Nickel hydroxide was used as the positive electrode material in rechargeable alkaline batteries, which plays a significant role in the field of electric energy storage devices. β-nickel hydroxide（β-Ni（OH）2 ） was...Nickel hydroxide was used as the positive electrode material in rechargeable alkaline batteries, which plays a significant role in the field of electric energy storage devices. β-nickel hydroxide（β-Ni（OH）2 ） was prepared from nickel sulphate solution using potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. Pure β-phase of nickel hydroxide was confirmed from XRD and FT-IR studies. The effects of TiO2 additive on the β-Ni（OH）2 electrode performance are examined. The structure and property of the TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA and SEM analysis. A pasted–type electrode is prepared using nickel hydroxide powder as the main active material on a nickel sheet as a current collector. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies were performed to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the β-Ni（OH）2 and TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrodes in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Anodic（Epa） and cathodic（Epc）peak potentials are found to decrease after the addition of TiO 2 into β-Ni（OH）2 electrode material. Further,addition of TiO2 is found to enhance the reversibility of the electrode reaction and also increase the separation of the oxidation current peak of the active material from the oxygen evolution current. Compared with pure β-Ni（OH）2 lectrode,TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrode is found to exhibit higher proton diffusion coefficient（D） and lower charge transfer resistance. These findings suggest that the TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrode possess improved electrochemical properties and thus can be recognized as a promising candidate for the battery electrode applications.展开更多
xBa_（0.95）Sr_（0.05）TiO_3–（1-x）BiFe_（0.9）Gd_（0.1）O_3[x BST–（1-x）BFGO]（x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25） multiferroic ceramics were prepared by the standard solid-state reaction technique. Structural charac...xBa_（0.95）Sr_（0.05）TiO_3–（1-x）BiFe_（0.9）Gd_（0.1）O_3[x BST–（1-x）BFGO]（x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25） multiferroic ceramics were prepared by the standard solid-state reaction technique. Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction. All the samples showed rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure. Surface morphology of the ceramics was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscope（FESEM）. From the FESEM observation, the grain size was observed to be decreased with increasing BST content. Enhanced magnetic properties were observed in BFGO with the increase in BST content because of large lattice distortion. The complex initial permeability increased with the increasing of BST content. The study of dielectric properties showed that the dielectric constant increased, whereas dielectric loss decreased with increasing of BST content due to the reduction of oxygen vacancies. An analysis of the electric impedance and modulus with frequency was performed at different temperatures. Non-Debye-type relaxation processes occur in the compound which was confirmed from the nature of the Cole–Cole plot. The DC conductivity was found to increase with the rise in temperature which indicates the semiconducting behavior of the compound with characteristics of the negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The activation energy, responsible for the relaxation determined from the modulus spectra（0.246 eV）, was found to be almost same as the value obtained from the impedance study（0.240 eV）, indicating that charge carriers overcome the same energy barrier during relaxation. The frequency response of imaginary parts of electric impedance and modulus suggested that the relaxation in xB ST–（1-x）BFGO ceramics follows the same mechanism at various temperatures.展开更多
The polycrystalline sample of Ba_(2)Mg_(2)Fe_(12)O_(22) was prepared by solid-state reaction technique.Room-temperature X-ray diffraction(XRD)has confirmed the formation of rhombohedral structure.The electrical proper...The polycrystalline sample of Ba_(2)Mg_(2)Fe_(12)O_(22) was prepared by solid-state reaction technique.Room-temperature X-ray diffraction(XRD)has confirmed the formation of rhombohedral structure.The electrical properties of the sample were studied in wide ranges of temperatures and frequencies.The impedance analysis indicates the presence of bulk effect.The bulk resistance of the material decreases with rise in temperature and exhibits NTCR behavior.This compound also exhibits the temperature-dependent non-Debye type of relaxation phenomena.The presence of non-Debye type of relaxation has been confirmed by the complex impedance analysis.The variation of DC conductivity(bulk)with temperature demonstrates that the compound exhibits Arrhenius type of electrical conductivity.The activation energy of the compound is found to be 0.55 eV in high-temperature region.展开更多
文摘Nickel hydroxide was used as the positive electrode material in rechargeable alkaline batteries, which plays a significant role in the field of electric energy storage devices. β-nickel hydroxide（β-Ni（OH）2 ） was prepared from nickel sulphate solution using potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. Pure β-phase of nickel hydroxide was confirmed from XRD and FT-IR studies. The effects of TiO2 additive on the β-Ni（OH）2 electrode performance are examined. The structure and property of the TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA and SEM analysis. A pasted–type electrode is prepared using nickel hydroxide powder as the main active material on a nickel sheet as a current collector. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies were performed to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the β-Ni（OH）2 and TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrodes in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Anodic（Epa） and cathodic（Epc）peak potentials are found to decrease after the addition of TiO 2 into β-Ni（OH）2 electrode material. Further,addition of TiO2 is found to enhance the reversibility of the electrode reaction and also increase the separation of the oxidation current peak of the active material from the oxygen evolution current. Compared with pure β-Ni（OH）2 lectrode,TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrode is found to exhibit higher proton diffusion coefficient（D） and lower charge transfer resistance. These findings suggest that the TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrode possess improved electrochemical properties and thus can be recognized as a promising candidate for the battery electrode applications.
基金financial support for this research. One of the authors M.J. Miah thanks the Ministry of National Science, Information & Communication Technology (NST), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh for providing fellowship
文摘xBa_（0.95）Sr_（0.05）TiO_3–（1-x）BiFe_（0.9）Gd_（0.1）O_3[x BST–（1-x）BFGO]（x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25） multiferroic ceramics were prepared by the standard solid-state reaction technique. Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction. All the samples showed rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure. Surface morphology of the ceramics was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscope（FESEM）. From the FESEM observation, the grain size was observed to be decreased with increasing BST content. Enhanced magnetic properties were observed in BFGO with the increase in BST content because of large lattice distortion. The complex initial permeability increased with the increasing of BST content. The study of dielectric properties showed that the dielectric constant increased, whereas dielectric loss decreased with increasing of BST content due to the reduction of oxygen vacancies. An analysis of the electric impedance and modulus with frequency was performed at different temperatures. Non-Debye-type relaxation processes occur in the compound which was confirmed from the nature of the Cole–Cole plot. The DC conductivity was found to increase with the rise in temperature which indicates the semiconducting behavior of the compound with characteristics of the negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The activation energy, responsible for the relaxation determined from the modulus spectra（0.246 eV）, was found to be almost same as the value obtained from the impedance study（0.240 eV）, indicating that charge carriers overcome the same energy barrier during relaxation. The frequency response of imaginary parts of electric impedance and modulus suggested that the relaxation in xB ST–（1-x）BFGO ceramics follows the same mechanism at various temperatures.
文摘The polycrystalline sample of Ba_(2)Mg_(2)Fe_(12)O_(22) was prepared by solid-state reaction technique.Room-temperature X-ray diffraction(XRD)has confirmed the formation of rhombohedral structure.The electrical properties of the sample were studied in wide ranges of temperatures and frequencies.The impedance analysis indicates the presence of bulk effect.The bulk resistance of the material decreases with rise in temperature and exhibits NTCR behavior.This compound also exhibits the temperature-dependent non-Debye type of relaxation phenomena.The presence of non-Debye type of relaxation has been confirmed by the complex impedance analysis.The variation of DC conductivity(bulk)with temperature demonstrates that the compound exhibits Arrhenius type of electrical conductivity.The activation energy of the compound is found to be 0.55 eV in high-temperature region.
