Sliding-mode observers for systems with unknown inputs and measurement disturbances

The method to design sliding-mode observers for systems with unknown inputs and measurement disturbances is presented in the paper. An augmented system is constructed by viewing the measurement disturbances as unknow inputs. For such an augmented system, the so-called observer matching condition is not satisfied. Based on the construction of auxiliary outputs, the observer matching condition may be satisfied. High-order sliding-mode differentiators are developed to obtain the estimates of those unmeasurable variables contained in the auxiliary output vector. Employing the estimate of auxiliary output vector, a sliding-mode observer is designed. The simulation results to a real model show that the proposed method is effective.

Improved Rotor Flux Observer for Sensorless Control of PMSM with Adaptive Harmonic Elimination and Phase Compensation

In this paper,a sensorless control strategy of a permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM)based on an improved rotor flux observer(IFO)is proposed.Due to the unknown integral initial value and the high harmonics caused by current sampling and inverter nonlinearities,the flux linkage estimated by traditional rotor flux observer may be inaccurate.In order to address these issues,a self-adaptive band-pass filter(SABPF)is designed to eliminate the DC component and high-frequency harmonics of the estimated equivalent rotor flux linkage.Furthermore,in order to avoid that the design of PI parameter is influenced by the amplitude of equivalent rotor flux linkage,an improved phase-locked loop(IPLL)is employed to obtain the rotor speed and to normalize the estimated equivalent rotor flux linkage.In addition,angle shift caused by an SABPF is compensated to improve the accuracy of the estimated flux linkage angle.Besides,the parameter robustness of this method is analyzed in detail.Finally,simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and parameter robustness of the proposed method.

Sliding Mode Control Approach with Integrated Disturbance Observer for PMSM Speed System

The research on high-performance vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)drive system plays an extremely important role in electrical drive system.To further improve the speed control performance of the system,a fast non-singular end sliding mode(FNTSM)surface function based on traditional NTSM control is developed.The theoretical analysis proves that the FNTSM surface function has a faster dynamic response and more finite-time convergence.In addition,for the self-vibration problem caused by high sliding mode switching gain,an FNTSM control method with anti-disturbance capability was designed based on the linear disturbance observer(DO),i.e.the FNTSMDO method was employed to devise the PMSM speed regulator.The comparative simulation and experiment results with traditional PI control and NTSM control methods indicate that the FNTSMDO method could improve the dynamic performance and anti-interference of the system.

Improved algorithms to plan missions for agile earth observation satellites

This study concentrates of the new generation of the agile （AEOS）. AEOS is a key study object on management problems earth observation satellite in many countries because of its many advantages over non-agile satellites. Hence, the mission planning and scheduling of AEOS is a popular research problem. This research investigates AEOS characteristics and establishes a mission planning model based on the working principle and constraints of AEOS as per analysis. To solve the scheduling issue of AEOS, several improved algorithms are developed. Simulation results suggest that these algorithms are effective.

PMSM speed control using adaptive sliding mode control based on an extended state observer

In this study,a composite strategy based on sliding-mode control( SMC) is employed in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor vector control system to improve the system robustness performance against parameter variations and load disturbances. To handle the intrinsic chattering of SMC,an adaptive law and an extended state observer( ESO) are utilized in the speed SMC controller design. The adaptive law is used to estimate the internal parameter variations and compensate for the disturbances caused by model uncertainty. In addition,the ESO is introduced to estimate the load disturbance in real time. The estimated value is used as a feed-forward compensator for the speed adaptive sliding-mode controller to further increase the system's ability to resist disturbances. The proposed composite method,which combines adaptive SMC( ASMC) and ESO,is compared with PI control and ASMC. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method alleviates the chattering of SMC systems and improves the dynamic response and robustness of the speed control system against disturbances.

Adaptive Sliding-Mode Disturbance Observer-Based Nonlinear Control for Unmanned Dual-Arm Aerial Manipulator Subject to State Constraints

The unmanned dual-arm aerial manipulator system is composed of a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and two manipulators.Compared to a single manipulator,dual-arm always provides greater°exibility and versatility in both goods delivery and complex task execution.However,the practical application of the system is limited due to nonlinearities and complex dynamic coupling behavior between the multirotor and the manipulator,as well as the one between the inner and outer loop of the multirotor.In this paper,a holistic model of the dual-arm aerial manipulator system is¯rst derived with complete model information.Subsequently,an adaptive sliding-mode disturbance observer(ASMDO)is proposed to handle external disturbances and unmeasurable disturbances caught by unmeasurable angular velocity and acceleration of the manipulators.Moreover,for safety concerns and transient performance requirements,the state constraints should be guaranteed.To this end,an auxiliary term composed of constrained variable signals is introduced.Then,the performance of the designed method is proven by rigorous analysis.Finally,the proposed method is validated through two sets of simulation tests.

垃圾渗滤液污水处理设备的臭氧投加复合抗扰控制

垃圾渗滤液污水处理设备中的臭氧投加系统具有大时滞、大惯性和多扰动的特点,导致难以实时调整臭氧投加量,从而影响后续设备出水水质。针对以上问题,在水流量比例的控制方面提出一种基于扰动观测器的改进型Smith预估器与滑模控制相结合的复合抗扰控制。其中,滑模控制为主控制器,扰动观测器用于估计出系统的集总扰动并反馈至前向通道消除扰动的不利影响,以便于Smith预估器更好地进行时滞补偿。仿真和实验结果表明,复合抗扰控制相较于PID控制和自抗扰控制具有更好的控制性能和抑制扰动的能力,能够有效提高垃圾渗滤液污水处理设备的出水水质。

基于改进麻雀搜索算法的水质模型多参数反演

水质模型参数取值对模型的模拟精度影响很大,为提高BOD-DO水质模型参数反演精度,首先在DobbinsCamp BOD-DO水质模型的基础上,以BOD和DO浓度计算值与实测值之差的加权平方和最小为目标函数,构建了Dobbins-Camp BOD-DO水质多参数反演模型;然后针对麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm,SSA)求解精度低、稳定性不足和易陷入局部最优等问题,引入Sine混沌映射和对立学习、转移概率以及差分变异3个策略,分别从提高初始种群多样性、扩大搜索空间以及增强种群跳出局部最优的能力三方面对SSA算法进行改进,提出了一种多策略改进的麻雀搜索算法(Multi-strategy Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm,MISSA),并将其应用于Dobbins-Camp BOD-DO水质多参数反演模型的求解;最后通过数值实验将得到的反演结果与SSA算法、模拟退火算法、粒子群算法、遗传算法四种优化算法进行对比,并探讨了参数初值选取和观测噪声水平对反演结果的影响。结果表明:MISSA算法的计算性能明显优于对照组中的4种算法,且能显著降低初值选取对BOD-DO水质模型参数反演结果的影响,当观测数据的噪声水平不超过5%时,MISSA算法可有效提高反演结果的稳定性。该结果验证了MISSA算法在反演Dobbins-Camp BOD-DO水质模型参数的有效性,为水质模型参数求解提供有益参考。

改进滑模观测器的电流源逆变器驱动PMSM无位置传感器控制

由于电流源逆变器(CSI)的叠流效应以及前级DC-DC控制的母线电流脉动较大,使得扩展反电动势中含有大量谐波,造成较大的位置误差。针对此问题,该文提出一种改进滑模观测器的电流源逆变器驱动永磁同步电机无传感器控制方法。首先,基于传统滑模观测器,设计复系数滤波器代替传统低通滤波器,实现了对估计反电动势的准确提取,同时也抑制了估计反电动势中的高频抖动和高次谐波。其次,将二阶广义积分器内嵌于锁相环中,用于消除位置误差信号中的低次谐波,提高位置观测准确度。最后,将估算的速度信息反馈回复系数滤波器,实现复系数滤波器的自适应性。实验结果表明,所提方法在不同工况下,能够有效提高估算的转子位置精度,验证了方法的可行性与有效性。

基于扩张状态观测器的永磁直线同步电机改进模型预测电流控制

针对永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)模型预测电流控制(MPCC)中存在的电流脉动过大、在线计算复杂的问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的改进MPCC策略。利用最优电压矢量相角和重新划分后的电压矢量扇区,改进第一电压矢量的选取方式,减小第二电压矢量选择范围,以实现电压矢量的快速选取,进而降低电流脉动。同时,为了提高PMLSM抗负载扰动能力,通过ESO对扰动进行观测,将观测到的扰动转换为电流进行补偿,提高系统的鲁棒性,且补偿电流可起到进一步减小电流脉动的作用。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法切实可行,与MPCC相比,基于ESO的改进MPCC系统具有更好的控制性能、更小的电流脉动和较强的鲁棒性能。

Path-Following Control With Obstacle Avoidance of Autonomous Surface Vehicles Subject to Actuator Faults

This paper investigates the path-following control problem with obstacle avoidance of autonomous surface vehicles in the presence of actuator faults,uncertainty and external disturbances.Autonomous surface vehicles inevitably suffer from actuator faults in complex sea environments,which may cause existing obstacle avoidance strategies to fail.To reduce the influence of actuator faults,an improved artificial potential function is constructed by introducing the lower bound of actuator efficiency factors.The nonlinear state observer,which only depends on measurable position information of the autonomous surface vehicle,is used to address uncertainties and external disturbances.By using a backstepping technique and adaptive mechanism,a path-following control strategy with obstacle avoidance and fault tolerance is designed which can ensure that the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of zero.Compared with existing results,the proposed control strategy has the capability of obstacle avoidance and fault tolerance simultaneously.Finally,the comparison results through simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于改进拟连续算法的回转弹仓位置控制

为提高大口径火炮自动装填过程中回转弹仓工作的精确性和鲁棒性,在分析现有拟连续算法相关研究内容的基础上,设计一种全新的改进拟连续控制器对回转弹仓进行位置控制。通过与滑模扰动观测器相结合,新控制器增益不依赖于系统扰动的不确定性边界,且不需引入额外的控制器参数,降低了控制器的设计和调试难度。通过Lyapunov方程验证控制器本身及闭环系统的稳定性。仿真和试验结果表明:新设计的控制器相对于已有拟连续算法具有优越性,在受到不确定时变负载和不确定参数扰动的情况下,新设计的改进控制器在应用于回转弹仓时,在趋近段可以获得更快的收敛速度,减小到位超调量,并在滑动段有效减弱抖振。

带有神经网络干扰观测器的视线角约束制导

针对具有终端视线(line-of-sight, LOS)角约束的机动目标拦截问题,提出一种基于径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络干扰观测器的LOS角约束制导方法。首先,考虑目标机动过程中加速度信息无法获取的情况,给出了一种基于RBF神经网络的干扰观测器,实现了对目标机动的高精度估计;其次,充分考虑终端角度约束,结合超螺旋算法思想,通过幂次项的引入设计了一种改进的滑模制导律,从而有效提升了有限过载情况下的制导精度;在此基础上,通过Lyapunov定理对算法的收敛性和稳定性分别进行了证明;最后,通过仿真验证对比了3种不同方法在4种拦截场景下的制导性能,同时针对所提方法进行了蒙特卡罗打靶仿真,仿真结果表明所给出的LOS角约束制导律对机动目标拦截精度高、鲁棒性强。

IF-ZVVCD与SMO的PMSM无位置传感器全速域复合控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)全速域无位置传感器控制中,零低速阶段的高频注入法会引起转矩脉动、噪声等问题,提出一种IF控制结合零电压矢量电流微分法(ZVVCD)实现电机零低速运行,并与改进滑模观测器法复合达到全速域无位置传感器控制目标。在零低速阶段,IF控制法启动电机并在低速切换为ZVVCD,减小转速波动,提高控制精度;在中高速阶段,利用连续光滑的Sigmoid函数及扩展卡尔曼滤波器改进滑模观测器,减少系统抖振,提高转速稳定性;在转速过渡阶段,设计斜率可调的加权切换函数实现零低速与中高速控制方法的平滑切换。实验结果表明:所提复合控制策略能够实现PMSM全速域无位置传感器控制,消除转矩脉动,转子转速与位置信息辨识准确,系统动态响应快、稳态性能好。

基于改进超螺旋滑模观测器的游标电机无传感器控制

针对游标电机的无位置控制,本文通过对磁场进行分析,指出游标电机经过调制作用产生多个工作次谐波,需根据合成反电势,采用矢量控制。同时,由于游标电机转子为多极对数的结构,使其在运行时,对于位置信号的准确性要求更为严苛,较小的位置信号误差便会引起较大的控制角度的差距,如何保证游标电机在无位置传感器控制时的观测精度,对其运行性能起着至关重要的作用。本文以一台外转子分裂齿游标电机为对象,分析其运行原理,建立基于合成反电势的数学模型,并采用基于改进超螺旋滑模观测器的无位置控制策略,保证了游标电机无传感器控制的稳态及动态性能。

基于无模型的PMLSM改进自适应滑模自抗扰控制

为了提高永磁直线同步电机的自抗扰控制的动态响应性能和抗干扰性能,增强系统整体的控制性能,提出了一种基于无模型控制的改进滑模自抗扰控制策略。首先,基于滑模变结构原理以及无模型控制理论对自抗扰控制器中的扩张状态观测器和非线性状态误差反馈进行优化,建立了超局部模型,采用非奇异快速终端滑模控制代替原有的非线性状态误差反馈,同时设计相应滑模面与扩张状态观测器相结合,提高观测器对扰动因素的观测精确度的同时增强控制器的动态响应性能和抗干扰能力。然后设计了改进指数趋近率,通过引入系统状态变量使得控制器可以进行自适应调节,进一步提高系统的控制性能。通过李雅普诺夫理论证明了控制策略的稳定性,仿真和实验结果表明,该控制策略相对传统的自抗扰控制器所具备的优越性。

多电航空发动机发电机负载突变时的自抗扰控制研究

多电航空发动机运行过程中发电机负载突变会影响发动机转速的稳定。通过分析发动机与发电机的耦合机理,将耦合输入、观测误差积分和动态调度参数加入扩张状态观测器中,提出一种基于改进扩张状态观测器的自抗扰控制算法以抑制负载突变扰动影响。通过多工况发电机负载突变仿真,验证了耦合输入和动态调度参数改进可减小超调,观测误差积分和动态调度参数改进可缩短调节时间。相同观测器带宽下,改进后转速受扰超调至少降低68%,调节时间至少缩短46%,总扰动最大估计误差减小80%,证明了改进后的算法对发电机负载突变具有更强的抗扰能力。

基于ICS-IP&O的光伏最大功率跟踪

针对光伏组件存在局部阴影条件(PSC)时,功率输出曲线呈现出的多峰现象,传统最大功率点追踪方法容易陷入局部最优情况。为了解决上述问题,提出一种将自适应布谷鸟搜索(ICS)算法和变步长扰动观察法(IP&O)相结合的复合算法(ICS-IP&O)。对布谷鸟搜索方法(CS)的切换概率、Lévy飞行步长系数进行非线性自适应优化,使其满足迭代前、后期不同的需求,加快收敛进程。在偏好随机游走部分,引入粒子群算法思想,对位置更新公式进行优化,提高其多样性,使算法具有较强的全局搜索随机性,降低陷入局部最优的可能性。算法后期切换成IP&O搜索,减小振荡。通过Simulink进行仿真测试,并与粒子群算法(PSO)、布谷鸟算法(CS)进行对比。结果表明,该算法在静态、局部遮阴、动态遮阴条件下均具有更好的收敛速度和精度。

基于改进型扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机无模型预测电流控制

针对基于扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机无模型预测电流控制策略在电机电感参数失配时电流控制性能下降、转矩脉动增大的问题,提出一种基于改进型扩张状态观测器的无模型预测电流控制策略。在扩张状态观测器中添加非参数模型电感辨识算法,该算法利用d轴扰动估计值计算得到电机辨识电感,将其反馈到下一时刻扩张状态观测器的电流与扰动估计中,消除电感失配对于传统扩张状态观测器的不利影响。将辨识电感用于无模型预测电流控制的输出电压指令的计算,进一步增强无模型预测电流控制的参数鲁棒性。搭建电机转矩控制系统进行实验,结果表明,该控制策略的参数鲁棒性强,具有良好的电流控制性能,在电机电感失配时能有效减小电机转矩脉动,具备较高的工程应用价值。