Upper and Lower Bounds of the α-Universal Triple I Method for Unified Interval Implications

Theα-universal triple I(α-UTI)method is a recognized scheme in the field of fuzzy reasoning,whichwas proposed by our research group previously.The robustness of fuzzy reasoning determines the quality of reasoning algorithms to a large extent,which is quantified by calculating the disparity between the output of fuzzy reasoning with interference and the output without interference.Therefore,in this study,the interval robustness(embodied as the interval stability)of theα-UTI method is explored in the interval-valued fuzzy environment.To begin with,the stability of theα-UTI method is explored for the case of an individual rule,and the upper and lower bounds of its results are estimated,using four kinds of unified interval implications(including the R-interval implication,the S-interval implication,the QL-interval implication and the interval t-norm implication).Through analysis,it is found that theα-UTI method exhibits good interval stability for an individual rule.Moreover,the stability of theα-UTI method is revealed in the case of multiple rules,and the upper and lower bounds of its outcomes are estimated.The results show that theα-UTI method is stable for multiple rules when four kinds of unified interval implications are used,respectively.Lastly,theα-UTI reasoning chain method is presented,which contains a chain structure with multiple layers.The corresponding solutions and their interval perturbations are investigated.It is found that theα-UTI reasoning chain method is stable in the case of chain reasoning.Two application examples in affective computing are given to verify the stability of theα-UTImethod.In summary,through theoretical proof and example verification,it is found that theα-UTImethod has good interval robustness with four kinds of unified interval implications aiming at the situations of an individual rule,multi-rule and reasoning chain.

Depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex of the Dengying Formation in the southwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China: Implications for the Ediacaran microbial mound construction and hydrocarbon exploration

Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.

Discussion on the Implications of Expansion in Postgraduate Education

This paper explores the development of postgraduate education in China,including the overall situation of postgraduate education,the trend in enrollment expansion in professional degrees as well as in various academic fields;it also triggers the impact and discussion about the postgraduate enrollment expansion,such as over-education and credential inflation,as well as the concerns about the quality of education and talent cultivation and so forth.Although the expansion brings various problems,the challenges may also become new opportunities for higher education reform,this paper also provides some suggestions on the expansion of postgraduate education.

Three Dimensions of Cultivating New Generations: Value Implication, Scientific Connotation, and Cultivation Path

The new generation of the times is the latest requirement for young people in the new era,and it is the latest training goal for young people put forward by the Party and the country in the face of the second centennial goal.At the 19th National Congress,it was put forward by the country that the concept of“new generation of the times”for the first time,indicating the training direction and theoretical guidance for the new generation of the times.The new age requires young people to have firm ideals and beliefs,excellent skills,and a great spirit of responsibility.The proposition of cultivating a new generation of the times is a deep exploration and summary of Marx’s theory of“all-round human development,”Lenin’s youth view and the education view of excellent traditional Chinese culture,and the proposition needs to strengthen the leadership of the Party,give play to the leading role of socialist core values,and the youth themselves should actively act to realize the transformation of theoretical and practical results.

省际粮食贸易隐含污染与环境比较优势研究

为协调粮食生产、贸易与面源污染的矛盾,实现绿色农业发展、区域间利益共赢,在测算省际粮食贸易量的基础上,运用灰水足迹方法计算各省隐含氮污染和污染强度,构建了粮食贸易隐含氮污染网络,解析了省际粮食生产隐含氮污染的环境比较优势。结果表明:中国省际粮食贸易网络格局由“条块式”转向“团块式”,贸易集中化趋势明显;省际粮食贸易隐含污染和污染强度呈下降趋势,但地区差异明显加剧了环境不公平;环境比较优势网络表现出“两头小,中间大”的橄榄形分布,环境比较优势最小的地区集中在华北地区,最大为黑龙江。

言语策略、隐含话意、人际礼貌的互动研究——以赞扬和批评为例

赞扬/批评和人际礼貌可以从强度上划分为过度、适度、弱度三个级阶,过度或者弱度取代适度是赞扬/批评和人际礼貌策略的核心路径。人际礼貌策略是言语策略调整的重要推手。言语策略致使的隐含话意是策略社会交往的应景产品。隐含话意、言语策略和人际礼貌策略立体互动,共同成就了策略社会交往。

中国出口贸易隐含碳的趋势预测及结构转移研究

基于特征选择的Lasso方法分别确定影响中国出口贸易隐含碳排放(CO_(2))总量和强度的核心指标,并由此构建BO-BiLSTM模型对总量变动和强度演进的趋势展开预测,同时采用Markov链进一步探讨中国出口贸易隐含碳排放的结构转移现象。结果表明:(1) 2021—2035年间中国出口贸易隐含碳排放总量呈现阶梯式减少的趋向,预计2030年达到1.98 Gt,在2035年降为1.83 Gt,出口贸易规模扩大和国际经贸形势改善是关键影响因素。(2) 2021—2035年间中国出口贸易隐含碳排放强度保持稳中有降的态势,预计2030年减至0.91 t/万元,相较于2005年减少67%,出口贸易结构变迁和环境规制强度提高是重要驱动因素。(3) 2021—2035年间中国出口贸易隐含碳排放结构仍偏重知识密集型制造业,其存在较大减排潜力,而资本密集型服务业和资本密集型制造业具有减排周期较长的特点。

绿色创新如何影响隐含权益久期?——来自工业企业的证据

基于2008—2019年中国A股上市工业企业数据,运用多元线性回归模型探讨绿色创新对隐含权益久期的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:绿色创新的实施增加了企业的隐含权益久期。机制分析表明,绿色创新在短期内抑制企业的增长,长期内则提高了企业的成长潜力,因此实施绿色创新的企业的现金流将较少集中在近期。此外,国有企业可以更快突破绿色创新短期内的抑制作用,从而减小绿色创新对隐含权益久期的影响。鉴于此,决策部门应充分关注绿色创新的双重外部性,明晰其长短期经济效益差异,助力企业绿色创新。

中国产业部门隐含碳生产率的驱动因素分解——基于LMDI-PDA模型的实证分析

提升隐含碳生产率是产业部门碳减排的关键。基于2002—2020投入产出数据与能源碳排放数据建立隐含碳生产率指标,利用LMDI-PDA综合分解法,系统梳理各效应、各细分产业部门对产业部门整体隐含碳生产率变动的影响。研究结论为:直接排放率效应对28个产业部门中的大部分产业部门的隐含碳生产率提升起到阻碍作用,排放能效效应以及能源资本替代效应则主要起积极作用;隐含碳生产率效应普遍推动三次产业隐含碳生产率上升,排放结构效应则阻碍第二产业与第三产业隐含碳生产率的增长,负向效应分别为-0.0166万元/吨、-0.0190万元/吨;对产业部门整体隐含碳生产率增长贡献最大的两个产业部门是其他服务业和建筑业。研究结论为加速推进产业低碳变革提供了理论与数据支撑。

考虑CBAM的中国外贸钢铁碳减排前景分析——基于隐含碳强度预测

欧盟碳边境调节机制(CBAM)正逐步实施,其高额碳关税无疑会加速中国出口钢铁行业碳减排进程,而与此同时,中国为实现“双碳”目标也出台了一系列减碳政策。为探究中国出口钢铁行业在复杂政策下的减排前景与关键因素,使用MRIO方法对隐含碳排放进行计算,构建了基于AO-ELM方法的隐含碳排放强度预测体系,模拟了不同政策情景下该行业的碳排放前景。研究发现,CBAM对该行业碳减排具有推动作用,但作用程度有限,提高中国国内政策的落实速度是更有效的途径;在同时考虑CBAM与国内政策如期落地的情景下,2034年该行业较基准情景可以降低8.35%的隐含碳排放。

中国农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放测算及异质性分析——来自“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)的证据

采用环境拓展投入产出法测算了2007—2021年中国对“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)农产品出口贸易的隐含碳排放,进而运用LMDI模型探究贸易规模因素、出口结构因素和农业技术因素对隐含碳排放变动的贡献值与贡献率,从农产品部门和贸易区域两个层面对隐含碳排放变动的驱动因素进行异质性分析。研究发现:第一,2007—2021年中国对“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)的出口贸易隐含碳排放整体呈上升趋势,农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放年均增长率超过农产品出口贸易额年均增长率2.75%,隐含碳排放效率下降。第二,农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放存在明显的部门差异,因不合理的出口结构,农业、食品制造业和食品加工业等中高度碳排放密集型部门对隐含碳排放总量变动的贡献值占比较大,而林业、畜牧业等低度碳排放密集型部门的这一占比较小。第三,农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放存在明显的区域差异,对东南亚国家(地区)出口农产品产生的隐含碳排放占总碳排放的60%以上,贸易规模因素和农业技术因素是造成区域差异的主导因素。上述发现揭示了中国农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放变动的原因,为优化农产品出口结构、调整农产品出口贸易策略及碳排放双控制度的实施提供了新的思路与经验证据。

基于EIO-LCA模型的江西省产业部门的隐含碳排放及碳减排潜力分析

低碳经济发展是实现可持续发展的重要途径之一。采用经济投入产出生命周期评估模型(EIO-LCA),运用42部门投入产出表及国际认可的IPCC法测算出江西省各产业部门直接碳排放量以及隐含碳排放量,并在此基础上构建碳减排潜力模型,来揭示因产业部门结构变动而引起的碳减排效应。研究结果表明:按产业部门分析,基础性工业部门的直接碳排放量都相对较高,其中位列前三的部门分别为电力、热力的生产和供应业、石油、炼焦产品和核燃料加工业与金属冶炼和压延加工品业;按整体产业结构分析,江西省直接碳排放量、隐含碳排放量和碳减排潜力较大的部门集中在重工业和能源产业。未来,江西省应当针对不同产业部门的特点实施差异化减排政策,同时优化产业结构,实现产业良性互动。

期权隐含尾部风险信息的系统性风险预警功能研究

系统性风险预警是防范化解系统性风险的重要举措。期权市场隐含着大量有价值且具前瞻性的信息。本文从上证50ETF期权价格中提取隐含尾部风险信息,检验期权隐含尾部风险信息的系统性风险预警功能。实证结果表明,期权隐含尾部风险信息对我国系统性风险具有显著的预测能力,在控制其他风险预警指标后,结果仍然显著。期权隐含尾部风险信息对不同部门系统性风险的预测能力存在差异,对股票市场风险和债券市场的预测效果最好。将期权隐含尾部风险信息加入传统风险预警指标体系后,能够大幅提升预警指标的预警效果,降低噪声信号比。

基于隐含空间模型降维和LDA模型的学科主题识别研究

【目的/意义】现有学科研究主题的梳理多为领域专家的定性分析和学科学者的文献梳理,一定程度会由于研究思维的局限性和获取知识的片面性造成学科研究主题误判,为有效避免漏判误判现象的发生,提出识别模型。【方法/过程】首先,运用传统LDA模型分析主题特征词;其次,结合上下文语义信息进行中文分词,形成学科主题词库;最后,结合隐含位置聚类算法发现潜在社区,提高主题识别效果。【结果/结论】提出的方法一定程度上优化了主题挖掘算法在识别短文本主题的效果,消除主观意愿。由计算机自行分类并实现科学研究前沿主题的预测,揭示前沿领域的研究热点,为致力于研究前沿学科的新兴学者提供参考价值。

An Update Method of Decision Implication Canonical Basis on Attribute Granulating

Decision implication is a form of decision knowledge represen-tation,which is able to avoid generating attribute implications that occur between condition attributes and between decision attributes.Compared with other forms of decision knowledge representation,decision implication has a stronger knowledge representation capability.Attribute granularization may facilitate the knowledge extraction of different attribute granularity layers and thus is of application significance.Decision implication canonical basis(DICB)is the most compact set of decision implications,which can efficiently represent all knowledge in the decision context.In order to mine all deci-sion information on decision context under attribute granulating,this paper proposes an updated method of DICB.To this end,the paper reduces the update of DICB to the updates of decision premises after deleting an attribute and after adding granulation attributes of some attributes.Based on this,the paper analyzes the changes of decision premises,examines the properties of decision premises,designs an algorithm for incrementally generating DICB,and verifies its effectiveness through experiments.In real life,by using the updated algorithm of DICB,users may obtain all decision knowledge on decision context after attribute granularization.

完全隐含能源与碳强度研究进展综述

节能减排是应对全球气候变暖的重要举措。由于不同国家和地区的经济发展水平存在明显差异,近年来能源与碳强度成为度量节能减排绩效的重要指标,受到了社会各界的广泛关注。在生产端强度控制的基础上,如何从根源上在消费端降低完全隐含能源与碳强度的研究越来越受到重视。针对消费端完全隐含能源与碳强度的研究特征与发展趋势展开综述,结果发现:(1)主要呈现出国家层面研究为主、全球层面研究显著增加、省市层面研究开始出现的特征,且国家或省市层面主要聚焦于中国;(2)相比完全隐含能源强度,现有文献更为关注完全隐含碳强度;(3)研究由不区分终端消费向细分各终端消费发展,隐含在出口中的完全隐含碳强度受到了重点讨论;(4)部分研究侧重于局部,比如深度参与到全球生产网络的部分经济部门或能源消费与碳排放在生产网络中传输的关键层级;(5)进行完全隐含碳强度变动的驱动因素的研究主要基于乘性结构分解分析模型,从时间轴和空间轴展开剖析。现有研究框架未来可以扩展到能源环境相关领域的其他指标。

黄河流域城市群碳足迹及隐含碳转移研究

选择黄河流域5个国家级城市群合计71个城市构建了2017年环境扩展的MRIO模型,评估了包括化石能源燃烧､煤炭开采逃逸､农业非能源排放等3个来源的碳足迹,分析了城市群之间以及城市群内部城市､部门之间的隐含碳转移.结果表明:5个城市群碳足迹总计约2478.34Mt,其中化石能源燃烧贡献了86.42%,是碳足迹的主要来源,煤炭开采逃逸和农业非能源排放亦不容忽视,分别贡献了10.09%和3.49%.煤炭开采和洗选业､金属冶炼和压延加工业､电力热力的生产和供应业是碳足迹的重点部门,生产和消费两个视角下合计分别占总碳足迹的62.67%和36.77%.金属冶炼和压延加工业､电力热力的生产和供应业是隐含碳输出的关键部门,输出量合计占城市群内隐含碳转移量的51.43%,批发零售和住宿餐饮业是输入的关键部门,占比为26.79%,金属冶炼和压延加工业→批发零售和住宿餐饮业是隐含碳主要转移路径.碳足迹和隐含碳转出的重点城市多为资源消耗型､重化工产业占比较高的城市,如鄂尔多斯､滨州等.隐含碳转入的重点城市为维持自身发展需要消耗大量其他城市的产品,如青岛､呼和浩特等.碳足迹主要集中在“几”字弯都市圈､山东半岛和中原城市群,三者碳足迹合计占比在生产和消费视角下分别达到了85.89%和85.02%,“几”字弯都市圈是隐含碳输出最大的城市群,输出量约占城市群间转移量的40.68%,中原城市群是隐含碳输入最多的城市群,输入量约占42.24%.研究结果可为制定和完善黄河流域城市群控碳政策和降碳措施提供更充分合理的依据.

On Boolean elements and derivations in 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebras

A 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebra(2DL-LIA)can build a bridge between logical algebra and 2-dimension fuzzy linguistic information.In this paper,the notion of a Boolean element is proposed in a 2DL-LIA and some properties of Boolean elements are discussed.Then derivations on 2DL-LIAs are introduced and the related properties of derivations are investigated.Moreover,it proves that the derivations on 2DL-LIAs can be constructed by Boolean elements.

Association between Support and Satisfaction with Life among Older Adults in Ekiti, Nigeria: Findings and Implications

Many developing countries like Nigeria lack policy for the care of the older adults and this creates major challenges for the elderly population. The traditional family institution and community support that used to be safety nest are being adversely affected by westernization. This development might have adverse effect on life satisfaction among the older adults. This hospital based cross-sectional study was designed to determine the association between support and life satisfaction among older adults. A total of 128 subjects participated in the study out of which 28.9% were satisfied with life. Expectation of support was mainly from the family, less from the community and very low from the government. The level of support received from all sources generally fell short of expectations. Marital status and source of livelihood were significantly associated with life satisfaction. There is inadequate social support from the government and support from family and community fell below expectations. Expectations of support were the most strongly correlated with life satisfaction. Support for older adults must be addressed in order to meet their expectations and improve their level of satisfaction with life.

Exploring the Implications of Patient Advocacy Outcomes among Practicing Nurses within the Hospital Context: A Qualitative Research

Background: Nurses are expected by their international code of ethics to advocate for patients to enhance safety and quality care. However, there is a limited understanding regarding the implications of specific patient advocacy outcomes experienced by nurses who advocate for patients in the hospital context. Purpose: This study explored the implications of patient advocacy outcomes experienced among practicing nurses in the hospital context. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive study design was utilized. Data was collected through purposive sampling and an in-depth semi-structured interview of 25 Registered Nurses in an acute care hospital. An inductive qualitative content analysis method was used, and the SRQR guidelines for reporting qualitative studies were followed. Results: This study revealed that nurses who succeeded in advocating for patients experienced feelings of happiness, increased confidence levels, increased work output, and job satisfaction. However, nurses who failed to succeed in advocating for patients experienced physical, emotional, and psychological consequences, which contributed negatively to the quality of patient care. Therapeutic communication and nurses’ commitment to intervene for patients emerged as vital qualities and skills required to succeed in the patient advocacy process. Conclusions: This study showed that patient advocacy has advantages. However, when nurses fail to succeed in their attempt to advocate for patients in clinical practice, the outcomes can negatively affect their own well-being and the quality of patient care delivery. These study results could promote awareness and help nurses to develop strategies for improving patient advocacy activities based on their experiences. Additionally, nurses can seek help, including psychological counseling, when necessary to enhance their optimal well-being as they care for their patients. Nursing educational institutions and hospital managers can support, train, and equip nurses with the required skills for enhancing positive advocacy outcomes. .