducing transient sympathetic dominance via actions on the autonomic nervous system. These effects are similar to the effects observed with modern needles, which are inserted subcutaneously. Therefore, we consider DZ treatment to be advantageous and safe in modern clinical practice, especially in post-surgical and terminal care, as it avoids the issues with infection and tissue damage sometimes seen with modern acupuncture needles.

The mucosal immune system in the oral cavity——an orchestra of T cell diversity

The mucosal immune system defends against a vast array of pathogens, yet it exhibits limited responses to commensal microorganisms under healthy conditions. The oral-pharyngeal cavity, the gateway for both the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is composed of complex anatomical structures and is constantly challenged by antigens from air and food. The mucosal immune system of the oral-pharyngeal cavity must prevent pathogen entry while maintaining immune homeostasis, which is achieved via a range of mechanisms that are similar or different to those utilized by the gastrointestinal immune system. In this review, we summarize the features of the mucosal immune system,focusing on T cell subsets and their functions. We also discuss our current understanding of the oral-pharyngeal mucosal immune system.

Effects of dietary cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate on growth,antioxidants and immunity of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir Sinensis

One hundred and sixty crabs(average initial weight:51.32±0.08 g)were fed with four experimental diets containing cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate(CPH)at 0%(CPH0,control),0.3%(CPH0.3),0.6%(CPH0.6),and 1.2%CPH(CPH1.2).The experiment results show that no difference was observed in specific growth rate and survival rate of crabs fed with CPH diet.Moisture content of crabs fed with CPH0.6 diet was significantly reduced than that of the CPH0 group.Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of crabs fed with CPH0.6 diet were significantly increased and the difference was not significant between the CPH0.3 and CPH0.6 groups.Malondialdehyde content of CPH0.3 group was significantly lower than that of the CPH0 group.Lysozyme,alkaline phosphatase,and acid phosphatase activities of CPH0.3 diet crabs were significantly higher than that of the CPH0 group.Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity of crabs fed with CPH0.3 diet was significantly decreased compared to the CPH0 group.The relative expression levels of Toll1,Toll2,MyD88,LITAF,and ILF-2 of crabs fed with CPH0.3 diet were significantly higher than that of the CPH0 group.The expression level of SOCS2 showed an opposite pattern.After CPH perfusion,the expression levels of SOCS2 and Toll1 in intestine at time 3 h and SOCS2 in hepatopancreas at time 18 h increased significantly to the highest value.The expression level of Toll2,MyD88,LITAF,decreased at times 6 h,6 h,12 h,respectively,then increased gradually.Therefore,supplementation of dietary CPH could improve antioxidant capacity and immune function;the appropriate supplement dosage of CPH for crab could be 0.3%-0.6%.Furthermore,the short-term CPH stimulation could significantly increase or decline the expression levels of immune-related genes at different times after CPH perfusion.

Bile acid signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeostasis

Bile acids(BAs)play a crucial role in nutrient absorption and act as key regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism and immune homeostasis.Through the enterohepatic circulation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a portion entering the vascular circulation and distributing systemically.This allows BAs to interact with receptors in all major organs,leading to organ-organ interactions that regulate both local and global metabolic processes,as well as the immune system.This review focuses on the whole-body effects of BA-mediated metabolic and immunological regulation,including in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adipose tissue,and muscle.Targeting BA synthesis and receptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.

Regional Effect of APS-sEPS on Intestinal Structure and Mucosal Immunity in Mice

[Objectives]The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of APS-sEPS(a polysaccharide compound of Astragalus polysaccharides and sulfated Epimedium polysaccharide)on intestinal mucosal immunity and structural morphology.[Methods]Firstly,the diarrhea model was established using the optimal dose of magnesium sulfate in mice.Then,the diarrhea mice were randomly divided into three groups and given either physiological saline(diarrhea model group)or injected with APS-sEPS or APS.The normal mice were selected as a control group.After administration,the duodenum,jejunum and ileum were processed microtome section,and observed for describing the small intestine morphology,villus height and crypt depth.The tissue homogenates of the duodenum,jejunum and ileum were gathered to detect the changes of sIgA,IL-4 and IL-10.[Results]The results indicated that APS-sEPS could effectively relieve diarrhea in mice.In the APS-sEPS group,the villus heights of duodenum,jejunum and ileum were increased and the depth of crypt was reduced.The contents of IL-4,IL-10 and sIgA in jejunum and ileum in APS-sEPS group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]These results indicated that APS-sEPS promoted the recovery of intestinal morphological structure and enhanced the mucosa immunity of the small intestine.

Correlation of body mass index with Th1/Th2 balance, adhesion molecules and insulin signal transduction in infertile patients

Objective: To study the correlation of body mass index with Th1/Th2 balance, adhesion molecules and insulin signal transduction in infertile patients. Methods: A total of 132 patients who received diagnostic curettage due to infertility in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital between June 2015 and March 2016 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the normal group with BMI<25 kg/m2, the overweight group with BMI 25-30 kg/m2 and the obesity group with BMI > 30 kg/m2 according to BMI, and the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in serum as well as the expression of Th1/Th2 transcription factors, adhesion molecules and insulin signal pathway molecules in endometrial tissue were detected. Results:IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in serum of obesity group and overweight group were significantly higher than those of control group while IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in serum as well as CD44V6, N-cadherin, FAK, ICAM-1, GLUT-4, IRS-1, PI3K and AKT mRNA expression in endometrial tissue were significantly lower than those of control group;IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in serum of obesity group were significantly higher than those of overweight group while IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in serum as well as CD44V6, N-cadherin, FAK, ICAM-1, GLUT-4, IRS-1, PI3K and AKT mRNA expression in endometrial tissue were significantly lower than those of overweight group. Conclusion: Weight gain can aggravate the Th1/Th2 disorder, reduce the adhesion molecule expression and hinder the insulin signal transduction in infertile patients.

The new proof of neuro-endocrine-immune network-expression of islet amyloid polypeptide in plasma cells in gastric mucosa of peptic ulcer patients

INTRODUCTION Peptic ulcer,as a common disease,seriouslyaffected people’s,work and life.Its occurrence,development and change have close relationshipwith the change of people’s moods.Animalexperiment proved that significant changes occurredin the endocrine system of the gastric ulcer rats.

Alterations of intestinal immune function and regulatory effects of L-arginine in experimental severe acute pancreatitis rats

AIM: To discuss the changes of intestinal mucosal immune function in rats with experimental severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) and the regulatory effect of L-arginine.METHODS: Male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into pancreatitis group, sham-operation group, and L-arginine treatment group. Animals were killed at 24, 48, and 72 h after SAP models were developed and specimens were harvested. Endotoxin concentration in portal vein was determined by limulus endotoxin analysis kit. CD3+, CD4+,CD8+ T lymphocytes in intestinal mucosal lamina propria were examined by immunohistochemistry. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in cecum feces was examined by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: Compared to the control group, plasma endotoxin concentration in the portal vein increased, percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in the end of intestinal mucosal lamina propria reduced significantly,CD4+/CD8+ ratio decreased, and SIgA concentrations in cecum feces reduced at 24, 48, and 72 h after SAP developed. Compared to SAP group, the L-arginine treatment group had a lower level of plasma endotoxin concentration in the portal vein, a higher CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte percentage in the end of intestinal mucosal lamina propria,an increased ratio of CD4+/CD8+ and a higher SIgA concentration in cecum feces.CONCLUSION: Intestinal immune suppression occurs in the early stage of SAP rats, which may be the main reason for bacterial and endotoxin translocation. L-arginine can improve the intestinal immunity and reduce bacterial and endotoxin translocation in SAP rats.

The Influence of Chinese Medicinal Herb on Chicken Immune Organs and Small Intestinal Mucosa Immune Organization

[Objective] The aim was to explore the mechanism of Chinese medicinal herb to enhance the body＇s immune. [Method] The quantitative distribution of immunocytes in chicken small intestinal mucosa lymphoid tissue-secretory type immune globulin cell A were dynamic observed to research chicken immune organ growth with histology conventional slice technology and immunohistochemistry dye. 1 day age healthy roosters were divided into 3 groups： the group 3 was control group. 1% and 0.5% concentration of Chinese herbal medicine immunopotentiator drinking water were added in the group 1 and 2 in continuous 60 d. The immune organ index was determined every 12 d and the histotomy of chicken small intes- tine in group control and 1% were taken for histological observation on day 24, 36 and 48. [ Result] Treatment group immune organ index was significantly higher than that of the control group and 1% group of small intestinal villus inherent intraformational immune cells number significantly increased （P〈0.01） compared with controls. Day 36 age group and day 48 group immune cells were higher than day 24 group of cell number （P〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusionl Chinese medicinal herb had obvious role in promoting chicken immune organ growth and obvious influence on the quantity change of the intestinal mucosal immune cells.

A case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract showing extensive plasma cell differentiation with prominent Russell bodies

A 73-year-old Japanese woman was hospitalized for detailed examination of nausea, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Atypical erosion in the ileum was found on endoscopy. Biopsy of this erosion showed proliferation of cells containing numerous Russell bodies. Differential diagnoses considered were Russell body enteritis, crystal-storing histiocytosis, Mott cell tumor, immunoproliferative small intestinal disease(IPSID) and mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma. The cells containing prominent Russell bodies showed diffuse positivity for CD79 a and CD138, but negative results for CD20, CD3, UCHL-1, CD38 and CD68. Russell bodies were diffusely positive for lambda light chain, but negative for kappa light chain, and immunoglobulin(Ig)G, Ig A and Ig M. Based on these findings, Russell body enteritis, crystal-storing histiocytosis and IPSID were ruled out. As the tumor formed no mass lesions and was restricted to the gastrointestinal tract, MALT lymphoma with extensive plasma cell differentiation was finally diagnosed. The patient showed an unexpectedly aggressive clinical course. The number of atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood gradually increased and T-prolymphocytic leukemia(T-PLL) emerged. The patient died of T-PLL 7 mo after admission. Autopsy was not permitted.

Hematologic manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is the most common infection in humans, with a marked disparity between developed and developing countries. Although H. pylori infections are asymptomatic in most infected individuals, they are intimately related to malignant gastric conditions such as gastric cancer and gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma and to benign diseases such as gastritis and duodenal and gastric peptic ulcers. Since it was learned that bacteria could colonize the gastric mucosa, there have been reports in the medical literature of over 50 extragastric manifestations involving a variety medical areas of specialization. These areas include cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gynecology and obstetrics, hematology, pneumology, odontology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and pediatrics, and they encompass conditions with a range of clear evidence between the H. pylori infection and development of the disease. This literature review covers extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection in the hematology field. It focuses on conditions that are included in international consensus and management guides for H. pylori infection, specifically iron deficiency, vitamin B12(cobalamin) deficiency, immune thrombocytopenia, and MALT lymphoma. In addition, there is discussion of other conditions that are not included in international consensus and management guides on H. pylori, including auto-immune neutropenia, antiphospholipid syndrome, plasma cell dyscrasias, and other hematologic diseases.

Cell-type specificity of β-actin expression and its clinicopathological correlation in gastric adenocarcinoma

AIM:To investigate cell type specific distribution ofβ-actin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS:β-actin is a housekeeping gene,frequently used as loading control,but,differentially expresses in cancer.In gastric cancer,an overall increased expression ofβ-actin has been reported using tissue disruptive techniques.At present,no histological data is available to indicate its cell type-specific expression and distribution pattern.In the present study,we analyzedβ-actin expression and distribution in paired normal and tumor tissue samples of gastric adenocarcinoma patients using immunohistochemistry(IHC),a tissue non-disruptive technique as well as tissue disruptive techniques like reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and western blotting.Correlation ofβ-actin level with clinicopathological parameters was done using univariate analysis.RESULTS:The results of this study showed significant overexpression,at both mRNA and protein level in tumor tissues as confirmed by RT-PCR(1.47±0.13 vs2.36±0.16;P<0.001)and western blotting(1.92±0.26 vs 2.88±0.32;P<0.01).IHC revealed thatβ-actin expression is majorly distributed between epithelial and inflammatory cells of the tissues.Inflammatory cells showed a significantly higher expression compared to epithelial cells in normal(2.46±0.13 vs 5.92±0.23,P<0.001),as well as,in tumor tissues(2.79±0.24 vs6.71±0.14,P<0.001).Further,comparison of immunostaining between normal and tumor tissues revealed that both epithelial and inflammatory cells overexpressβ-actin in tumor tissues,however,significant difference was observed only in inflammatory cells(5.92±0.23vs 6.71±0.14,P<0.01).Moreover,combined expression in epithelial and inflammatory cells also showed significant increase(4.19±0.15 vs 4.75±0.14,P<0.05)in tumor tissues.In addition,univariate analysis showed a positive correlation ofβ-actin level of inflammatory cells with tumor grade(P<0.05)while epithelial cells exhibited negative correlation(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:In gastric cancer,β-actin showed an overall higher expression predominantly contributed by inflammatory or tumor infiltrating immune cells of the tissue microenvironment and correlates with tumor grade.

Study on Anti-infection Effect of Polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on Chickens

In order to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on chickens, the experimental groups were orally administrated A. blazei polysaccharide at low dose and high dose, respectively, for 14 d continuously, and then, the chickens in various groups were infected with Escherichia coli or Pasteurella pneumotropica , so as to observe the clinical symptoms of chickens and record the change in body weight. Anatomy was performed 14 d later, and the organ indices were determined, so as to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of A. blazei polysaccharide on chickens. The results showed that after bacterial infection, the high-dose A. blazei polysaccharide group was significantly differed from other groups in changes of body weight and organ indices. It indicates that oral administration of high concentration of A. blazei polysaccharide could promote the development of poultry organs, thereby improving the immunity of organisms.

Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment

AIM To investigate the individual and thecombined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber,and growth hormone on the structural adaptationof the remnant small bowel.METHODS Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 85% mid-small bowel( TPN ) support during the first threepostoperational days. From the 4thpostoperational day, animals were randomlyassigned to receive 7 different treatments for 8days: TPNcon group, receiving TPN and enteral20 g.L- 1 glycine perfusion; TPN + Gin group,receiving TPN and enteral 20 g.L-1 glutamineperfusion; ENcon group, receiving enteralnutrition (EN) fortified with 20 g@L-1 glycine; EN+ Gin group, enteral nutrition fortified with20g. L-1 glutamine; EN + Fib group, enteralnutrition and 2 g. d- 1 oral soybean fiber; EN + GHgroup, enteral nutrition and subcutaneousgrowth hormone (GH) (0.31U) injection twicedaily; and ENint group, glutamine-enriched EN.oral soybean fiber, and subcutaneous GHinjection.RESULTS Enteral glutamine perfusion duringTPN increased the small intestinal villus height(jejunal villus height 250 μm ±29 μm in TPNconvs 330 μm ± 54 μm in TPN + Gin, ileal villus height260μm±28μm in TPNcon vs 330 μm±22μm inTPN + Gin, P＜0.05) and mucosa thickness( jejunal mucosa thickness 360 μm ± 32 μm inTPNcon vs 460 μm ± 65 μm in TPN + Gin, ilealmucosa thickness 400 μm ± 25 μm in TPNcon vs490μm ± 11 μm in TPN + Gin, P＜0.05) incomparison with the TPNcon group. Either fibersupplementation or GH administration improvedbody mass gain (end body weight 270 g ± 3.6 g inEN+Fib, 265.7 g ± 3.3 g in EN+GH, vs 257g±3.3g in ENcon, P＜0.05), elevated plasmainsulin-like growth factor ( IGF-Ⅰ ) level(880 μg. L-1 ± 52 μg. L-1 in EN + Fib, 1200 μg. L-1± 96 μg. L- 1 in EN ± GH, vs 620 μg. L-1 ±43 μg. L-1 in ENcon, P＜0.05), and increased thevillus height (jejunum 560 μm ± 44 μm in EN ± Fib,530 μm± 30 μm in EN ± GH, vs 450 μm ± 44 μm inENcon, ileum 400 μm ± 30 μm in EN + Fib, 380 μm±49 μm in EN± GH, vs 320 μm± 16 μm in ENcon,P＜0.05) and the mucosa thickness (jejunum740 μm ± 66 μm in EN ± Fib, 705 μm ± 27 μm in EN ±GH, vs 608 μm ± 58 μm in ENcon, ileum 570 μm ±27 μm in EN ± Fib, 560 μm ± 56 μm in EN ± GH, vs480μm ± 40 μm in ENcon, P＜0.05) in remnantjejunum and ileum. Glutamine-enriched ENproduced little effect in body mass, plasma IGF-Ⅰ level, and remnant small bowel mucosalstructure. The ENint group had greater bodymass (280g ± 2.2g), plasma IGF-Ⅰ level(1450g@L-1 ± 137g. L 1), and villus height(jejunum 620 μm ± 56 μm, ileum 450 um ± 31 μm)and mucosal thickness (jejunum 800 μm ± 52 μm,ileum 633 μm± 33 μm) than those in ENcon, EN +Gin (jejunum villus height and mucosa thickness450 μm ± 47 μm and 610 μm ± 63 μm, ileum villusheight and mucosa thickness 330 μm ± 39 μm and500 μm± 52 μm), EN + GH groups (P＜0.05), andthan those in EN + Fib group although nostatistical significance was attained.CONCLUSION Both dietary fiber and GH whenused separately can enhance the postresectionalsmall bowel structural adaptation. Simultaneoususe of these two gut-trophic factors can producesynergistic effects on small bowel structuraladaptation. Enteral glutamine perfusion isbeneficial in preserving small bowel mucosalstructure during TPN, but has little beneficialeffect during EN.

Nosocomial infection in patients with ventricular hemorrhage cured by lateral ventricle drainage: An analysis of 41 cases

Objective To analyse infection rate of ventricular hemorrhage after lateral ventricle drainage and evaluate the method and measure of precaution. Methods Patients were divided into first and second groups according to the remaining time of drainage tube and into A and B groups according to drainage in one or two sides. After operation the infection condition of insert tube was observed and blood was cultivated regularly. Results The infection rate in the first group was significantly shorter than that in the second one (P 【 0. 01), while it was no significantly difference between groups A and B (P 】 0. 05). Conclusion To remain drainage tube for one to two weeks is safer than for more than two weeks. The infection rate is higher in group with drainage in two sides than in one. In addition, it is obviously related to the patient’s body condition and immunity. 6 refs,2 tabs.

中医药改善慢性鼻窦炎内镜术后鼻黏膜重塑研究进展

中医药改善慢性鼻窦炎内镜术后鼻黏膜重塑是有效预防术腔黏膜发生新病变及复发的关键。本文综述慢性鼻窦炎内镜术后鼻黏膜重塑的机制及中医药治疗的独特优势。虚、痰、瘀三者互为因果导致“肺失治节”是鼻黏膜重塑迁延不愈的主要原因。治疗以“补虚祛痰,益气活血”为原则,针药并用、内外兼治以调节Th17/Treg平衡,减少炎症浸润;阻断MAPK和NF-κB途径的磷酸化抑制TGF-β1诱导的肌成纤维细胞,减少胶原沉积及抑制其重塑等,促进黏膜上皮化进程,可为中医药防治鼻黏膜重塑进程的理论和临床治疗研究提供思路。

健康与上草黄鳝菌群组成差异分析

【目的】旨在揭示健康与上草黄鳝菌群组成差异,为判别黄鳝病害提供参考依据。【方法】收集健康黄鳝养殖水体(HW)、体表粘液(HN)、肠道粘膜(HC)和上草黄鳝养殖水体(BW)、体表粘液(BN)和肠道粘膜(BC)为试验材料,通过Illumina高通量测序分析菌群结构。【结果】(1)上草黄鳝降低了菌群的Alpha多样性,其中,HN组Alpha多样性最高,极显著高于BN(P<0.01)。PCoA分析发现健康和上草黄鳝的体表粘液和肠道粘膜菌群分别显著分离。(2)在门水平上,上草黄鳝变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度上升,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)丰度降低;属水平上,气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、水小杆菌属(Undibacterium)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)等丰度升高,鲸杆菌属、Pedobacter、Emticicia、多核杆菌属(Polynucleobacter)等丰度降低。(3)LefSe分析发现HN与HC组优势差异物种均为鲸杆菌属、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas);BN组优势差异物种主要为黄杆菌属、金黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、水小杆菌属等。BC组优势差异物种主要为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、无色杆菌属、噬酸菌属(Acidovorax)、乳球菌属等。其中,气单胞菌属的相对丰度在健康黄鳝和上草黄鳝中均表现出从水体-体表粘液-肠道黏膜逐渐降低的趋势,而鲸杆菌属则主要在健康黄鳝的体表粘液和肠道粘膜中富集。(4)功能预测结果显示,上草黄鳝的致病性、胁迫耐受表型菌群丰度均高于健康黄鳝,且主要涉及的是变形菌门中菌群。【结论】首次从微生态的角度分析水体-体表粘液-肠道粘膜菌群与黄鳝上草行为的相互关系。研究结果显示,健康与上草黄鳝的养殖水体、体表粘液及肠道粘膜菌群结构存在显著差异。健康黄鳝微生物多样性较高,有益菌(如鲸杆菌属等)丰度较高;而上草黄鳝微生物多样性较低,潜在致病性细菌(如变形菌门的气单胞菌属等)丰度显著上升,提示气单胞菌属和鲸杆菌属可考虑作为黄鳝发生上草行为的候选微生物标志物。

Bt对棉铃虫天蚕素抗菌肽基因(HacD)转录的影响

抗菌肽是昆虫体液免疫的重要组成部分,对抵御外源致病微生物的侵染具有重要作用。明确苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)诱导下棉铃虫天蚕素抗菌肽基因(HacD)转录的空间特征和时序特征,有利于进一步了解昆虫体液免疫与棉铃虫抗Bt发展的关联性。本研究测定了HacD cDNA序列,对序列进行了蛋白质翻译,并通过RT-qPCR技术研究了棉铃虫HacD基因在Bt诱导下的转录规律。结果表明,棉铃虫HacD cDNA全长189 bp,其中GC含量为48.15%,肽链由63个氨基酸组成。Bt诱导后棉铃虫幼虫HacD相对转录水平整体呈显著上调趋势,其中脂肪体中HacD的相对转录水平上调最高,其次为血淋巴。Bt对棉铃虫幼虫进行短期诱导后,脂肪体和血淋巴中的HacD基因的相对转录水平均呈持续上调趋势,分别在诱导24 h和18 h时达到最高,随后均持续下调。对幼虫进行持续诱导后,F 0代初孵幼虫、5龄幼虫、蛹和成虫的HacD基因均可以保持上调的转录特性;传代培养获得的F 1代初孵幼虫、5龄幼虫、蛹和成虫的HacD基因转录较F 0代下调,但均高于对照组。综上所述,Bt能够诱导棉铃虫HacD基因转录水平上调。