Objective To investigate the immunotoxicity of acrylamide （ACR） in female BALB/c mice.Methods A total of 200 female mice weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into four clusters based on body weight, and each weigh...Objective To investigate the immunotoxicity of acrylamide （ACR） in female BALB/c mice.Methods A total of 200 female mice weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into four clusters based on body weight, and each weight-based cluster included five groups （10 mice per group）： negative control, positive control （cyclophosphamide）, low, intermediate, and high dose ACR groups, and all the groups were administered ACR by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the study, the immunotoxicological effects of the ACR were evaluated through immunopathology, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and non-specific immunity. Results The terminal body weight, spleen and thymus weights, lymphocyte counts in the ACR-H group were decreased, pathological changes were observed in lymph glands, thymus and spleen. %T cells in blood lymphocytes were significantly increased in all ACR-treated groups, and a significant reduction of % natural killer（NK） cells and increase of %Th cells were observed in the ACR-H group. interleukin-6（IL-6）, Concanavalin A（ConA）-induced splenocyte proliferation and serum half hemolysis value （HCso） were also significantly suppressed in the ACR-H group. Conclusion ACR elicited an inhibitory effect on cellular and humoral immunity of mice after 30 day feeding.展开更多
Perfluorinated organic compounds(PFOCs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs) widely distributed in the environment,wildlife and human.We studied the toxicology of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and perflu...Perfluorinated organic compounds(PFOCs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs) widely distributed in the environment,wildlife and human.We studied the toxicology of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) on immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in primarily cultured hepatocytes of freshwater tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Cultured hepatocytes were exposed to PFOS or PFOA(0,10,20 and 30 mg/L) for 24,48,72,96,120 and 144 hours,respectively.Oral doses of these compounds that induce significantly detectable immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity were employed in the study.In response to PFOS,the leukocytes,B cells,granulocytes,and macrophages among the isolation of intrahepatic immune cells(IHIC) from PFOS-treated tilapia produced significant levels of immune cells compared with that of the control group.The numbers of leukocytes,B cells,granulocytes,and macrophages for PFOS-treated tilapia increased with the incremental exposure concentration.Moreover,similar to the findings in PFOA toxicity effects,the erythropoietin levels in tilapia increased with the increase of the PFOS and PFOA concentrations.The lowest doses(10 mg/L) of PFOS exposure led to a marked inhibition in the hepatocyte viability in tilapia.Similarly,tilapia exposed to PFOA demonstrated a similar pattern,and a dose-dependent decrease in the hepatocyte viability was observed in the following treatment of PFOA.In the 72 h exposures,ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) activity was significantly induced with the increase concentrations in tilapia liver(p<0.05).Tilapia showed a strong EROD induction in livers,and significantly difference in EROD activity was observed between control,PFOS and PFOA-exposed tilapias.The liver glycogen content showed that PFOS and PFOA exposure caused significant changes in the liver glycogen content,which depended on the duration of exposure.And it appeared that the decrease in blood glucose level during the acclimation was followed by significant increase in liver glycogen content in tilapia.展开更多
Sesquiterpenes in Eupatorium adenophorum are abundant in leaves and have great development potential as biopesticides. The toxicity of sesquiterpenes in immune cells and their corresponding immune functions are not fu...Sesquiterpenes in Eupatorium adenophorum are abundant in leaves and have great development potential as biopesticides. The toxicity of sesquiterpenes in immune cells and their corresponding immune functions are not fully understood. We evaluated the immunotoxicity of two cadinene sesquiterpenes 2-deoxo-2-（acetyloxy）-9-oxoageraphorone（DAOA） and 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-agerophorone（ODA） by using histopathology and toxicology methods in vitro and in vivo in lymphocytes and natural killer cells in Kunming mice. The mice were given single doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg kg^-1 body weight（BW） of DAOA/ODA every day for a week. S erious damage to the thymus and spleen was found in tissue images with clear lysis reduction numbers and a loosened arrangement of splenocytes and thymocytes to the mice treated with 150–300 mg kg^-1 DAOA/ODA. Mice cytology was also affected with significant cellular alterations, increased splenocytes apoptosis rates（P〈0.01）, proliferation reduction（P〈0.05） and natural killer cells activities reduction（P〈0.05） when given 150–300 mg kg^-1 DAOA/ODA, the severities of which were dose-dependent. Howev er, a 75 mg kg^-1 dose of DAOA/ODA showed no change in tissue or cytology after the 7 day treatment, and therefore was considered to be within acceptable safety parameters. Taken together, cadinene sesquiterpenes, as a type of toxic botanical component, have low environmental risks in small doses and should be further studied for their use as biopesticides.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program(2012BAK01B00)
文摘Objective To investigate the immunotoxicity of acrylamide （ACR） in female BALB/c mice.Methods A total of 200 female mice weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into four clusters based on body weight, and each weight-based cluster included five groups （10 mice per group）： negative control, positive control （cyclophosphamide）, low, intermediate, and high dose ACR groups, and all the groups were administered ACR by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the study, the immunotoxicological effects of the ACR were evaluated through immunopathology, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and non-specific immunity. Results The terminal body weight, spleen and thymus weights, lymphocyte counts in the ACR-H group were decreased, pathological changes were observed in lymph glands, thymus and spleen. %T cells in blood lymphocytes were significantly increased in all ACR-treated groups, and a significant reduction of % natural killer（NK） cells and increase of %Th cells were observed in the ACR-H group. interleukin-6（IL-6）, Concanavalin A（ConA）-induced splenocyte proliferation and serum half hemolysis value （HCso） were also significantly suppressed in the ACR-H group. Conclusion ACR elicited an inhibitory effect on cellular and humoral immunity of mice after 30 day feeding.
基金supported by Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Materials Engineering and Technology (No. KFJJ1106)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection (No.JLCBE11004)Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute (No. JSIMR10E04)
文摘Perfluorinated organic compounds(PFOCs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs) widely distributed in the environment,wildlife and human.We studied the toxicology of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) on immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in primarily cultured hepatocytes of freshwater tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Cultured hepatocytes were exposed to PFOS or PFOA(0,10,20 and 30 mg/L) for 24,48,72,96,120 and 144 hours,respectively.Oral doses of these compounds that induce significantly detectable immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity were employed in the study.In response to PFOS,the leukocytes,B cells,granulocytes,and macrophages among the isolation of intrahepatic immune cells(IHIC) from PFOS-treated tilapia produced significant levels of immune cells compared with that of the control group.The numbers of leukocytes,B cells,granulocytes,and macrophages for PFOS-treated tilapia increased with the incremental exposure concentration.Moreover,similar to the findings in PFOA toxicity effects,the erythropoietin levels in tilapia increased with the increase of the PFOS and PFOA concentrations.The lowest doses(10 mg/L) of PFOS exposure led to a marked inhibition in the hepatocyte viability in tilapia.Similarly,tilapia exposed to PFOA demonstrated a similar pattern,and a dose-dependent decrease in the hepatocyte viability was observed in the following treatment of PFOA.In the 72 h exposures,ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) activity was significantly induced with the increase concentrations in tilapia liver(p<0.05).Tilapia showed a strong EROD induction in livers,and significantly difference in EROD activity was observed between control,PFOS and PFOA-exposed tilapias.The liver glycogen content showed that PFOS and PFOA exposure caused significant changes in the liver glycogen content,which depended on the duration of exposure.And it appeared that the decrease in blood glucose level during the acclimation was followed by significant increase in liver glycogen content in tilapia.
基金supported by the Special Non-profit Agricultural Industrial Research Fund of China (201103027)
文摘Sesquiterpenes in Eupatorium adenophorum are abundant in leaves and have great development potential as biopesticides. The toxicity of sesquiterpenes in immune cells and their corresponding immune functions are not fully understood. We evaluated the immunotoxicity of two cadinene sesquiterpenes 2-deoxo-2-（acetyloxy）-9-oxoageraphorone（DAOA） and 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-agerophorone（ODA） by using histopathology and toxicology methods in vitro and in vivo in lymphocytes and natural killer cells in Kunming mice. The mice were given single doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg kg^-1 body weight（BW） of DAOA/ODA every day for a week. S erious damage to the thymus and spleen was found in tissue images with clear lysis reduction numbers and a loosened arrangement of splenocytes and thymocytes to the mice treated with 150–300 mg kg^-1 DAOA/ODA. Mice cytology was also affected with significant cellular alterations, increased splenocytes apoptosis rates（P〈0.01）, proliferation reduction（P〈0.05） and natural killer cells activities reduction（P〈0.05） when given 150–300 mg kg^-1 DAOA/ODA, the severities of which were dose-dependent. Howev er, a 75 mg kg^-1 dose of DAOA/ODA showed no change in tissue or cytology after the 7 day treatment, and therefore was considered to be within acceptable safety parameters. Taken together, cadinene sesquiterpenes, as a type of toxic botanical component, have low environmental risks in small doses and should be further studied for their use as biopesticides.
