Nonlinear Impact Damage Evolution of Charpy Type and Analysis of Its Key Influencing Factors

The current research of Charpy impact mainly focuses on obtaining the ductile brittle transition temperature of materials by experiments.Compared with experiments,numerical simulation can study many problems with harsh conditions.However,there are still few studies on the influence of geometric factors such as side grooves.In this paper,the geometry of standard Charpy impact test is designed.Specimens with different widths and side grooves are tested.The finite element model of Charpy impact was established by ABAQUS software.Use test results and simulation results to verify each other.The effects of sample width,side groove depth and side groove bottom fillet on the impact fracture resistance of the sample were studied.The results show that the specimen width is positively correlated with the impact toughness of the specimen.The side groove greatly reduces the impact toughness of the material;the toughness of side groove decreases with the increase of depth;the fracture toughness of side groove decreases with the increase of fillet at the bottom of side groove.The proportion of toughness energy to impact energy of samples was analyzed.The results show that the toughness energy accounts for about 70%of the impact energy of the sample,which has little to do with the geometric characteristics of the sample.This study presents a reliable method for studying Charpy impact tests.The influence of geometric parameters is obtained,which provides a reference method for the study of impact toughness of high toughness materials.

The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Migraine Frequency and Severity in Neurology

Objective: This systematic review examines the impact of lifestyle factors on migraine frequency and severity through a comprehensive analysis of lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress, mental health, and environmental influences. Methods: We thoroughly searched Google Scholar, PUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to migraines and lifestyle factors. Keywords incorporated the Boolean operator “and” to narrow search results. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified, screened, and evaluated studies for inclusion, resulting in nine studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 4917 records were initially identified from Scopus (2786), PubMed (854), and Web of Science (1277). Following deduplication, 3657 records underwent title screening, with 382 additionally screened by abstract. Ultimately, 88 full-text articles were assessed, resulting in 9 studies meeting eligibility for qualitative synthesis: 7 prospective and 2 retrospective studies. Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of lifestyle factors in migraine pathophysiology and management. Dietary habits, such as high-calorie, high-fat, and gluten-containing diets were linked to migraine triggers. Moderate physical activity showed beneficial effects on migraine management, while intense exercise could exacerbate symptoms. Poor sleep hygiene and insomnia were strongly associated with increased migraine frequency and severity. Chronic stress and poor mental health significantly contributed to migraine exacerbation, with stress management techniques proving beneficial. Environmental factors, including light, sound, weather changes, and allergens, were also identified as significant migraine triggers. Conclusions: Personalized lifestyle modifications, tailored to individual patient profiles, are crucial in managing migraines. Evidence-based recommendations include balanced diets, moderate physical activity, improved sleep hygiene, stress management techniques, and environmental adaptations.

Adverse drug reactions of first-line antitubercular drugs:A retrospective study on characteristics,management,factors,and impacts

Objective:To elucidate the characteristics,management strategies,risk factors,and clinical impacts associated with adverse drug reactions(ADRs)induced by first-line antitubercular drugs to enhance tuberculosis(TB)management.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted by retrieving drug-susceptible TB records among adult patients who received TB treatment from 2018 to 2021 at 10 public health clinics in Sarawak,Malaysia.Only the initial TB treatment and occurrence of specific ADRs within the study period were considered.Regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with both overall ADRs and individual types of ADRs.Results:Among 2953 cases,705(23.9%)developed ADRs.Cutaneous reactions were the most prevalent(47.1%),followed by hepatotoxicity(32.8%)and gastrointestinal disturbances(29.8%).Six out of seven types of ADRs investigated occurred within the intensive phase,mostly manifesting at approximately 2 weeks of initiation.Hepatotoxicity resulted in the majority(85.3%)of treatment discontinuations,while vision problems led to treatment modifications in half of the cases.Risk factors for all ADRs included age≥60 years,females,illicit drug use,and comorbidities such as HIV-positive,diabetes,and chronic liver disease.Alcohol consumption was independently associated with hepatotoxicity.ADRs caused around one-third of interruptions exceeding 2 weeks(33.0%)and subsequently necessitated treatment restarts(34.5%).Conclusions:Understanding these various aspects contributes to improving the overall management of ADRs in TB treatment.Close ADR monitoring and reporting are essential to strengthen ADR management.

Predicting impact forces on pipelines from deep-sea fluidized slides:A comprehensive review of key factors

Deep-sea pipelines play a pivotal role in seabed mineral resource development,global energy and resource supply provision,network communication,and environmental protection.However,the placement of these pipelines on the seabed surface exposes them to potential risks arising from the complex deep-sea hydrodynamic and geological environment,particularly submarine slides.Historical incidents have highlighted the substantial damage to pipelines due to slides.Specifically,deep-sea fluidized slides(in a debris/mud flow or turbidity current physical state),characterized by high speed,pose a significant threat.Accurately assessing the impact forces exerted on pipelines by fluidized submarine slides is crucial for ensuring pipeline safety.This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in understanding pipeline impact forces caused by fluidized deep-sea slides,thereby identifying key factors and corresponding mechanisms that influence pipeline impact forces.These factors include the velocity,density,and shear behavior of deep-sea fluidized slides,as well as the geometry,stiffness,self-weight,and mechanical model of pipelines.Additionally,the interface contact conditions and spatial relations were examined within the context of deep-sea slides and their interactions with pipelines.Building upon a thorough review of these achievements,future directions were proposed for assessing and characterizing the key factors affecting slide impact loading on pipelines.A comprehensive understanding of these results is essential for the sustainable development of deep-sea pipeline projects associated with seabed resource development and the implementation of disaster prevention measures.

Quantifying the impact of earthquakes and geological factors on spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow prone areas:A case study in the Hengduan Mountains

Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow-prone areas holds significant implications for regional risk management, particularly in seismically active regions with geological faults. Despite the significance of this knowledge, a comprehensive quantification of the influence of regional topographical and geological factors on the spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow-prone areas has been lacking. This study selected the Hengduan Mountains, an earthquake-prone region characterized by diverse surface conditions and complex landforms, as a representative study area. An improved units zoning and objective factors identification methodology was employed in earthquake and fault analysis to assess the impact of seismic activity and geological factors on spatial heterogeneity of debrisflow prone areas. Results showed that the application of GIS technology with hydrodynamic intensity and geographical units analysis can effectively analyze debris-flow prone areas. Meanwhile, earthquake and fault zones obviously increase the density of debrisflow prone catchments and make them unevenly distributed. The number of debris-flow prone areas shows a nonlinear variation with the gradual increase of geomorphic factor value. Specifically, the area with 1000 m-2500 m elevation difference, 25°-30° average slope, and 0.13-0.15 land use index is the most favorable conditions for debris-flow occurrence;The average annual rainfall from 600 to 1150 mm and landslides gradient from 16° to 35° are the main causal factors to trigger debris flow. Our study sheds light on the quantification of spatial heterogeneity in debris flow-prone areas in earthquake-prone regions, which can offer crucial support for post-debris flow risk management strategies.

Efficacy and Impact on Inflammatory Factors and Lung Function in Pediatric Bronchial Asthma Treated with Modified Dingchuan Decoction

Objective:To study the efficacy of treating pediatric bronchial asthma with a modified Dingchuan Decoction and its effect on inflammatory factors and lung function levels.Methods:Sixty cases of bronchial asthma admitted to the hospital between January and December 2023 were divided into two groups using a computerized randomization method.One group of 30 cases received basic treatment with a salmeterol ticarcoson powder inhaler(control group),while the observation group received the same treatment plus a modified Dingchuan Decoction.The disappearance time of symptoms,levels of inflammatory factors,lung function indexes,and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results:The disappearance time of symptoms in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group.The levels of inflammatory factors after treatment were lower,and lung function indexes were higher in the observation group compared to the control group.Additionally,the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the clinical treatment of pediatric bronchial asthma,supplementing conventional Western medicine with a modified Dingchuan Decoction is effective,as it actively reduces inflammatory factor levels and improves lung function.

Changing Process and Impact Factors of Ecosystem in Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland of China

By introducing geological and natural conditions of Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland,a national nature reserve,and borrowing Landsat5 TM wetland data of the year 1987 and 2005,the core area of Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland is studied,areas of its natural water,mudflat,seepweed beach,culture zone,reservoir and swag,reed field,rice field and non-wetland landscape are respectively analyzed,as well as the changes of wetland community,water quality,waterfowl quantity and species.It is found that the study area is suffering from serious fragmentation of wetland,reducing reed yield,degrading water quality,decreasing bird species and amount,which implies that the degraded wetland environment has imposed threats on the survival of some wetland species.Root causes of such a result are analyzed from the perspectives of regional climate changes and human interventions;while regional climate changes include obvious temperature increase and precipitation decrease,human interventions include oil exploration,reclamation of land from the lake,overuse of biotic resources,environment pollution.Due to the interactive influence of these two factors,ecosystem of Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland has experienced drastic changes,which should be attached sufficient importance by relevant departments so as to enhance its protection and management.

Impacts of Environmental Factors on the Structure Characteristics of Avian Community in Shanghai Woodlots in Spring

From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which included 31 resident and 24 migratory species. With statistics methodology, we analyzed the avian communities with 10 major environmental factors covering the park area, water percentage, vegetation species, canopy cover, shrub cover, grass cover, hill number, location condition, human quantity, path width, the study results indicated that: (1) the following 7 environmental factors were important to impact the structures of the avian community, they were park area, vegetation species, shrub coverage, grass coverage, hill number, location condition of the parks and path width; (2) the avian community of theses urban parks tended to deteriorate in the bird number and diversity; the man-made lake which was currently promoted in the park designing and planning process would not be good to attract the birds.

Pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease： oxidative stress, environmental impact factors and inflammatory processes

Current hypothesis of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） have been proposed, including formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, trophic factor deficiency, inflammatory processes, genetic factors, environmental impact factors, toxic action of nitric oxide, apoptosis, and so on. This review mainly discussed oxidative stress, environmental impact factors, and inflammatory processes in PD.

Path Analysis on the Meteorological Factors Impacting Soil Respiration Rate of Wheat Field

[Objective]The experiment aimed to study the effects of meteorological factors under different weather conditions on soil respiration. [ Method] The path analysis was used to analyze meteorological factors which influenced soil respiration of wheat field under different weather condition and at jointing stage. [ Result] In sunny day, the correlations between ground temperature at 5 cm, solar radiation, air relative humidity, air temperature and soil respiration were all at significant level while solar radiation and ground temperature at 5 cm were the major factors which influenced soil respiration. In cloudy day, solar radiation was a major factor which influenced soil respiration.[ Conclusion] The soil respiration and surplus path coefficient in sunny day were all higher than these in cloudy day, which demonstrated that except influenced by ground temperature, air temperature, solar radiation and air relative humidity, the soil respiration was also influenced by other factors especially biological factor.

Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease: oxidative stress, environmental impact factors and inflammatory processes

Current hypothesis of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been proposed, including formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, trophic factor deficiency, inflam- matory processes, genetic factors, environmental impact factors, toxic action of nitric oxide, apoptosis, and so on. This review mainly discussed oxidative stress, environmental impact factors, and inflammatory processes in PD.

Impacting Factors of Elemental Mercury Re-emission across a Lab-scale Simulated Scrubber

Elemental mercury（Hg^0）re-emissions from slurries and solutions were evaluated in a lab-scale simulated scrubber.Oxidized mercury（Hg^2 ＋）standard solution was injected into the simulated scrubber at a desired rate to simulate absorbing and dissolving of Hg^2 ＋in the flue gas across wet flue gas desulfurization（WFGD）systems. PS analytical mercury analyzer was used to continuously determine Hg0re-emission concentrations in the carrier gas from the scrubber.Sulfite ion in the slurry of CaSO3 was validated to reduce Hg ^2＋to Hg^ 0,while no Hg ^0 re-emission occurred from slurries of CaSO4 and CaO.Transitional metal ions with low chemical valence such as Fe^2 ＋,Pb ^2＋,Ni ^2＋, AsO2^-and Cu ^＋were used to prepare solutions with concentration levels of mmol·L^-1.Reduction reaction of Hg^2 ＋to Hg 0was observed from these solutions.Reduction capabilities for the different transitional metal ions in the solutions were：Pb^2 ＋〉Cu ^＋〉Fe^ 2＋〉 AsO2^-〉Ni ^2＋.

Impact factors identification of spatial heterogeneity of herbaceous plant diversity on five southern islands of Miaodao Archipelago in North China

Herbaceous plants are widely distributed on islands and where they exhibit spatial heterogeneity.Accurately identifying the impact factors that drive spatial heterogeneity can reveal typical island biodiversity patterns.Five southern islands in the Miaodao Archipelago,North China were studied herein.The spatial distribution of herbaceous plant diversity on these islands was analyzed,and the impact factors and their degree of impact on spatial heterogeneity were identified using CCA ordination and ANOVA.The results reveal 114 herbaceous plant species,belonging to 94 genera from 34 families in the50 plots sampled.The total species numbers on different islands were significantly positively correlated with island area,and the average a diversity was correlated with human activities,while the(3 diversity among islands was more affected by island area than mutual distances.Spatial heterogeneity within islands indicated that the diversities were generally high in areas with higher altitude,slope,total nitrogen,total carbon,and canopy density,and lower moisture content,pH,total phosphorus,total potassium,and aspect.Among the environmental factors,pH,canopy density,total K,total P,moisture content,altitude,and slope had significant gross effects,but only canopy density exhibited a significant net effect.Terrain affected diversity by restricting plantation,plantation in turn influenced soil properties and the two together affected diversity.Therefore,plantation was ultimately the fundamental driving factor for spatial heterogeneity in herbaceous plant diversity on the five islands.

Calculation of Ecological Footprint Based on Modified Method and Quantitative Analysis of Its Impact Factors——A Case Study of Shanghai

Ecological footprint （EF） has attracted much attention internationally as a potential indicator for sustainable development. In China, EF has also gained recognition in related fields and disciplines. Moreover, some scholars in these fields have proposed alternative methods to calculate EF and have made some progress. This paper, therefore, begins with the introduction and development of EF in China. However, the established methods of EF calculation hold some limitations, such as indicator variance and result abnormality. In order to resolve those problems, the authors make a further modification considering the demand of EF as a comprehensive indicator： 1） More accurate analysis has been done to divide EF into several parts： imported EF, exported EF, and producible EF, which is the solution to the problem of abnormality in original EF results and can explain abnormal phenomena reasonably. 2） Considering the actual situa- tion of Shanghai, emended equivalence factor is brought forward and a matrix is formed with equivalence factors. The measure can reduce the deviation between the fact and the results. 3） The calculation compares local yield with global average yield to analyze the effects of yields. And based on local yields in different years, the results are more accurate. Finally, the calculation method is applied to calculating EF of Shanghai from 1980 to 2003, and the subsequent detailed analysis is presented. Available data and results suggest a statistically significant correlation coefficient between EF and GDP, population density and urbaniTation level. Through analyzing the process of calculating EF and its results, it can be seen that EF, as a macro-indicator, can not exactly indicate whether development within a region can meet the re- quests of sustainable development, which can be explained by the fact that the result of EF is impacted greatly by sub- jective factors including national policy,available technology, population, etc. Nevertheless, EF can demonstrate, at least to some degree, the regional status in terms of resources and energy consumption, as well as developmental potential. The calculation of EF, therefore, deserves further research to achieve more far-reaching significance in application.

Pore scale performance evaluation and impact factors in nitrogen huff-n-puff EOR for tight oil

Nitrogen huff-n-puff(N_(2)HnP) appears to be an economical and high-efficiency enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technique for tight oil reservoirs.There is however a lack of understanding of the pore-level EOR performance of N2HnP under tight reservoir conditions.In this work,a non-magnetic reactor was created and combined with a nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) device for real-time monitoring of oil distribution in the HnP experiment.N_(2)HnP experiments were then performed in a tight sandstone core sample at a temperature of 353 K and an injection pressure≥ 24 MPa.The pore-level oil distribution under reservoir conditions was monitored and the EOR performance of N2HnP in specific pores was analyzed.The pore throat structures of the core sample and the phase behavior of the N_(2)-Oil system were analyzed to elucidate the EOR mechanism of N_(2)HnP.An oil recovery factor of 37.52% can be achieved after four cycles,which proves the EOR potential of N_(2)HnP for tight reservoirs.The highest recoveries after N_(2)HnP are obtained in the large pores,followed by the medium pores,the small pores,and finally the micro pores.Increases in soaking time and injection pressure resulted in slight and pronounced increases in oil recovery,respectively,both of which are mainly reflected in the first cycle.Specifically,increasing the soaking time only slightly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small pores while increasing the injection pressure significantly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small,medium,and large pores simultaneously.However,variations in both injection pressure and soaking time have a negligible effect on the cumulative oil recovery of the micro pores.

Seasonal dynamics and impact factors of urban forest CO2 concentration in Harbin,China

CO2 concentrations in different plant communities （larch, birch, lilac, and grassland） were measured during the growing season in the Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden to study diurnal variation, seasonal and annual dynamics and factors that impact CO2 concentration in different spaces. CO2 concentration in different communities in green lands had an obvious diurnal variation, chronically decreasing, and temperature influenced the lilac area and the grassland. Seasonally, CO2 was lowest in the larch green land （344.03 ±23.03 μmol/mol） and highest in the grassland （360.13 ± 22.43 μmol/mol）. The overall trend in CO2 concentration was autumn 〉 spring 〉 summer; temperature is the main factor controlling variation in CO2 concentrations during the growing season; the CO2 concentration at the larch, birch, lilac, and grassland types of sites was negatively correlated with land surface temperature and air temperature, and the CO2 concentration at the larch and birch sites was positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. Without any obvious annual change law, further study and observation are needed.

Degradation of chlorothalonil by ultrasonic irradiation:Kinetics and impact factors

Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.

Impact Factors of Energy Productivity in China: An Empirical Analysis

This article developed a decomposition model of energy productivity on the basis of the economic growth model. Four factors were considered which may influence China’s energy productivity according to this model: technology improvement, resource allocation structure, industrial structure and institute arrangement. Then, an econometric model was employed to test the four factors empirically on the basis of China’s statistical data from 1978 to 2004. Results indicated that capital deepening con- tributes the most (207%) to energy efficiency improvement, and impact from labor forces (13%) is the weakest one in resource factor; industrial structure (7%) and institute innovation (9.5%) positively improve the energy productivity.

Bromate removal by activated carbon adsorption:material selection and impact factors study

Studies are conducted by using activated carbon process aimed at bromate removal from the raw water.Screening of activated carbon for bromate removal was performed in different activated carbons.GAC Merck possesses the highest iodine number and surface area,the highest number of basic groups and Vmeso,thereby contains the highest adsorption velocity and adsorption capacity.Impact factors of bromate removal on activated carbon were studied.Through static absorption experiments we studied the effect of adsorption time,pH,temperature,anions and organic matter on bromate removal.With the decrease of pH,removal of bromate enhanced,suggests that it may be possible to increase bromate reduction through pH control.The increase of temperature will be favorable to adsorption of bromate on activated carbon.Anions and organic matter can inhibit the adsorption of bromate on activated carbon through competing active sites.Bromate removal can be improved by controlling key water quality parameters.

美国教师评估与退出机制的构建及其启示:基于对IMPACT教师评估系统的剖析

为探索我国教师评估与退出机制的建立与运行,采用文本分析方法对美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区IMPACT评估系统操作指南进行分析,总结IMPACT评估系统的运行体系与特点,为我国教师评估与退出机制提供借鉴。IMPACT评估系统通过覆盖全体的评估对象、专业多元的评估责任主体、丰富具体的评估内容、清晰透明的评估流程以及奖罚分明的评估结果对华盛顿特区公立学校系统教师进行评估,整个系统呈现出评估内容专业化、评估过程公正化、评估结果差异化和评估系统动态化等特点。综观IMPACT评估系统的设计与运行,我国在构建教师评估与退出机制时,应注意在体系建设上强调政府提供制度支持;在评估内容与标准上关注教师能力;在评估责任主体上要兼顾多方利益群体;在系统设计上要因地制宜;最后在系统实施过程中更要注重宽严适度。