A Double-Interactively Recurrent Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller Model Combined with an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Fall Detection

In many Eastern and Western countries,falling birth rates have led to the gradual aging of society.Older adults are often left alone at home or live in a long-term care center,which results in them being susceptible to unsafe events(such as falls)that can have disastrous consequences.However,automatically detecting falls fromvideo data is challenging,and automatic fall detection methods usually require large volumes of training data,which can be difficult to acquire.To address this problem,video kinematic data can be used as training data,thereby avoiding the requirement of creating a large fall data set.This study integrated an improved particle swarm optimization method into a double interactively recurrent fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller model to develop a costeffective and accurate fall detection system.First,it obtained an optical flow(OF)trajectory diagram from image sequences by using the OF method,and it solved problems related to focal length and object offset by employing the discrete Fourier transform(DFT)algorithm.Second,this study developed the D-IRFCMAC model,which combines spatial and temporal(recurrent)information.Third,it designed an IPSO(Improved Particle Swarm Optimization)algorithm that effectively strengthens the exploratory capabilities of the proposed D-IRFCMAC(Double-Interactively Recurrent Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller)model in the global search space.The proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of action recognition accuracy on the UR-Fall,UP-Fall,and PRECIS HAR data sets.The UCF11 dataset had an average accuracy of 93.13%,whereas the UCF101 dataset had an average accuracy of 92.19%.The UR-Fall dataset had an accuracy of 100%,the UP-Fall dataset had an accuracy of 99.25%,and the PRECIS HAR dataset had an accuracy of 99.07%.

Direct Yaw Moment Control for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle Handling Performance Improvement

For a distributed drive electric vehicle（DDEV） driven by four in-wheel motors, advanced vehicle dynamic control methods can be realized easily because motors can be controlled independently, quickly and precisely. And direct yaw-moment control（DYC） has been widely studied and applied to vehicle stability control. Good vehicle handling performance： quick yaw rate transient response, small overshoot, high steady yaw rate gain, etc, is required by drivers under normal conditions, which is less concerned, however. Based on the hierarchical control methodology, a novel control system using direct yaw moment control for improving handling performance of a distributed drive electric vehicle especially under normal driving conditions has been proposed. The upper-loop control system consists of two parts： a state feedback controller, which aims to realize the ideal transient response of yaw rate, with a vehicle sideslip angle observer; and a steering wheel angle feedforward controller designed to achieve a desired yaw rate steady gain. Under the restriction of the effect of poles and zeros in the closed-loop transfer function on the system response and the capacity of in-wheel motors, the integrated time and absolute error（ITAE） function is utilized as the cost function in the optimal control to calculate the ideal eigen frequency and damper coefficient of the system and obtain optimal feedback matrix and feedforward matrix. Simulations and experiments with a DDEV under multiple maneuvers are carried out and show the effectiveness of the proposed method： yaw rate rising time is reduced, steady yaw rate gain is increased, vehicle steering characteristic is close to neutral steer and drivers burdens are also reduced. The control system improves vehicle handling performance under normal conditions in both transient and steady response. State feedback control instead of model following control is introduced in the control system so that the sense of control intervention to drivers is relieved.

Efficiency Improvement of PEM Fuel Cells via Humidity Control

PEM （Proton Exchange Membrane） fuel cell is a promising renewable energy source to a wide range of applications for its clean products and high power density. However, controlling its humidity is a challenging problem due to the interdependence of several phenomena contributing in membrane＇s water content. This work deals with efficiency improvement of PEM fuel cells via humidity control. An innovative strategy of control based on the model of Ref. [1] is proposed. It consists on regulating gas humidification rates according to the power demand so that to minimize power losses. The proposed control takes into consideration constraints related to humidification in order to avoid dry out or flooding of the membrane. Simulations results show that time-phasing between hydrogen and oxygen humidification rates plays an important role in minimizing power losses. The proposed control shows significant improvement in the fuel cell＇s efficiency up to 20%.

Two-Stage Planning of Distributed Power Supply and Energy Storage Capacity Considering Hierarchical Partition Control of Distribution Network with Source-Load-Storage

Aiming at the consumption problems caused by the high proportion of renewable energy being connected to the distribution network,it also aims to improve the power supply reliability of the power system and reduce the operating costs of the power system.This paper proposes a two-stage planning method for distributed generation and energy storage systems that considers the hierarchical partitioning of source-storage-load.Firstly,an electrical distance structural index that comprehensively considers active power output and reactive power output is proposed to divide the distributed generation voltage regulation domain and determine the access location and number of distributed power sources.Secondly,a two-stage planning is carried out based on the zoning results.In the phase 1 distribution network-zoning optimization layer,the network loss is minimized so that the node voltage in the area does not exceed the limit,and the distributed generation configuration results are initially determined;in phase 2,the partition-node optimization layer is planned with the goal of economic optimization,and the distance-based improved ant lion algorithm is used to solve the problem to obtain the optimal distributed generation and energy storage systemconfiguration.Finally,the IEEE33 node systemwas used for simulation.The results showed that the voltage quality was significantly improved after optimization,and the overall revenue increased by about 20.6%,verifying the effectiveness of the two-stage planning.

Recent Progress in Plasma Control Studies on the Improvement of Plasma Performance in Heliotron J

Recent progress in plasma control studies on the improvement of plasma performance in Heliotron J is reviewed. The supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI） fueling is successfully applied to Heliotron J plasma. A supersonic H2-beam is effectively injected to increase fueling efficiency and generate a peaked density profile. Local fueling with a short-pulsed SMBI can increase the core plasma density and avoid the degradation arising from edge cooling. Second harmonic electron cyclotron current drive （ECCD） experiments were conducted by launching a focused Gaussian beam with a parallel refractive index of -0.05 ≤ Nil 〈 0.6. Results show that the electron cyclotron （EC） driven current is determined not only by Nil but also by local magnetic field （B） structure where the EC power is deposited. Detailed analysis of the observed NI and B dependences is in progress with a ray-tracing simulation using the TRAVIS code. Fast ion velocity distribution was investigated using fast protons generated by ion cyclotron resonant frequency （ICRF） minority heating. For the standard configuration in Heliotron J, charge ex- change neutral particle analysis （CX-NPA） measurements show higher effective temperature of fast minority protons in the on-axis resonance case compared to that in the HFS （high field side） off-axis resonance case. However, the increase in bulk ion temperature in the HFS resonance case is larger than that in the on-axis resonance.

Yield Improvement and Advanced Defect Control——Driving Forces for Modeling of Bulk Crystal Growth

Yield improvement and advanced defect control can be identified as the driving forces for modeling of industrial bulk crystal growth. Yield improvement is mainly achieved by upscaling of the whole crystal growth apparatus and increased processing windows with more tolerances for parameter variations. Advanced defect control means on one hand a reduction of the number of deficient crystal defects and on the other hand the formation of beneficial crystal defects with a uniform distribution and well defined concentrations in the whole crystal. This "defect engineering" relates to the whole crystal growth process as well as the following cooling and optional annealing processes, respectively. These topics were illustrated in the paper by examples of modeling and experimental results of bulk growth of silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP) and calcium fluoride (CaF2). These examples also involve the state of the art of modeling of the most important melt growth techniques, crystal pulling (Czochralski methods) and vertical gradient freeze (Bridgman-type methods).

Energy Efficiency Improvement of an Industrial Crystallization Process Using Linearizing Control

This paper illustrates the benefits of a multivariable linearizing control approach applied to an industrial crystallization process. This relevant approach is declined according to two different strategies: first, a setpoint tracking is proposed for the couple crystal mass/concentration, whereas a second way consists in tracking of crystal content and concentration. The controlled variables, unavailable online, are issued from an observer developed in previous works. The performance of these strategies, which application to cane sugar crystallization constitutes a real novelty, are compared with experimental data issued from a PID-controlled industrial plant. The results reveal a significant improvement of energy efficiency, leading to an economy of more than 10% of energy.

GENERALIZED TRANSFER FUNCTION OF CONTROL SYSTEM AND AN IMPROVEMENT ON THE DECISION METHOD OF MOVEMENT STABILITY

In this paper the definitions of generalized transfer functios of control system and itscontinuity are presented.Using generalized transfer function as a tool,a set of theorems fordeciding movement stability have been constructed.Thus basing understanding of thecharacteristics of a control dynamics system on its measured procedure will simplify thedecision method of movement stability problems.

Application of PDCA in improving hand hygiene compliance and nosocomial infection quality in orthopedics

Objective:To explore the effect of the Plan-Do-Check-Action(PDCA)cycle on hand hygiene and nosocomial infection quality of or thopedic medical staff.Methods:The whole year of 2021 was selected to monitor the quality of hand hygiene and hospitalization.Follow-up monitoring and real-time recording during the period of morning shift and medical operation concentration time,and compare the compliance of hand hygiene before and after implementation,and evaluate the quality of nosocomial infection.Results:The hand hygiene compliance of doctors and nurses in stage P was 82%.The compliance of medical staff in stage D was 93%.The compliance of stage C was 94%and that of stage A was 95%.The quality score of hospital self-examination nosocomial infection was also significantly increased.Conclusions:The PDCA management cycle can effectively improve the compliance of hand hygiene and the nosocomial infection quality,which is wor thy of circulatory application in or thopedic nosocomial infection quality control,especially improving the quality of hand hygiene.

Research Advances in Gene Regulation and Genetic Improvement of Fish Feeding

Feeding habit which is regulated by many factors including the intrinsic and external factors, such as appetite, structure of the digestive tract and feed palatability, is an important content in the study of genetic improvement. The genetic regulation is one of the major parts among the researches. This research reported the progress of the polymorphism of genes associated with appetite and its correla- tion with feeding habits, and summarized the studies on improvements of fish feed- ing and protein sources of the artificial feeding in order to provide theoretic basis for cultivating the improved varieties in feeding habit.

Improved Rotor Flux Observer for Sensorless Control of PMSM with Adaptive Harmonic Elimination and Phase Compensation

In this paper,a sensorless control strategy of a permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM)based on an improved rotor flux observer(IFO)is proposed.Due to the unknown integral initial value and the high harmonics caused by current sampling and inverter nonlinearities,the flux linkage estimated by traditional rotor flux observer may be inaccurate.In order to address these issues,a self-adaptive band-pass filter(SABPF)is designed to eliminate the DC component and high-frequency harmonics of the estimated equivalent rotor flux linkage.Furthermore,in order to avoid that the design of PI parameter is influenced by the amplitude of equivalent rotor flux linkage,an improved phase-locked loop(IPLL)is employed to obtain the rotor speed and to normalize the estimated equivalent rotor flux linkage.In addition,angle shift caused by an SABPF is compensated to improve the accuracy of the estimated flux linkage angle.Besides,the parameter robustness of this method is analyzed in detail.Finally,simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and parameter robustness of the proposed method.

Design and application of electric oil pump in automatic transmission for efficiency improvement and start–stop function

For the purpose of improving efficiency and realizing start–stop function, an electric oil pump(EOP) is integrated into an 8-speed automatic transmission(AT). A mathematical model is built to calculate the transmission power loss and the hydraulic system leakage. Based on this model, a flow-based control strategy is developed for EOP to satisfy the system flow requirement. This control strategy is verified through the forward driving simulation. The results indicate that there is a best combination for the size of mechanical oil pump(MOP) and EOP in terms of minimum energy consumption. In order to get a quick and smooth starting process, control strategies of the EOP and the on-coming clutch are proposed. The test environment on a prototype vehicle is built to verify the feasibility of the integrated EOP and its control strategies. The results show that the selected EOP can satisfy the flow requirement and a quick and smooth starting performance is achieved in the start–stop function. This research has a high value for the forward design of EOP in automatic transmissions with respect to efficiency improvement and start–stop function.

Improved Bat Algorithm Based Energy Efficient Congestion Control Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy conservation and congestion control are widely researched topics in Wireless Sensor Networks in recent years. The main objective is to develop a model to find the optimized path on the basis of distance between source and destination and the residual energy of the node. This paper shows an implementation of nature inspired improved Bat Algorithm to control congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks at transport layer. The Algorithm has been applied on the fitness function to obtain an optimum solution. Simulation results have shown improvement in parameters like network lifetime and throughput as compared with CODA (Congestion Detection and Avoidance), PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm and ACO (Ant Colony Optimization).

Improving Plasma Confinement by Controlling Hard X-Ray

Since runaway electrons and magnetohydrodynamics activity can contribute to serious damage and energy losses in tokamaks, the effect of an external electric field on runaway electrons and hard x-ray spectra is investigated. Parameters such as the plasma current, the hard x-ray photons count and the mean energy of runaway electrons are measured. Positive and negative voltages of 300 V are applied at lOms after the plasma initiation （while the plasma is forming）, at 15ms （while the plasma is stable） and at 20ms （while the plasma is fading away） to attain the most effective time of applying the external electric field. The number of hard x-ray photons has the most changes in the range of O-200 keV when the external electric fields are applied. Also in the duration of 20-30ms of plasma the greatest number of hard x-ray spectra is detected. When the external electric fields are applied, the mean energy of runaway electrons reduces significantly, especially at 15 ms （while the plasma is stab/e）.

Region coverage control for multiple stratospheric airships with combined self-/event-triggered mechanism

The region coverage control problem of multiple stratospheric airships system is firstly addressed in this paper.Towards it,we propose a two-layer control framework with the artificial potential field(APF)-based region coverage control law and the adaptive tracking control law.The APF-based region coverage control law ensures the coverage task is achieved until every single stratospheric airship ends up performing station keeping where near the respective global minimum point,in which an innovative solution to the local minimum problem is put forward.The adaptive tracking control law is designed to realize motion control using tracking the desired velocity and angular velocity given by coverage control law,with the consideration of several practical control problems as unknown individual differences and external disturbances.To save resources,the combined self-/event-triggered mechanism designed therein significantly reduces the times of state information transmission and control law calculation.The effectiveness of the proposed control framework is verified through simulations.

Study of improved gray predictive PID control algorithm

According to these characteristics of the movement of the special platform servo,a new improved grey predictive PID control algorithm was proposed based on the grey predictive PID,and then the algorithm was simulated by MATLAB.As a result that it can improve the response speed and stability of the system,and meet the demand of the system.

Improved Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Control Rule Base

Manual construction of a rule base for a fuzzy system is the hard and time-consuming task that requires expert knowledge.In this paper we proposed a method based on improved bacterial foraging optimization（IBFO）,which simulates the foraging behavior of “E.coli” bacterium,to tune the Gaussian membership functions parameters of an improved Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy system（C-ITSKFS） rule base.To remove the defect of the low rate of convergence and prematurity,three modifications were produced to the standard bacterial foraging optimization（BFO）.As for the low accuracy of finding out all optimal solutions with multi-method functions,the IBFO was performed.In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed IBFO,multiple comparisons were made among the BFO,particle swarm optimization（PSO）,and IBFO by MATLAB simulation.The simulation results show that the IBFO has a superior performance.

A Control Strategy for Smoothing Active Power Fluctuation of Wind Farm with Flywheel Energy Storage System Based on Improved Wind Power Prediction Algorithm

The fluctuation of active power output of wind farm has many negative impacts on large-scale wind power integration into power grid. In this paper, flywheel energy storage system (FESS) was connected to AC side of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind farm to realize smooth control of wind power output. Based on improved wind power prediction algorithm and wind speed-power curve modeling, a new smooth control strategy with the FESS was proposed. The requirement of power system dispatch for wind power prediction and flywheel rotor speed limit were taken into consideration during the process. While smoothing the wind power fluctuation, FESS can track short-term planned output of wind farm. It was demonstrated by quantitative analysis of simulation results that the proposed control strategy can smooth the active power fluctuation of wind farm effectively and thereby improve power quality of the power grid.

Improving the Construction Industry Quality Using the Seven Basic Quality Control Tools

The organizations used quality tools to develop their processes and gain satisfaction from the customers. The main objective of this study is to develop levels of quality in the construction industry through the use of the seven basic quality control tools. Such tools are extremely crucial tools which are used worldwide in the industries for continual improvement. The seven basic quality tools are Check Sheet, Histogram, Pareto Chart, Fishbone Diagram, Control Chart, Flowchart and Scatter Diagram. They were implemented in various steps of the process in order to define the problems, measure its impacts, find out its root causes and solve these problems to ensure the production of non-defective items. The study shows how the seven basic tools of quality are very useful and effective in identifying and removal of defects from the manufacturing process. These tools are helpful in every stage of the defect removal process. This study was conducted on Cleopatra Group Company. This company succeeded to serve the public and private projects in the Egyptian construction sectors.

Application of Improved Fuzzy Controller in Networked Control System

Aiming at the problem of network-induced delay and data dropout in networked control system, an improved fuzzy controller is proposed in this paper. Considering the great influence of a controller on the performance of control system, an improved controller with a second order fuzzy controller and network-induced delay compensator being added to the basic fuzzy controller is proposed to realize self-regulation on-line. For this type of controller, neither plant model nor measurement of network delay is required. So it is capable of automatically adjusting quantified factor, pro- portional factor, and integral factor according to the control system error and its derivative. The design makes full use of the advantages of quickness in operation and reduction of steady state error because of its integral function. The con- troller has a good control effect on time-delay and can keep a better performance by self-regulation on-line in the net- work with data dropout and interference. It is good in quickness, adaptability, and robustness, which is favorable for controlling the long time-delay system.