Objective:To investigate the clinical value of immunohistochemistry(IHC)detection in the pathological diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods:Eighty breast cancer patients admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from Jun...Objective:To investigate the clinical value of immunohistochemistry(IHC)detection in the pathological diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods:Eighty breast cancer patients admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were selected as study subjects.The samples were divided into a positive group(40 cases)and a negative group(40 cases)according to ER and PR test results.Immunohistochemistry was performed on all patients to compare the differences between the two groups in C-erbB-2 positive expression and axillary lymph node metastasis.Results:The positive expression rate of C-erbB-2 in the positive group(35.00%)was significantly lower than that in the negative group(80.00%),with a highly significant difference(P<0.001).The axillary lymph node metastasis rate in the positive group(40.00%)was significantly lower than that in the negative group(75.00%),with a significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:Immunohistochemical detection in breast cancer pathology enhances diagnostic accuracy,predicts prognosis,and supports personalized treatment by identifying ER,PR,and C-erbB-2.It is worth being widely adopted in clinical practice.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate ultrastructural characteristics of lenticule surface extracted during correction of residual myopia in patients after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods and material: This study ...Purpose: To evaluate ultrastructural characteristics of lenticule surface extracted during correction of residual myopia in patients after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods and material: This study had a prospective, consecutive, comparative design. Sixteen patients (16 eyes) underwent additional intervention for residual myopia correction after SMILE. 16 specimens of removed lenticules underwent morphological examination. Markers and reagents were used to determine actin microfilaments, neutral fats and cell nuclei. The tissue was analyzed in layers in 2D slices form, volumetric Z-stacks, or selected areas were formed in orthogonal projections. The surface of the extracted lenticule was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Patients’ refractive outcomes were measured postoperatively (1 day;1 and 3 months). Results: Postoperatively uncorrected distance visual acuity (20/20 or better) was in 100% cases 3 months after surgery. Ultrastructural studies have shown the difference in surfaces of the newly formed lenticule. Structural changes of the posterior lenticule surface were characterized by ruptures of collagen fibers on its surface, degenerative changes in keratocytes with signs of colliquation necrosis, cell apoptosis and F-actin in cell cytoplasm. Conclusion: Collagen fibers are immersed in the stroma on the anterior surface of the lenticule. There is no complete structure restoration of collagen fibers explaining the lack of tight adhesion of anterior and posterior surfaces of the intrastromal space even in the long-term postoperative period. There are no degenerative changes of keratocytes on the anterior lenticule surface, that is, their changes in SMILE are reversible in most cases.展开更多
Background: FoxP3 gene variants have been linked to endometriosis, infertility, and autoimmune illnesses, according to numerous researches. Maternal sensitivity to the PE gene and the genetic variations of FoxP3 has n...Background: FoxP3 gene variants have been linked to endometriosis, infertility, and autoimmune illnesses, according to numerous researches. Maternal sensitivity to the PE gene and the genetic variations of FoxP3 has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: Investigation of the immune-histochemical expression of FoxP3 in placental tissue of PE patients. Methods: A total of 26 pre-eclamptic women as a case and 26 ethnically matched healthy pregnant women as a control group aged between 18 and 40 years old of different gravidity and parity referred to the labor ward for delivery either by vaginal delivery or cesarean section was enrolled to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of FOXP3 in placental tissue of PE patients. Results: Lower expression of FOXP3 IHC was statistically significant and noted in the group of preeclampsia compared to the healthy control group. Lower gestational age at delivery and a higher percentage of cesarean section were statistically significant and noted in the group of preeclampsia compared to the healthy control group. Conclusion: In comparison to the healthy control group, preeclampsia patients had statistically significantly lower FOXP3 IHC expression, and FOXP3 polymorphism was associated with the development of PE. Our findings can serve as a guide for statistical analyses and functional investigations that are more in-depth.展开更多
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy, with a high incidence and poor prognosis. In the past several decades, hundreds of proteins have been reported to be associated with th...Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy, with a high incidence and poor prognosis. In the past several decades, hundreds of proteins have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of ESCC, but none has been widely accepted to guide clinical care. This study aimed to identify proteins with great potential for predicting prognosis of ESCC.Methods: We conducted a systematic review on immunohistochemical(IHC) prognostic markers of ESCC according to the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) Guidelines. Literature related to IHC prognostic markers of ESCC were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until January 30 th, 2017. The risk of bias of these original studies was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies(QUIPS) tool.Results: We identified 11 emerging IHC markers with reproducible results, including eight markers [epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), Cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), Survivin, Podoplanin, Fascin,phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR), and pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)] indicating unfavorable prognosis and 3 markers(P27, P16, and E-cadherin) indicating favorable prognosis of ESCC.Conclusion: Strong evidence supports that these 11 emerging IHC markers or their combinations may be useful in predicting prognosis and aiding personalized therapy decision-making for ESCC patients.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for over 90% of all primary liver cancers. With an ever increasing incidence trend year by year,it has become the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Hepatic ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for over 90% of all primary liver cancers. With an ever increasing incidence trend year by year,it has become the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Hepatic resection is generally considered to be one of the most effective therapies for HCC patients,however,there is a high risk of recurrence in postoperativeHCC. In clinical practice,there exists an urgent need for valid prognostic markers to identify patients with prognosis,hence the importance of studies on prognostic markers in improving the prediction of HCC prognosis. This review focuses on the most promising immunohistochemical prognostic markers in predicting the postoperative survival of HCC patients.展开更多
Following the classification of hepatocellular nodules by the International Working Party in 1995 and further elaboration by the International Consensus Group for Hepatocellular Neoplasia in 2009, entities under the s...Following the classification of hepatocellular nodules by the International Working Party in 1995 and further elaboration by the International Consensus Group for Hepatocellular Neoplasia in 2009, entities under the spectrum of hepatocellular nodules have been better characterized. Research work hence has been done to answer questions such as distinguishing high-grade dysplastic nodules from early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), delineating the tumor cell origin of HCC, identifying its prognostic markers, and subtyping hepatocellular adenomas. As a result, a copious amount of data at immunohistochemical and molecular levels has emerged. A panel of immunohistochemical markers including glypican-3, heat shock protein 70 and glutamine synthetase has been found to be of use in the diagnosis of small, well differentiated hepatocellular tumors and particularly of HCC. The use of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), β-catenin, glutamine synthetase, serum amyloid protein and C-reactive protein is found to be helpful in the subtyping of hepatocellular adenomas. The role of tissue biomarkers for prognostication in HCC and the use of biomarkers in subclassifying HCC based on tumor cell origin are also discussed.展开更多
AIM:To automate breast cancer diagnosis and to study the inter-observer and intra-observer variations in the manual evaluations.METHODS:Breast tissue specimens from sixty cases were stained separately for estrogen rec...AIM:To automate breast cancer diagnosis and to study the inter-observer and intra-observer variations in the manual evaluations.METHODS:Breast tissue specimens from sixty cases were stained separately for estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2/neu).All cases were assessed by manual grading as well as image analysis.The manual grading was performed by an experienced expert pathologist.To study inter-observer and intra-observer variations,we obtained readings from another pathologist as the second observer from a different laboratory who has a little less experience than the first observer.We also took a second reading from the second observer to study intra-observer variations.Image analysis was carried out using in-house developed software(TissueQuant).A comparison of the results from image analysis and manual scoring of ER,PR and HER-2/neu was also carried out.RESULTS:The performance of the automated analysis in the case of ER,PR and HER-2/neu expressions was compared with the manual evaluations.The performance of the automated system was found to correlate well with the manual evaluations.The inter-observer variations were measured using Spearman correlation coefficient r and 95%confidence interval.In the case of ER expression,Spearman correlation r=0.53,in the case of PR expression,r=0.63,and in the case of HER-2/neu expression,r=0.68.Similarly,intra-observer variations were also measured.In the case of ER,PR and HER-2/neu expressions,r=0.46,0.66 and 0.70,respectively.CONCLUSION:The automation of breast cancer diagnosis from immunohistochemically stained specimens is very useful for providing objective and repeatable evaluations.展开更多
To evaluate the diagnostic implications of immunohistochemical markers in uterine smooth muscle tumors. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were selected from 17 uterine leiomyosarcomas, 40 uterine...To evaluate the diagnostic implications of immunohistochemical markers in uterine smooth muscle tumors. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were selected from 17 uterine leiomyosarcomas, 40 uterine unusual leiomyomas and 25 uterine usual leiomyomas. Utilizing immunohistochemical techniques with antigen retrieval, serial sections of each tumor for immunoreactivity with myogenic markers, ovarian steroid receptors, CD44v3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and mast cells were assessed. Results: Although the myogenic markers and CD44v3 showed less frequent positivity in uterine leiomyosarcomas than those in unusual leiomyomas, they were not reliable markers for differentiating leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma. Uterine leiomyosarcoma tended to have lower ovarian steroid receptors immunoreactivity rates than leiomyoma. Leiomyoma tended to have a higher quantity of intratumoral mast cells than leiomyosarcoma, while the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was lower in them. Conclusion: Because the estimation of mitotic count was subject to significant variation, the immunohistochemical expression of ovarian steroid receptors, mast cells and proliferating cell nuclear antigen seemed to be helpful for the discrimination of unusual leiomyoma from leiomyosarcoma.展开更多
The density of dendritic cells (DC) and macro-phages (Mφ) in tissue specimens of gastric carcinoma (GC n=65) was investigated by ABC im-munohistochemical method using anti-S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies, a...The density of dendritic cells (DC) and macro-phages (Mφ) in tissue specimens of gastric carcinoma (GC n=65) was investigated by ABC im-munohistochemical method using anti-S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies, and was compared with that in gastric ulcer (GU n=19), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG n=28) and normal gastric mucosa (NGM n=15). The mean density if DC (cells/mm2) in GC (15.0 was significantly higher than that in NGM (3.8) and GU (8.3), but was remarkably lower when compared to that in CAG (29.5) (P<0.01). Statistically significant difference in the population density of DC was observed between well- and poorly-differentiated GC (P<0.01). With their unique dendritic processes, DC were mainly concentrated within dense lymphoid infiltrates or in the T-area of reactive lymphoid follicles and were interspersed among the tumor cells. In contrast, Mφ were present around the necrotic foci and were rarely seen within the non-necrotic neoplastic tissues. These data suggest that DC, which differ in morphology, distribution, number and function form Mφ may be more directly involved in the host immune reaction against tumor by acting as antigen presenting cells.展开更多
Biopsy specimens of normal mucosa (n=5). adenomas (n -13), adenocarcinomas (n = 8). mucosa adjacent to adenoma (n=10) mucosa adjacent to adenocarcinoma (n = 7 ) at the large bowel were investigated by an iminunohistoc...Biopsy specimens of normal mucosa (n=5). adenomas (n -13), adenocarcinomas (n = 8). mucosa adjacent to adenoma (n=10) mucosa adjacent to adenocarcinoma (n = 7 ) at the large bowel were investigated by an iminunohistochemical method using 5- bromodeoxynldine (BrdUrd) . The labeling index (LI) was significantly lower in normal nucosa than mucosa adjacent to neoplasms and adenomas and adenocarcinomas. The proliferative zone was confined to the lower two- third at the crypt in normal mucosa and in mucosa adjacent to neoplasms. The labeled cells were either present in the upper third or scattered along the crust and in surface epithelium. The results support the adenmo-carcinoma sequence.展开更多
Aspergilli are filamentous fungi which can cause opportunistic infections in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Aspergilli can be found in human tissues either in the form of spores or hyphae. p53 is ...Aspergilli are filamentous fungi which can cause opportunistic infections in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Aspergilli can be found in human tissues either in the form of spores or hyphae. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene located in the short arm of chromosome 17. It is a potent transcriptional regulator of genes which are involved in many cellular activities including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and angiogenesis. A loss of tumor suppressor function of p53 is the most common event leading to the development of human cancers. The rate by which p53 has a homology between different species has been reported from human to other vertebrates, it has been reported that it is available within Drosophila melanogaster and C. elegans [1] [2]. The aim of this study is to check if p53 is localized within Aspergilli or not using immunohistochemical techniques and study the relationship between Aspergilli infection and p53 in human lung tissues. 45 different samples of lung tissues, diagnosed as being none tumor, were taken randomly during the year of 2003-2004 from the autopsy cases submitted to the forensic medicine center in Irbid, Jordan. The sample group consisted of 12 females and 33 males. Labeled Streptavidin Biotin (LSAB) method and Mach-4 method were used to determine the Aspergilli infection and p53. The results show that the Aspergillus is presented in all used samples (100% of the infection) in the form of spores or hyphae and all infected samples have mutant p53 molecules (p53 was located in Aspergillus spores and hyphae). According to this study, it is safe to posit that the mutant p53 molecules may be used by Aspergillus for its multiplication. Seemingly it is a biological behavior of Aspergillus to produce p53. The fate of the p53 is questioned, is it going to interact with the human cells initiating cancer? Further experimental investigations are required to determine such pathway. In conclusion, this study shows that Aspergillus is a producing agent for p53 and Aspergillus pathogenicity is caused by production of p53.展开更多
GFAP is a specific antigen of glial element, but Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin has not been reported in the literature. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was guided by GFAP using PAP method to the astrocytes of 137 gliomas. 120 (87...GFAP is a specific antigen of glial element, but Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin has not been reported in the literature. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was guided by GFAP using PAP method to the astrocytes of 137 gliomas. 120 (87%) gliomas were positive for Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Of these 120 gliomas, 86 (72%) gave diffuse distribution, 17 (14%) gave focal distribution, and 17 (14%) gave scattered distributions. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in glioma tissue may be an important tumor marker for diagnosis.展开更多
The histogensis of extramammary Paget's disease has not been solved and remained controversial. Eight cases of extramammary Paget's disease of geni-tocrural region were investigated by alcian blue and PAS stai...The histogensis of extramammary Paget's disease has not been solved and remained controversial. Eight cases of extramammary Paget's disease of geni-tocrural region were investigated by alcian blue and PAS stain and immunoreaction of anti-CEA and anti-keratin. It was found that the pattern and intensity of alcian blue, PAS staining were identical for Paget cells and secretory cells of apocrine sweat gland; and CEA immunoreactivity was uniformly observed in both Paget cells and eccrine sweat gland. The keratin immunoreaction was positive in keratinocytes, apocrine and eccrine sweat gland, whereas Paget cells were negative. These results suggested that Paget cells of extramammary Paget's disease could be derived from multipotential epidermal germ cells.展开更多
A combined histopathological, mucin histochemi-cal and immunohistochemical study of the transitional mucosa (TM) adjacent to colorectal cancer is presented. Twenty-six resected specimens were studied by hematoxylin an...A combined histopathological, mucin histochemi-cal and immunohistochemical study of the transitional mucosa (TM) adjacent to colorectal cancer is presented. Twenty-six resected specimens were studied by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB). Carcinoem-bryonic antigen (CEA) was demonstrated by peroxi-dase antiperoxidass (PAP) technique. The appearance of the TM is usually thicker, longer and dilated crypts with increased immature and intermediate cells. Variable amount of sialomucins and decrease sulphomucins content as well as increased CEA content are found in the TM. These changes are not seen in non-transitional zone and normal colorectal mucosa. It is suggested that the mucin changes and expression of CEA in the TM may indicate an early primary premalignant changes and may be one of the reasons for the TM affecting the prognosis of patients with large bowel cancer after radical resection.展开更多
Sixteen cases of chordoms were studied with various polycolonal and monoilonal antibodies and ABC technic.such as antibodies S-100 protein, neurou specific enodas(NSE ), lysozyme, α1- AT, Myoglobin, desmin, keratin ...Sixteen cases of chordoms were studied with various polycolonal and monoilonal antibodies and ABC technic.such as antibodies S-100 protein, neurou specific enodas(NSE ), lysozyme, α1- AT, Myoglobin, desmin, keratin and cytokeratin. Two embryonic notochords and three chondrosarcomas were studied as control. Most of chordomas revealed positive results with NSE ( 12/16 ). Des ( 12 / 16 ) . α1-AT ( 11/ 16 ), MG( 11/16 ) . S-100( 10 /16)and CK ( 8 / 16 ), while K and Lys were negative in all( 16 )cases. It denotes that chordoma has the potentiality for both mesodermal and ectodermal differentiation. Lys was positive in all 3 chondrosarcomas while the CK was negative. So that Lys can be considered as an useful antibody to distinguish chordoma from chondrosarcoma, and CK is somewhat useful for this differential diagnosis too.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Oral potentially malignant disorders, which include oral lichen planus ...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Oral potentially malignant disorders, which include oral lichen planus (OLP), are clinical presentations that carry a risk of development to cancer in the oral cavity. Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) are also termed interface/lichenoid mucositis. Malignant transformation of them remains controversial, but distinct clinical and histological criteria for how to differentiate OLP from OLLs have not been developed.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The purpose of this study was to elucidate findings that can allow histopathological differentiation of OLP and OLLs using histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Analyses were performed in 10 cases diagnosed with OLP and 9 cases diagnosed with OLLs. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Ki-67 and CD3 were used as primary antibodies to detect basal cells, proliferative activity and T-cell distribution, respectively</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Perlecan and COX-2 to evaluate epithelial intracellular arrangements and interstitial distributions of proteoglycans and enzymes. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> For CK19, positive cells were significantly found in OLLs at both the prominent area and site adjacent to the lesion comparison with those of OLP’s. The number of COX-2 positive cells was significantly higher in spinous and basal layers in OLLs of the prominent area. Additionally, OLLs showed mild to moderate expression for perlecan in the basal to spinous layers and in subepithelial tissue. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Almost no basal cells were noted in the prominent area in OLP. COX-2 and perlecan were found in the basal to spinous layers in OLLs. Although there are restrictions, these suggested the possibility of helping to distinguish between OLP and OLLs.</span>展开更多
Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is not an uncommon T-cell lymphoma in Iraqi population which is increasing over years. There are many diagnostic techniques to confirm the diagnosis including histopathological and i...Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is not an uncommon T-cell lymphoma in Iraqi population which is increasing over years. There are many diagnostic techniques to confirm the diagnosis including histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. Objectives: To evaluate all cases of MF including clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests with CD markers. Patients and Methods: This clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical outpatient based study took place in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from May 2012-September 2013. Twenty five patients with MF were included in the present work. History was obtained from each patient regarding all socio-demographic aspects related to the disease. Also, clinical evaluation was carried out for all patients. Incisional biopsies for ordinary histopathology and immunohistochemical tests were done. Then staging was carried out depending on TNMB classification for all patients. Results: All cases of MF were confirmed after clinical evaluation, histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean age of onset at presentation was 47.45 ± 16.9 years. Itching was found in 84% of cases. The patch stage was seen in 36% patients. The hypopigmentaed MF was presented in 12% cases. The lower extremities were seen in 80%. Lymph node involvement as a manifestation of the disease was seen in 44% cases. The histopathological features of MF went parallel with the clinical stage of disease. Immunohistochemical study aids in the diagnosis of patch and erythrodermic stages. The most patients presented with stage IB (36%). Conclusion: MF seems to be not uncommon problem in Iraqi population and is increasing over years. The disease was diagnosed early commonly with patch stage (stage IB) while hypopigmented MF was not a common variant when compared with neighboring countries.展开更多
BACKGROUND: It is proved that the onset of Parkinson disease companies with neuronal apoptosis of dopamine in substantia nigra of midbrain. Previous researches on neuronal apoptosis of dopamine were analyzed on their...BACKGROUND: It is proved that the onset of Parkinson disease companies with neuronal apoptosis of dopamine in substantia nigra of midbrain. Previous researches on neuronal apoptosis of dopamine were analyzed on their consecutive tissue sections with immunohistochemical single-labeling method, immunofluorescence and electron microscope, and there are significant differences.OBJECTIVE : To observe the feasibility of neuronal apoptosis of dopamine with in situ end labeling and tyrosine-hydroxylase antibody immunohistochemical double-labeling staining technique.DESIGN : Controlled study.SETTING: College of Pharmacology of Taishan Medical College; College of Management of Taishan Medical College. MATERIALS : Wistar rats with 2 weeks old and of clean grade were provided by the Animal Center of Taishan Medical College. In situ end labeling kit (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, mixed reactive solution of nucleotide, transfusion-POD), monoclonal antibody of rat antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (Boehriuser). METHODS: The experiment was completed at the Pharmacological Laboratory of Taishan Medical College from February to December 2005. Tissue from midbrain of rats was taken out to make paraffin sections to observe the neuronal apoptosis of dopamine under microscope with in situ end labeling and tyrosine-hydroxylase antibody immunohistochemical double-labeling staining technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Neuronal apoptosis of dopamine with in situ end labeling and tyrosine-hydroxylase antibody immunohistochemical double-labeling staining technique. RESULTS: ① After double-labeling staining, two kinks of positive products were observed in neurons of dopamine which were suffered from apoptosis. One stained with tyrosine hydroxylase was hyacinthine, and the other stained with in situ end labeling was buffy. Cells of positive products stained with in situ end labeling shaped as strap and bend and was distributed in clustering. Cytoplasm was hyacinthine, staining was symmetrical, and cellular ecphyma was observed. Nucleus was stained vacantly which was coincidence with form of neurons of dopamine. ②Apoptosis showed strictly in cytoplasm and nucleus at the aspect of morphology. Cytoplasm stained with in situ end labeling was hardly to recognize because of the usage of double-labeling staining technique, but nucleus was still characterized by apoptosis. The behavior of positive products stained with in situ end labeling was described as following: nucleus was buffy; karyopycnosis was round and irregular; caryotin was integrated into clump which was distributed at the border of nucleus and shaped as demilune and anular; positive signals were limited in nucleus and coincidence with morphological changes of apoptosis. However, blue and positive products were observed in cytoplasm of neurons of dopamine which did not occur apoptosis, and the nucleus was not labeled. Therefore, processing apoptosis of neurons of dopamine could be recognized. CONCULSION: Double-labeling staining technique can be used to correctly reveal histological and morphological changes of neuronal apoptosis of dopamine during its onset and development.展开更多
Background: Several animal models, including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and development of breast cancer. The causes ...Background: Several animal models, including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and development of breast cancer. The causes of cancer could be attributed to change in several tumor suppressor genes. The relationship between molecule associated to senescence and clinical prognosis of patients affected by mammary cancer is little known. Beyond a collection of data, the major interest of the present study was to carry out a clinical follow-up of patients affected by these tumors, through association with new molecular markers by immunohistochemical technic. Upon completing the study, 15 patients survived, while 45 died. In the case of malignant neoplasms, 40 patients died because of the illness. The type of surgery most used by veterinarian surgeons was the simple lumpectomy, followed by the regional mastectomy. Sentinel node was removed by surgery only when clearly affected. Result: Markings against steroid hormones were positive. Regarding the markings against HER2 and Ki-67, they were negative in all cases. The markings against P53 and CD31 were all positives. Markings against molecules associated with cellular senescence were all positives. No statistical differences were found in immunomarcation for the different antigens used as clinical prognosis factors in mammary neoplasms. Conclusions: According to the study conditions, the survival of patients affected by breast tumors is directly related to diagnosis and malignancy histological grade, but not to animal breed, number of affected glands or patient reproductive status. On the other hand, immunohistochemical markings were not related to the patient prognosis. For this reason, it is important to highlight the persistance of a high percentage of mammary neoplasm cases clinically diagnosed with poor results on patient survival. Thus, educating owners and veterinarians for using diagnostic available tools to improve the prognosis after surgical animals affected by breast cancer is quite necessary.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasm, the major cause of death in patients with cirrhosis, and the third most common cause of cancer-relat...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasm, the major cause of death in patients with cirrhosis, and the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. In Egypt, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in men and the 6th most common cancers in women. Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV in the world and the prevalence of HCC is increasing in the last years. Nowadays, HCV infection and its complications are among the leading public health challenges in Egypt with 13.8% of population infected and, in these patients, the risk of HCC is increased 17-fold. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a member of heparin sulfate proteoglycan family which is linked to cell surface. It plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and migration. It is normally expressed in fetal liver and placenta but not in normal adult liver tissue. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is an oxidatively modified promutagenic DNA that is produced by oxygen radicals and is recognized as a useful marker in estimating DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. The present work is a retrospective, cross-sectional, study performed on 150 liver paraffin blocks that included 100 cases of chronic hepatitis C and 50 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. These cases were collected from the Pathology Department. The 100 cases of chronic hepatitis C were graded into low grade chronic hepatitis (58) cases and high-grade chronic hepatitis (42) cases, 30 patients had cirrhosis, all in the high-grade group. The 50 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) included 18 cases of well-differentiated HCC (grade I), 22 cases of moderately differentiated HCC (grade II) and 10 cases of poorly differentiated HCC (grade III). Among 50 cases of HCC, 44 cases showed cirrhosis in the non-neoplastic liver tissue. There was a statistically significant difference in 8-OHdG index between chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (P = 0.006).</span>展开更多
基金2024 Hebei Provincial Health Commision and Medical Science Research Project Plan“Research on the Mechanism of CREB3 Family Members Regulating Tumor Immunity in Breast Carcinoma”(Project No.:20240287)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the clinical value of immunohistochemistry(IHC)detection in the pathological diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods:Eighty breast cancer patients admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were selected as study subjects.The samples were divided into a positive group(40 cases)and a negative group(40 cases)according to ER and PR test results.Immunohistochemistry was performed on all patients to compare the differences between the two groups in C-erbB-2 positive expression and axillary lymph node metastasis.Results:The positive expression rate of C-erbB-2 in the positive group(35.00%)was significantly lower than that in the negative group(80.00%),with a highly significant difference(P<0.001).The axillary lymph node metastasis rate in the positive group(40.00%)was significantly lower than that in the negative group(75.00%),with a significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:Immunohistochemical detection in breast cancer pathology enhances diagnostic accuracy,predicts prognosis,and supports personalized treatment by identifying ER,PR,and C-erbB-2.It is worth being widely adopted in clinical practice.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate ultrastructural characteristics of lenticule surface extracted during correction of residual myopia in patients after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods and material: This study had a prospective, consecutive, comparative design. Sixteen patients (16 eyes) underwent additional intervention for residual myopia correction after SMILE. 16 specimens of removed lenticules underwent morphological examination. Markers and reagents were used to determine actin microfilaments, neutral fats and cell nuclei. The tissue was analyzed in layers in 2D slices form, volumetric Z-stacks, or selected areas were formed in orthogonal projections. The surface of the extracted lenticule was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Patients’ refractive outcomes were measured postoperatively (1 day;1 and 3 months). Results: Postoperatively uncorrected distance visual acuity (20/20 or better) was in 100% cases 3 months after surgery. Ultrastructural studies have shown the difference in surfaces of the newly formed lenticule. Structural changes of the posterior lenticule surface were characterized by ruptures of collagen fibers on its surface, degenerative changes in keratocytes with signs of colliquation necrosis, cell apoptosis and F-actin in cell cytoplasm. Conclusion: Collagen fibers are immersed in the stroma on the anterior surface of the lenticule. There is no complete structure restoration of collagen fibers explaining the lack of tight adhesion of anterior and posterior surfaces of the intrastromal space even in the long-term postoperative period. There are no degenerative changes of keratocytes on the anterior lenticule surface, that is, their changes in SMILE are reversible in most cases.
文摘Background: FoxP3 gene variants have been linked to endometriosis, infertility, and autoimmune illnesses, according to numerous researches. Maternal sensitivity to the PE gene and the genetic variations of FoxP3 has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: Investigation of the immune-histochemical expression of FoxP3 in placental tissue of PE patients. Methods: A total of 26 pre-eclamptic women as a case and 26 ethnically matched healthy pregnant women as a control group aged between 18 and 40 years old of different gravidity and parity referred to the labor ward for delivery either by vaginal delivery or cesarean section was enrolled to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of FOXP3 in placental tissue of PE patients. Results: Lower expression of FOXP3 IHC was statistically significant and noted in the group of preeclampsia compared to the healthy control group. Lower gestational age at delivery and a higher percentage of cesarean section were statistically significant and noted in the group of preeclampsia compared to the healthy control group. Conclusion: In comparison to the healthy control group, preeclampsia patients had statistically significantly lower FOXP3 IHC expression, and FOXP3 polymorphism was associated with the development of PE. Our findings can serve as a guide for statistical analyses and functional investigations that are more in-depth.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFC1303200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81502060)Institutional Basic Research Funding (No.NCC2016YKY-06, JK2014B14)
文摘Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy, with a high incidence and poor prognosis. In the past several decades, hundreds of proteins have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of ESCC, but none has been widely accepted to guide clinical care. This study aimed to identify proteins with great potential for predicting prognosis of ESCC.Methods: We conducted a systematic review on immunohistochemical(IHC) prognostic markers of ESCC according to the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) Guidelines. Literature related to IHC prognostic markers of ESCC were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until January 30 th, 2017. The risk of bias of these original studies was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies(QUIPS) tool.Results: We identified 11 emerging IHC markers with reproducible results, including eight markers [epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), Cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), Survivin, Podoplanin, Fascin,phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR), and pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)] indicating unfavorable prognosis and 3 markers(P27, P16, and E-cadherin) indicating favorable prognosis of ESCC.Conclusion: Strong evidence supports that these 11 emerging IHC markers or their combinations may be useful in predicting prognosis and aiding personalized therapy decision-making for ESCC patients.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for over 90% of all primary liver cancers. With an ever increasing incidence trend year by year,it has become the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Hepatic resection is generally considered to be one of the most effective therapies for HCC patients,however,there is a high risk of recurrence in postoperativeHCC. In clinical practice,there exists an urgent need for valid prognostic markers to identify patients with prognosis,hence the importance of studies on prognostic markers in improving the prediction of HCC prognosis. This review focuses on the most promising immunohistochemical prognostic markers in predicting the postoperative survival of HCC patients.
基金supported by Hong Kong Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund (HKU 7/CRF/09)
文摘Following the classification of hepatocellular nodules by the International Working Party in 1995 and further elaboration by the International Consensus Group for Hepatocellular Neoplasia in 2009, entities under the spectrum of hepatocellular nodules have been better characterized. Research work hence has been done to answer questions such as distinguishing high-grade dysplastic nodules from early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), delineating the tumor cell origin of HCC, identifying its prognostic markers, and subtyping hepatocellular adenomas. As a result, a copious amount of data at immunohistochemical and molecular levels has emerged. A panel of immunohistochemical markers including glypican-3, heat shock protein 70 and glutamine synthetase has been found to be of use in the diagnosis of small, well differentiated hepatocellular tumors and particularly of HCC. The use of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), β-catenin, glutamine synthetase, serum amyloid protein and C-reactive protein is found to be helpful in the subtyping of hepatocellular adenomas. The role of tissue biomarkers for prognostication in HCC and the use of biomarkers in subclassifying HCC based on tumor cell origin are also discussed.
文摘AIM:To automate breast cancer diagnosis and to study the inter-observer and intra-observer variations in the manual evaluations.METHODS:Breast tissue specimens from sixty cases were stained separately for estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2/neu).All cases were assessed by manual grading as well as image analysis.The manual grading was performed by an experienced expert pathologist.To study inter-observer and intra-observer variations,we obtained readings from another pathologist as the second observer from a different laboratory who has a little less experience than the first observer.We also took a second reading from the second observer to study intra-observer variations.Image analysis was carried out using in-house developed software(TissueQuant).A comparison of the results from image analysis and manual scoring of ER,PR and HER-2/neu was also carried out.RESULTS:The performance of the automated analysis in the case of ER,PR and HER-2/neu expressions was compared with the manual evaluations.The performance of the automated system was found to correlate well with the manual evaluations.The inter-observer variations were measured using Spearman correlation coefficient r and 95%confidence interval.In the case of ER expression,Spearman correlation r=0.53,in the case of PR expression,r=0.63,and in the case of HER-2/neu expression,r=0.68.Similarly,intra-observer variations were also measured.In the case of ER,PR and HER-2/neu expressions,r=0.46,0.66 and 0.70,respectively.CONCLUSION:The automation of breast cancer diagnosis from immunohistochemically stained specimens is very useful for providing objective and repeatable evaluations.
文摘To evaluate the diagnostic implications of immunohistochemical markers in uterine smooth muscle tumors. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were selected from 17 uterine leiomyosarcomas, 40 uterine unusual leiomyomas and 25 uterine usual leiomyomas. Utilizing immunohistochemical techniques with antigen retrieval, serial sections of each tumor for immunoreactivity with myogenic markers, ovarian steroid receptors, CD44v3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and mast cells were assessed. Results: Although the myogenic markers and CD44v3 showed less frequent positivity in uterine leiomyosarcomas than those in unusual leiomyomas, they were not reliable markers for differentiating leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma. Uterine leiomyosarcoma tended to have lower ovarian steroid receptors immunoreactivity rates than leiomyoma. Leiomyoma tended to have a higher quantity of intratumoral mast cells than leiomyosarcoma, while the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was lower in them. Conclusion: Because the estimation of mitotic count was subject to significant variation, the immunohistochemical expression of ovarian steroid receptors, mast cells and proliferating cell nuclear antigen seemed to be helpful for the discrimination of unusual leiomyoma from leiomyosarcoma.
文摘The density of dendritic cells (DC) and macro-phages (Mφ) in tissue specimens of gastric carcinoma (GC n=65) was investigated by ABC im-munohistochemical method using anti-S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies, and was compared with that in gastric ulcer (GU n=19), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG n=28) and normal gastric mucosa (NGM n=15). The mean density if DC (cells/mm2) in GC (15.0 was significantly higher than that in NGM (3.8) and GU (8.3), but was remarkably lower when compared to that in CAG (29.5) (P<0.01). Statistically significant difference in the population density of DC was observed between well- and poorly-differentiated GC (P<0.01). With their unique dendritic processes, DC were mainly concentrated within dense lymphoid infiltrates or in the T-area of reactive lymphoid follicles and were interspersed among the tumor cells. In contrast, Mφ were present around the necrotic foci and were rarely seen within the non-necrotic neoplastic tissues. These data suggest that DC, which differ in morphology, distribution, number and function form Mφ may be more directly involved in the host immune reaction against tumor by acting as antigen presenting cells.
文摘Biopsy specimens of normal mucosa (n=5). adenomas (n -13), adenocarcinomas (n = 8). mucosa adjacent to adenoma (n=10) mucosa adjacent to adenocarcinoma (n = 7 ) at the large bowel were investigated by an iminunohistochemical method using 5- bromodeoxynldine (BrdUrd) . The labeling index (LI) was significantly lower in normal nucosa than mucosa adjacent to neoplasms and adenomas and adenocarcinomas. The proliferative zone was confined to the lower two- third at the crypt in normal mucosa and in mucosa adjacent to neoplasms. The labeled cells were either present in the upper third or scattered along the crust and in surface epithelium. The results support the adenmo-carcinoma sequence.
文摘Aspergilli are filamentous fungi which can cause opportunistic infections in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Aspergilli can be found in human tissues either in the form of spores or hyphae. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene located in the short arm of chromosome 17. It is a potent transcriptional regulator of genes which are involved in many cellular activities including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and angiogenesis. A loss of tumor suppressor function of p53 is the most common event leading to the development of human cancers. The rate by which p53 has a homology between different species has been reported from human to other vertebrates, it has been reported that it is available within Drosophila melanogaster and C. elegans [1] [2]. The aim of this study is to check if p53 is localized within Aspergilli or not using immunohistochemical techniques and study the relationship between Aspergilli infection and p53 in human lung tissues. 45 different samples of lung tissues, diagnosed as being none tumor, were taken randomly during the year of 2003-2004 from the autopsy cases submitted to the forensic medicine center in Irbid, Jordan. The sample group consisted of 12 females and 33 males. Labeled Streptavidin Biotin (LSAB) method and Mach-4 method were used to determine the Aspergilli infection and p53. The results show that the Aspergillus is presented in all used samples (100% of the infection) in the form of spores or hyphae and all infected samples have mutant p53 molecules (p53 was located in Aspergillus spores and hyphae). According to this study, it is safe to posit that the mutant p53 molecules may be used by Aspergillus for its multiplication. Seemingly it is a biological behavior of Aspergillus to produce p53. The fate of the p53 is questioned, is it going to interact with the human cells initiating cancer? Further experimental investigations are required to determine such pathway. In conclusion, this study shows that Aspergillus is a producing agent for p53 and Aspergillus pathogenicity is caused by production of p53.
文摘GFAP is a specific antigen of glial element, but Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin has not been reported in the literature. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was guided by GFAP using PAP method to the astrocytes of 137 gliomas. 120 (87%) gliomas were positive for Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Of these 120 gliomas, 86 (72%) gave diffuse distribution, 17 (14%) gave focal distribution, and 17 (14%) gave scattered distributions. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in glioma tissue may be an important tumor marker for diagnosis.
文摘The histogensis of extramammary Paget's disease has not been solved and remained controversial. Eight cases of extramammary Paget's disease of geni-tocrural region were investigated by alcian blue and PAS stain and immunoreaction of anti-CEA and anti-keratin. It was found that the pattern and intensity of alcian blue, PAS staining were identical for Paget cells and secretory cells of apocrine sweat gland; and CEA immunoreactivity was uniformly observed in both Paget cells and eccrine sweat gland. The keratin immunoreaction was positive in keratinocytes, apocrine and eccrine sweat gland, whereas Paget cells were negative. These results suggested that Paget cells of extramammary Paget's disease could be derived from multipotential epidermal germ cells.
文摘A combined histopathological, mucin histochemi-cal and immunohistochemical study of the transitional mucosa (TM) adjacent to colorectal cancer is presented. Twenty-six resected specimens were studied by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB). Carcinoem-bryonic antigen (CEA) was demonstrated by peroxi-dase antiperoxidass (PAP) technique. The appearance of the TM is usually thicker, longer and dilated crypts with increased immature and intermediate cells. Variable amount of sialomucins and decrease sulphomucins content as well as increased CEA content are found in the TM. These changes are not seen in non-transitional zone and normal colorectal mucosa. It is suggested that the mucin changes and expression of CEA in the TM may indicate an early primary premalignant changes and may be one of the reasons for the TM affecting the prognosis of patients with large bowel cancer after radical resection.
文摘Sixteen cases of chordoms were studied with various polycolonal and monoilonal antibodies and ABC technic.such as antibodies S-100 protein, neurou specific enodas(NSE ), lysozyme, α1- AT, Myoglobin, desmin, keratin and cytokeratin. Two embryonic notochords and three chondrosarcomas were studied as control. Most of chordomas revealed positive results with NSE ( 12/16 ). Des ( 12 / 16 ) . α1-AT ( 11/ 16 ), MG( 11/16 ) . S-100( 10 /16)and CK ( 8 / 16 ), while K and Lys were negative in all( 16 )cases. It denotes that chordoma has the potentiality for both mesodermal and ectodermal differentiation. Lys was positive in all 3 chondrosarcomas while the CK was negative. So that Lys can be considered as an useful antibody to distinguish chordoma from chondrosarcoma, and CK is somewhat useful for this differential diagnosis too.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Oral potentially malignant disorders, which include oral lichen planus (OLP), are clinical presentations that carry a risk of development to cancer in the oral cavity. Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) are also termed interface/lichenoid mucositis. Malignant transformation of them remains controversial, but distinct clinical and histological criteria for how to differentiate OLP from OLLs have not been developed.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The purpose of this study was to elucidate findings that can allow histopathological differentiation of OLP and OLLs using histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Analyses were performed in 10 cases diagnosed with OLP and 9 cases diagnosed with OLLs. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Ki-67 and CD3 were used as primary antibodies to detect basal cells, proliferative activity and T-cell distribution, respectively</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Perlecan and COX-2 to evaluate epithelial intracellular arrangements and interstitial distributions of proteoglycans and enzymes. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> For CK19, positive cells were significantly found in OLLs at both the prominent area and site adjacent to the lesion comparison with those of OLP’s. The number of COX-2 positive cells was significantly higher in spinous and basal layers in OLLs of the prominent area. Additionally, OLLs showed mild to moderate expression for perlecan in the basal to spinous layers and in subepithelial tissue. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Almost no basal cells were noted in the prominent area in OLP. COX-2 and perlecan were found in the basal to spinous layers in OLLs. Although there are restrictions, these suggested the possibility of helping to distinguish between OLP and OLLs.</span>
文摘Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is not an uncommon T-cell lymphoma in Iraqi population which is increasing over years. There are many diagnostic techniques to confirm the diagnosis including histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. Objectives: To evaluate all cases of MF including clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests with CD markers. Patients and Methods: This clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical outpatient based study took place in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from May 2012-September 2013. Twenty five patients with MF were included in the present work. History was obtained from each patient regarding all socio-demographic aspects related to the disease. Also, clinical evaluation was carried out for all patients. Incisional biopsies for ordinary histopathology and immunohistochemical tests were done. Then staging was carried out depending on TNMB classification for all patients. Results: All cases of MF were confirmed after clinical evaluation, histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean age of onset at presentation was 47.45 ± 16.9 years. Itching was found in 84% of cases. The patch stage was seen in 36% patients. The hypopigmentaed MF was presented in 12% cases. The lower extremities were seen in 80%. Lymph node involvement as a manifestation of the disease was seen in 44% cases. The histopathological features of MF went parallel with the clinical stage of disease. Immunohistochemical study aids in the diagnosis of patch and erythrodermic stages. The most patients presented with stage IB (36%). Conclusion: MF seems to be not uncommon problem in Iraqi population and is increasing over years. The disease was diagnosed early commonly with patch stage (stage IB) while hypopigmented MF was not a common variant when compared with neighboring countries.
文摘BACKGROUND: It is proved that the onset of Parkinson disease companies with neuronal apoptosis of dopamine in substantia nigra of midbrain. Previous researches on neuronal apoptosis of dopamine were analyzed on their consecutive tissue sections with immunohistochemical single-labeling method, immunofluorescence and electron microscope, and there are significant differences.OBJECTIVE : To observe the feasibility of neuronal apoptosis of dopamine with in situ end labeling and tyrosine-hydroxylase antibody immunohistochemical double-labeling staining technique.DESIGN : Controlled study.SETTING: College of Pharmacology of Taishan Medical College; College of Management of Taishan Medical College. MATERIALS : Wistar rats with 2 weeks old and of clean grade were provided by the Animal Center of Taishan Medical College. In situ end labeling kit (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, mixed reactive solution of nucleotide, transfusion-POD), monoclonal antibody of rat antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (Boehriuser). METHODS: The experiment was completed at the Pharmacological Laboratory of Taishan Medical College from February to December 2005. Tissue from midbrain of rats was taken out to make paraffin sections to observe the neuronal apoptosis of dopamine under microscope with in situ end labeling and tyrosine-hydroxylase antibody immunohistochemical double-labeling staining technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Neuronal apoptosis of dopamine with in situ end labeling and tyrosine-hydroxylase antibody immunohistochemical double-labeling staining technique. RESULTS: ① After double-labeling staining, two kinks of positive products were observed in neurons of dopamine which were suffered from apoptosis. One stained with tyrosine hydroxylase was hyacinthine, and the other stained with in situ end labeling was buffy. Cells of positive products stained with in situ end labeling shaped as strap and bend and was distributed in clustering. Cytoplasm was hyacinthine, staining was symmetrical, and cellular ecphyma was observed. Nucleus was stained vacantly which was coincidence with form of neurons of dopamine. ②Apoptosis showed strictly in cytoplasm and nucleus at the aspect of morphology. Cytoplasm stained with in situ end labeling was hardly to recognize because of the usage of double-labeling staining technique, but nucleus was still characterized by apoptosis. The behavior of positive products stained with in situ end labeling was described as following: nucleus was buffy; karyopycnosis was round and irregular; caryotin was integrated into clump which was distributed at the border of nucleus and shaped as demilune and anular; positive signals were limited in nucleus and coincidence with morphological changes of apoptosis. However, blue and positive products were observed in cytoplasm of neurons of dopamine which did not occur apoptosis, and the nucleus was not labeled. Therefore, processing apoptosis of neurons of dopamine could be recognized. CONCULSION: Double-labeling staining technique can be used to correctly reveal histological and morphological changes of neuronal apoptosis of dopamine during its onset and development.
基金the Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP),Brazil,which provided financial support for Francisco Pedraza-Ordonez through the Post-doctoral Fellowship2011/23737-3.
文摘Background: Several animal models, including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and development of breast cancer. The causes of cancer could be attributed to change in several tumor suppressor genes. The relationship between molecule associated to senescence and clinical prognosis of patients affected by mammary cancer is little known. Beyond a collection of data, the major interest of the present study was to carry out a clinical follow-up of patients affected by these tumors, through association with new molecular markers by immunohistochemical technic. Upon completing the study, 15 patients survived, while 45 died. In the case of malignant neoplasms, 40 patients died because of the illness. The type of surgery most used by veterinarian surgeons was the simple lumpectomy, followed by the regional mastectomy. Sentinel node was removed by surgery only when clearly affected. Result: Markings against steroid hormones were positive. Regarding the markings against HER2 and Ki-67, they were negative in all cases. The markings against P53 and CD31 were all positives. Markings against molecules associated with cellular senescence were all positives. No statistical differences were found in immunomarcation for the different antigens used as clinical prognosis factors in mammary neoplasms. Conclusions: According to the study conditions, the survival of patients affected by breast tumors is directly related to diagnosis and malignancy histological grade, but not to animal breed, number of affected glands or patient reproductive status. On the other hand, immunohistochemical markings were not related to the patient prognosis. For this reason, it is important to highlight the persistance of a high percentage of mammary neoplasm cases clinically diagnosed with poor results on patient survival. Thus, educating owners and veterinarians for using diagnostic available tools to improve the prognosis after surgical animals affected by breast cancer is quite necessary.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasm, the major cause of death in patients with cirrhosis, and the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. In Egypt, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in men and the 6th most common cancers in women. Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV in the world and the prevalence of HCC is increasing in the last years. Nowadays, HCV infection and its complications are among the leading public health challenges in Egypt with 13.8% of population infected and, in these patients, the risk of HCC is increased 17-fold. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a member of heparin sulfate proteoglycan family which is linked to cell surface. It plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and migration. It is normally expressed in fetal liver and placenta but not in normal adult liver tissue. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is an oxidatively modified promutagenic DNA that is produced by oxygen radicals and is recognized as a useful marker in estimating DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. The present work is a retrospective, cross-sectional, study performed on 150 liver paraffin blocks that included 100 cases of chronic hepatitis C and 50 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. These cases were collected from the Pathology Department. The 100 cases of chronic hepatitis C were graded into low grade chronic hepatitis (58) cases and high-grade chronic hepatitis (42) cases, 30 patients had cirrhosis, all in the high-grade group. The 50 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) included 18 cases of well-differentiated HCC (grade I), 22 cases of moderately differentiated HCC (grade II) and 10 cases of poorly differentiated HCC (grade III). Among 50 cases of HCC, 44 cases showed cirrhosis in the non-neoplastic liver tissue. There was a statistically significant difference in 8-OHdG index between chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (P = 0.006).</span>