A Double-Interactively Recurrent Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller Model Combined with an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Fall Detection

In many Eastern and Western countries,falling birth rates have led to the gradual aging of society.Older adults are often left alone at home or live in a long-term care center,which results in them being susceptible to unsafe events(such as falls)that can have disastrous consequences.However,automatically detecting falls fromvideo data is challenging,and automatic fall detection methods usually require large volumes of training data,which can be difficult to acquire.To address this problem,video kinematic data can be used as training data,thereby avoiding the requirement of creating a large fall data set.This study integrated an improved particle swarm optimization method into a double interactively recurrent fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller model to develop a costeffective and accurate fall detection system.First,it obtained an optical flow(OF)trajectory diagram from image sequences by using the OF method,and it solved problems related to focal length and object offset by employing the discrete Fourier transform(DFT)algorithm.Second,this study developed the D-IRFCMAC model,which combines spatial and temporal(recurrent)information.Third,it designed an IPSO(Improved Particle Swarm Optimization)algorithm that effectively strengthens the exploratory capabilities of the proposed D-IRFCMAC(Double-Interactively Recurrent Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller)model in the global search space.The proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of action recognition accuracy on the UR-Fall,UP-Fall,and PRECIS HAR data sets.The UCF11 dataset had an average accuracy of 93.13%,whereas the UCF101 dataset had an average accuracy of 92.19%.The UR-Fall dataset had an accuracy of 100%,the UP-Fall dataset had an accuracy of 99.25%,and the PRECIS HAR dataset had an accuracy of 99.07%.

Angular insensitive nonreciprocal ultrawide band absorption in plasma-embedded photonic crystals designed with improved particle swarm optimization algorithm

Using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm(IPSO)to drive a transfer matrix method,a nonreciprocal absorber with an ultrawide absorption bandwidth and angular insensitivity is realized in plasma-embedded photonic crystals arranged in a structure composed of periodic and quasi-periodic sequences on a normalized scale.The effective dielectric function,which determines the absorption of the plasma,is subject to the basic parameters of the plasma,causing the absorption of the proposed absorber to be easily modulated by these parameters.Compared with other quasi-periodic sequences,the Octonacci sequence is superior both in relative bandwidth and absolute bandwidth.Under further optimization using IPSO with 14 parameters set to be optimized,the absorption characteristics of the proposed structure with different numbers of layers of the smallest structure unit N are shown and discussed.IPSO is also used to address angular insensitive nonreciprocal ultrawide bandwidth absorption,and the optimized result shows excellent unidirectional absorbability and angular insensitivity of the proposed structure.The impacts of the sequence number of quasi-periodic sequence M and collision frequency of plasma1ν1 to absorption in the angle domain and frequency domain are investigated.Additionally,the impedance match theory and the interference field theory are introduced to express the findings of the algorithm.

Research on Reactive Power Optimization of Offshore Wind Farms Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

The lack of reactive power in offshore wind farms will affect the voltage stability and power transmission quality of wind farms.To improve the voltage stability and reactive power economy of wind farms,the improved particle swarmoptimization is used to optimize the reactive power planning in wind farms.First,the power flow of offshore wind farms is modeled,analyzed and calculated.To improve the global search ability and local optimization ability of particle swarm optimization,the improved particle swarm optimization adopts the adaptive inertia weight and asynchronous learning factor.Taking the minimum active power loss of the offshore wind farms as the objective function,the installation location of the reactive power compensation device is compared according to the node voltage amplitude and the actual engineering needs.Finally,a reactive power optimizationmodel based on Static Var Compensator is established inMATLAB to consider the optimal compensation capacity,network loss,convergence speed and voltage amplitude enhancement effect of SVC.Comparing the compensation methods in several different locations,the compensation scheme with the best reactive power optimization effect is determined.Meanwhile,the optimization results of the standard particle swarm optimization and the improved particle swarm optimization are compared to verify the superiority of the proposed improved algorithm.

Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Solving Transient Nonlinear Inverse Heat Conduction Problem in Complex Structure

Accurately solving transient nonlinear inverse heat conduction problems in complex structures is of great importance to provide key parameters for modeling coupled heat transfer process and the structure’s optimization design.The finite element method in ABAQUS is employed to solve the direct transient nonlinear heat conduction problem.Improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)method is developed and used to solve the transient nonlinear inverse problem.To investigate the inverse performances,some numerical tests are provided.Boundary conditions at inaccessible surfaces of a scramjet combustor with the regenerative cooling system are inversely identified.The results show that the new methodology can accurately and efficiently determine the boundary conditions in the scramjet combustor with the regenerative cooling system.By solving the transient nonlinear inverse problem,the improved particle swarm optimization for solving the transient nonlinear inverse heat conduction problem in a complex structure is verified.

Short-term Load Prediction of Integrated Energy System with Wavelet Neural Network Model Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization and Chaos Optimization Algorithm

To improve energy efficiency and protect the environment,the integrated energy system(IES)becomes a significant direction of energy structure adjustment.This paper innovatively proposes a wavelet neural network(WNN)model optimized by the improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)and chaos optimization algorithm(COA)for short-term load prediction of IES.The proposed model overcomes the disadvantages of the slow convergence and the tendency to fall into the local optimum in traditional WNN models.First,the Pearson correlation coefficient is employed to select the key influencing factors of load prediction.Then,the traditional particle swarm optimization(PSO)is improved by the dynamic particle inertia weight.To jump out of the local optimum,the COA is employed to search for individual optimal particles in IPSO.In the iteration,the parameters of WNN are continually optimized by IPSO-COA.Meanwhile,the feedback link is added to the proposed model,where the output error is adopted to modify the prediction results.Finally,the proposed model is employed for load prediction.The experimental simulation verifies that the proposed model significantly improves the prediction accuracy and operation efficiency compared with the artificial neural network(ANN),WNN,and PSO-WNN.

Using improved particle swarm optimization to tune PID controllers in cooperative collision avoidance systems

The introduction ofproportional-integral-dorivative （PID） controllers into cooperative collision avoidance systems （CCASs） has been hindered by difficulties in their optimization and by a lack of study of their effects on vehicle driving stability, comfort, and fuel economy. In this paper, we propose a method to optimize PID controllers using an improved particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm, and to bettor manipulate cooperative collision avoidance with other vehicles. First, we use PRESCAN and MATLAB/Simulink to conduct a united simulation, which constructs a CCAS composed of a PID controller, maneuver strategy judging modules, and a path planning module. Then we apply the improved PSO algorithm to optimize the PID controller based on the dynamic vehicle data obtained. Finally, we perform a simulation test of performance before and after the optimization of the PID controller, in which vehicles equipped with a CCAS undertake deceleration driving and steering under the two states of low speed （≤50 km/h） and high speed （≥100 km/h） cruising. The results show that the PID controller optimized using the proposed method can achieve not only the basic functions of a CCAS, but also improvements in vehicle dynamic stability, riding comfort, and fuel economy.

Voltage Security Operation Region Calculation Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization and Recursive Least Square Hybrid Algorithm

Large-scale voltage collapse incidences, which result in power outages over large regions and extensive economic losses, are presently common occurrences worldwide. To avoid voltage collapse and operate more safely and reliably, it is necessary to analyze the voltage security operation region(VSOR) of power systems, which has become a topic of increasing interest lately. In this paper, a novel improved particle swarm optimization and recursive least square(IPSO-RLS) hybrid algorithm is proposed to determine the VSOR of a power system. Also, stability analysis on the proposed algorithm is carried out by analyzing the errors and convergence accuracy of the obtained results. Firstly, the voltage stability and VSOR-surface of a power system are analyzed in this paper. Secondly, the two algorithms,namely IPSO and RLS algorithms, are studied individually.Based on this understanding, a novel IPSO-RLS hybrid algorithm is proposed to optimize the active and reactive power,and the voltage allowed to identify the VSOR-surface accurately. Finally, the proposed algorithm is validated by using a simulation case study on three wind farm regions of actual Hami Power Grid of China in DIg SILENT/Power Factory software.The error and accuracy of the obtained simulation results are analyzed and compared with those of the particle swarm optimization(PSO), IPSO and IPSO-RLS hybrid algorithms.

System Identification Method for Small Unmanned Helicopter Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper proposes a novel method for Small Unmanned Helicopter （SUH） system identification based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization （IPSO）. In the proposed IPSO, every particle will do a local search as a ＂self-check＂ before up- dating the global velocity and position. Then, the global best particle is created by a certain number of elitist particles in order to get a rapid rate of convergence during calculation. Thus both the diversity and convergence speed can be taken into considera- tion during a search. Formulated by the first principles derivation, a state-space model is built for the analysis of dynamic modes of an experimental SUH. The helicopter is equipped with an Attitude Heading Reference System （AHRS） and the corresponding data storage modules, which are used for flight test data measurement and recording. After data collection and reconstruction, the input and output data are utilized to determine the corresponding aerodynamic parameters of the state-space model. The predictive accuracy and fidelity of the identified model are verified by making a time-domain comparison between the responses from the simulation model and the responses from actual flight experiments. The results show that the characteristics of the experimental SUH can be determined accurately using the identified model and the new method can be used for SUH system identification with high efficiency and reliability.

Multi-path routing algorithm in WSN using an improvedparticle swarm optimization

To slove the problems of constrained energy and unbalanced load of wireless sensor network(WSN)nodes,a multipath load balancing routing algorithm based on neighborhood subspace cooperation is proposed.The algorithm adopts the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,takes the shortest distance and minimum energy consumption as optimization target and divides the nodes in one-hop neighborhood near the base station area into different regions.Furthermore,the algorithm designs a fitness function to find the best node in each region as a relay node and forward the data in parallel through the different paths of the relay nodes.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption and average end-to-end delay,balance network load and prolong network lifetime effectively.

Research on the Optimization Approach for Cargo Oil Tank Design Based on the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Based on the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm,an optimization approach for the cargo oil tank design(COTD) is presented in this paper.The purpose is to design an optimal overall dimension of the cargo oil tank(COT) under various kinds of constraints in the preliminary design stage.A non-linear programming model is built to simulate the optimization design,in which the requirements and rules for COTD are used as the constraints.Considering the distance between the inner shell and hull,a fuzzy constraint is used to express the feasibility degree of the double-hull configuration.In terms of the characteristic of COTD,the PSO algorithm is improved to solve this problem.A bivariate extremum strategy is presented to deal with the fuzzy constraint,by which the maximum and minimum cargo capacities are obtained simultaneously.Finally,the simulation demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Solving Job-Shop Scheduling Problem Based on Improved Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

An improved adaptive particle swarm optimization(IAPSO)algorithm is presented for solving the minimum makespan problem of job shop scheduling problem(JSP).Inspired by hormone modulation mechanism,an adaptive hormonal factor(HF),composed of an adaptive local hormonal factor(H l)and an adaptive global hormonal factor(H g),is devised to strengthen the information connection between particles.Using HF,each particle of the swarm can adjust its position self-adaptively to avoid premature phenomena and reach better solution.The computational results validate the effectiveness and stability of the proposed IAPSO,which can not only find optimal or close-to-optimal solutions but also obtain both better and more stability results than the existing particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms.

Multi-target Collaborative Combat Decision-Making by Improved Particle Swarm Optimizer

A decision-making problem of missile-target assignment with a novel particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed when it comes to a multiple target collaborative combat situation.The threat function is established to describe air combat situation.Optimization function is used to find an optimal missile-target assignment.An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to figure out the optimization function with less parameters,which is based on the adaptive random learning approach.According to the coordinated attack tactics,there are some adjustments to the assignment.Simulation example results show that it is an effective algorithm to handle with the decision-making problem of the missile-target assignment(MTA)in air combat.

Hybrid particle swarm optimization for multiobjective resource allocation

Resource allocation （RA） is the problem of allocating resources among various artifacts or business units to meet one or more expected goals, such a.s maximizing the profits, minimizing the costs, or achieving the best qualities. A complex multiobjective RA is addressed, and a multiobjective mathematical model is used to find solutions efficiently. Then, all improved particie swarm algorithm （mO_PSO） is proposed combined with a new particle diversity controller policies and dissipation operation. Meanwhile, a modified Pareto methods used in PSO to deal with multiobjectives optimization is presented. The effectiveness of the provided algorithm is validated by its application to some illustrative example dealing with multiobjective RA problems and with the comparative experiment with other algorithm.

Multi objective optimization method for collision safety of networked vehicles based on improved particle optimization

The crashworthiness and energy absorption optimization of automobile structure is an importantresearch content of the modern automobile industry. Facing the problem that traditionaloptimization methods are difficult to find the optimal solution for multi-objective parametersof vehicle structure crashworthiness problem, a multi-objective optimization method of vehiclecrash safety based on improved particle swarm optimization is proposed. Through the collectionand optimization of vehicle collision safety parameters, the vehicle structure performance isimproved, and the vehicle regression model is constructed. Using this method, the front-endstructure reinforcement of the vehicle is taken as the design variable. In order to realize themulti-objective optimization design method of vehicle collision safety, the multi-objective optimizationparameters of vehicle frontal collision and offset collision are taken as the objectivefunction. Finally, the simulation results show that the multi-objective optimization method basedon an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm has an obvious effect on the optimizationof vehicle structure crash safety.

Study of a New Improved PSO-BP Neural Network Algorithm

In order to overcome shortcomings of traditional BP neural network,such as low study efficiency, slow convergence speed,easily trapped into local optimal solution,we proposed an improved BP neural network model based on adaptive particle swarm optimization( PSO) algorithm. This algorithm adjusted the inertia weight coefficients and learning factors adaptively and therefore could be used to optimize the weights in the BP network. After establishing the improved PSO-BP( IPSO-BP) model,it was applied to solve fault diagnosis of rolling bearing. Wavelet denoising was selected to reduce the noise of the original vibration signals,and based on these vibration signals a wide set of features were used as the inputs in the neural network models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing with the traditional BP,PSO-BP and linear PSO-BP( LPSO-BP) algorithms. The experimental results show that IPSO-BP network outperforms other algorithms with faster convergence speed,lower errors,higher diagnostic accuracy and learning ability.

Prediction Model for Gas Outburst Intensity of Coal Mining Face Based on Improved PSO and LSSVM

For the problems of nonlinearity,uncertainty and low prediction accuracy in the gas outburst prediction of coal mining face,the least squares support vector machine(LSSVM)is proposed to establish the prediction model.Firstly,considering the inertia coefficients as global parameters lacks the ability to improve the solution for the traditional particle swarm optimization(PSO),an improved PSO(IPSO)algorithm is introduced to adjust different inertia weights in updating the particle swarm and solve the fitness to stagnate.Secondly,the penalty factor and kernel function parameter of LSSVM are searched automatically,and the regression accuracy and generalization performance is enhanced by applying IPSO.Finally,to verify the proposed prediction model,the model is applied for gas outburst prediction of Jiuli Hill coal mine in Jiaozuo City,and the results are compared with that of PSO-SVM model,IGA-LSSVM model and BP model.The results show that the relative errors of the proposed model are not greater than 2.7%,and the prediction accuracy is higher than other three prediction models.The IPSO-LSSVM model can be used to predict the intensity of gas outburst of coal mining face effectively.

Study on site selection planning of urban electric vehicle charging station

The large-scale development of electric vehicles(EVs)requires numerous charging stations to serve them,and the charging stations should be reasonably laid out and planned according to the charging demand of electric vehicles.Considering the costs of both operators and users,a site selection model for optimal layout planning of charging stations is constructed,and a queuing theory approach is used to determine the charging pile configuration to meet the charging demand in the planning area.To solve the difficulties of particle swarm global optimization search,the improved random drift particle swarm optimization(IRDPSO)and Voronoi diagram are used to jointly solve for the optimal layout of electric vehicles.The final arithmetic analysis verifies the feasibility and practicality of the model and algorithm,and the results show that the total social cost is minimized when the charging station is 9,the location of the charging station is close to the center of gravity and the layout is reasonable.

A Novel Tuning Method for Predictive Control of VAV Air Conditioning System Based on Machine Learning and Improved PSO

The variable air volume(VAV)air conditioning system is with strong coupling and large time delay,for which model predictive control(MPC)is normally used to pursue performance improvement.Aiming at the difficulty of the parameter selection of VAV MPC controller which is difficult to make the system have a desired response,a novel tuning method based on machine learning and improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)is proposed.In this method,the relationship between MPC controller parameters and time domain performance indices is established via machine learning.Then the PSO is used to optimize MPC controller parameters to get better performance in terms of time domain indices.In addition,the PSO algorithm is further modified under the principle of population attenuation and event triggering to tune parameters of MPC and reduce the computation time of tuning method.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via a hardware-in-the-loop VAV system.

Novel intelligent reasoning system for tool wear prediction and parameter optimization in intelligent milling

Accurate intelligent reasoning systems are vital for intelligent manufacturing.In this study,a new intelligent reasoning system was developed for milling processes to accurately predict tool wear and dynamically optimize machining parameters.The developed system consists of a self-learning algorithm with an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)learning algorithm,prediction model determined by an improved case-based reasoning(ICBR)method,and optimization model containing an improved adaptive neural fuzzy inference system(IANFIS)and IPSO.Experimental results showed that the IPSO algorithm exhibited the best global convergence performance.The ICBR method was observed to have a better performance in predicting tool wear than standard CBR methods.The IANFIS model,in combination with IPSO,enabled the optimization of multiple objectives,thus generating optimal milling parameters.This paper offers a practical approach to developing accurate intelligent reasoning systems for sustainable and intelligent manufacturing.

Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generations for Power Losses Minimization Using PSO-Based Deep Learning Techniques

The integration of distributed generations (DGs) into distribution systems (DSs) is increasingly becoming a solution for compensating for isolated local energy systems (ILESs). Additionally, distributed generations are used for self-consumption with excess energy injected into centralized grids (CGs). However, the improper sizing of renewable energy systems (RESs) exposes the entire system to power losses. This work presents an optimization of a system consisting of distributed generations. Firstly, PSO algorithms evaluate the size of the entire system on the IEEE bus 14 test standard. Secondly, the size of the system is allocated using improved Particles Swarm Optimization (IPSO). The convergence speed of the objective function enables a conjecture to be made about the robustness of the proposed system. The power and voltage profile on the IEEE 14-bus standard displays a decrease in power losses and an appropriate response to energy demands (EDs), validating the proposed method.