Improving People’s Livelihood and Addressing Their Concerns

THE people" is a frequently mentioned phrase,to the extent of being the main theme of the report delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by General Secretary Xi Jinping."We must put the people’s interests above all else,see that the gains of reform and development benefit all our people in a

Forest-based betel leaf and betel nut farming of the Khasia indigenous People in Bangladesh: approach to biodiversity conservation in Lawachara National Park(LNP)

An exploratory survey was conducted among the Khasia living in Lawachara National Parkt （LNP） to investigate their depend- ency on the protected area （PA） for livelihoods, betel leaf hill farming, traditional forest conservation and perceptions of the PA, Field data were collected by interviewing 48 household heads from two villages （punjis） located inside the LNP and visiting their farms.： The economy of the Khasia was forest-based. They were largely dependent on betel leaf hill farming in LNP and nearly 71% of their mean annual income was de- rived from this irrespective of farmer category. On average, about 14% of the incomes of the poorer farmers came from forest produce followed by 10% and 6% for medium and rich farmers respectively. Hills and forests were the foundations of their lives and livelihoods, and LNP was the life-blood of Khasia survival. As a sustainable production system, this farming practice plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity in LNP and might be replicated elsewhere.

Transforming the Lives of Ordinary People in Malawi Through Radio Listening Clubs

This paper examines how radio listening clubs CRLCs） can be used to improve the lives of ordinary people in Malawi especially in rural areas. The paper draws its conclusion from data obtained through focus group discussions （FGDs~） with members of RLCs of two community radio stations, namely Nkhotakota and Mzimba. Other data collection techniques employed are semi-structured interviews with station managers of the two radio stations and members of non-governmental organizations CNGOs~ working with the RLCs. The paper argues that RLCs can create a platform for ordinary people to share, discuss, and find ways of how they can increase food availability in their homes, alleviate their poverty, empower ordinary people, and enable them to access loans and farm inputs. In that way, RLCs can contribute to the transformation of ordinary people＇s lives in the rural areas.

Institutional Correction of Mediation under the View of Transformation:Taking the People’s Mediation as an Example

Under the dual driven forces of soaring disputes and national policy,the dispute resolution ecosystem of China showed the mediation centralism,and the revival of mediation presented the characteristics of adversary system.In order to comply with the modern rule of law system,the traditional mediation is incorporated into the modern legal system through the three-level transformation of"discipline of laws","introduction of procedures"and"specialized cultivation",which was promoted by the popularity of social governance,the input of the idea of diversified solutions and the pragmatic impetus under the pressure of social transformation.The mediation movement has the characteristics of both consciousness of pragmatism and the initial legalization,but will also face the mediation disorder.The remodeling of mediation must be rooted in systematization and modernization.Its development trend includes expansion of fields,symbiosis of autonomy and specialization,and mandatory introduction.

Identifying Links between Ecosystem Services and Aboriginal Well-Being and Livelihoods in North Australia： Applying the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework

The livelihoods and well-being of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities in remote and rural northern Australia are dependent upon the ecosystem services provided by tropical ecosystems. The well-being of all Australian citizens is measured by the Australia Bureau of Statistics （ABS） using socio-economic indicators. In this study we investigated the importance of non-market benefits derived from ecosystem services for Aboriginal well-being. Through a case study with the Mullunburra-Yidinji people in the Wet Tropics, Queensland, we applied the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment （MA） framework to identify the links between ecosystem services and the MA＇s six constituents of human well-being. The study demonstrated that cultural and provisioning services were key determinants of community well-being, and these are not currently measured by the ABS. We adapt the MA framework to include the ABS indicators and explore the potential strengths and weaknesses of the approach for measuring the well-being of contemporary remote and rural Aboriginal communities.

Stakeholder Perspectives on Use,Trade,and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in the Rasuwa District of Central Nepal

People's livelihood in several Himalayan regions largely depends on collection,use,and trade of medicinal plants.Traditional use is generally not a problem,but commercial gathering of selected species to meet increasing national and international demand can result in over-exploitation.Sustainable management of medicinal plants requires a clear understanding of the respective roles,responsibilities and viewpoints of the various stakeholders involved.Through personal interviews and group discussions,this study aimed at investigating the views of two stakeholder groups on use,trade and conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of Nepal.Local people and district and national organizations agreed that medicinal plants are collected for a combination of commercial and personal uses.Perceptions on market availability differed significantly:100 % of the respondents from district and national organizations saw markets as easily available,against only 36 % for local people.This could explain why medicinal plants were perceived by local people to contribute less to income generation than to livelihood improvement.Different viewpoints were also expressed concerning the status of medicinal plants in the district:81 % of the respondents from district and national organizationsconsidered that medicinal plants were threatened,compared to only 28 % for local people.Despite this disparity,both stakeholder groups agreed upon potential threats to medicinal plants:over-harvesting;habitat loss due to land-use change and deforestation;and over-grazing by livestock.Several challenges were identified regarding sustainable management of medicinal plants,such as ambiguous policies;lack of resources,information and infrastructures;habitat degradation;and over-exploitation.Despite these challenges,respondents agreed that the medicinal plants sector offers huge opportunities in the Rasuwa district,given resource availability,community awareness and motivation,and the priority given to the sector by governments and other agencies.Proper collaboration,communication and coordination among stakeholders are needed to grab these opportunities.

Developing people＇s livelihood： construction of life style in visual threshold of Scientific Outlook on Development

随着科学发展观的树立与落实，作为发展民生重要内容之一的生活方式建构已经成为科学发展观的重要课题突出地摆在世人面前。在马克思主义指导下，探讨科学发展观与生活方式建构的辩证关系，指出科学发展观为生活方式建构指明方向，生活方式建构是科学发展观树立与落实的保证。在此基础上，挖掘生活方式建构的科学内涵，在科学发展观的视域中探寻生活方式建构的民生诉求。

Deep Transfer Learning-Enabled Activity Identification and Fall Detection for Disabled People

The human motion data collected using wearables like smartwatches can be used for activity recognition and emergency event detection.This is especially applicable in the case of elderly or disabled people who live self-reliantly in their homes.These sensors produce a huge volume of physical activity data that necessitates real-time recognition,especially during emergencies.Falling is one of the most important problems confronted by older people and people with movement disabilities.Numerous previous techniques were introduced and a few used webcam to monitor the activity of elderly or disabled people.But,the costs incurred upon installation and operation are high,whereas the technology is relevant only for indoor environments.Currently,commercial wearables use a wireless emergency transmitter that produces a number of false alarms and restricts a user’s movements.Against this background,the current study develops an Improved WhaleOptimizationwithDeep Learning-Enabled Fall Detection for Disabled People(IWODL-FDDP)model.The presented IWODL-FDDP model aims to identify the fall events to assist disabled people.The presented IWODLFDDP model applies an image filtering approach to pre-process the image.Besides,the EfficientNet-B0 model is utilized to generate valuable feature vector sets.Next,the Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory(BiLSTM)model is used for the recognition and classification of fall events.Finally,the IWO method is leveraged to fine-tune the hyperparameters related to the BiLSTM method,which shows the novelty of the work.The experimental analysis outcomes established the superior performance of the proposed IWODL-FDDP method with a maximum accuracy of 97.02%.

China's Human Rights Construction Centers on People's Livelihood

1. Concept of People＇s Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on which the human rights theoretical system could be based and the Chinese human rights idea could be realized.

Improving Livelihoods

IMPLEMENTING targeted poverty alleviation campaigns and the rural vitalization strategy are endeavors of the leadership of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and the State Council to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

Enriching Farmers through Sharing: Improving People’s Livelihood and Well-Being in the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas in China

Shared development is an important means by which to improve people’s livelihood and well-being in the new era. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020), China has made great achievements in the three major aspects of targeted poverty alleviation through industrial development, development of special rural areas, and equalization of urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. In addition, the important experience of multi-agent participation, multi-mode guidance, and multi-line promotion has been accumulated in the individual, regional and urbanrural dimensions. However, there remain some deficiencies, such as low policy efficiency, poor matching ability, and prominent structural problems. At the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025), the task of enriching farmers through sharing has been faced with many challenges, such as major changes in the focus of poverty governance, greater numbers of restraints on the development of special rural areas, and heavy responsibilities of equalizing urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a profound understanding of the new development concept, and to continuously enrich farmers through sharing in terms of accelerating the improvement of the institutionalized poverty reduction system in the new era, actively building a green development system of agriculture and animal husbandry in special rural areas, and striving to create a fair and complementary urban and rural infrastructure and basic public service system.

For a Legal Guarantee to Improve People’s Livelihood and Protect Human Rights——Thoughts on policy concerning Social Insurance Law (draft)

The People＇s Republic of China Social Insurance Law （draft） has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to implementation of the constitutional principle of ＂respecting and protecting human rights.＂ It will help regulate the various social insurance relationships and the rights and obligations of the parties involved.

中国传统民本思想及民生实践

中国传统民本思想的核心理念“以民为本”包含三层含义:民为国本,体现了对民众地位的认识;立国为民,体现了对统治者与民众关系的认知;政在养民,体现了对社会发展规律的理解。基于传统民本思想提出的一系列“以厚民生为本”的富民之策,要求统治者采取相应政策,关心民众生计,使民众生活富足。历代统治者推行的改善民生举措主要有重农抑商、务本兴农,轻徭薄赋、体恤民力,不违农时、使民以时,以及约束官吏、勿使扰民等。中国传统民本思想及民生实践促进了近代以来民主思想的发展,对当今推进国家治理现代化亦有重要的借鉴价值。

基本收入制度的兴起与共同富裕型民生的建设

基本收入是工业社会以来部分发达国家面向全体社会成员无条件地支付现金的一项体现社会公正发展的措施或政策安排。基本收入制度强调民众普遍享有,实施基本收入制度有利于筑牢民生底线,缩减资格识别过程中的行政投入和成本,解决民众的基本生活问题,缩减贫富差距,扩大中等收入群体基数。因而,其与共同富裕型民生制度有着很强的涵容性。为了促进基本收入制度与共同富裕型民生颉颃发展,需要明确基本收入制度的功能定位,发掘基本收入制度的合理内核,积极支持各地基本收入制度的试点探索,强化基本收入制度实施的监管,持续优化民生项目,完善托底型民生和基本型民生,扎实保障民众基本生活,使基本收入制度为共同富裕型民生的实现贡献力量。

全过程人民民主视域下人大代表联络站的功能定位与完善路径

人民代表大会制度是实现我国全过程人民民主的重要制度载体,而人大代表联络站则是我国人民代表大会制度和全过程人民民主在基层的生动实践平台。近年来,人大代表联络站得到快速发展,但也同样面临一系列困境与挑战。因此,进一步厘清人大代表联络站的功能定位、践行全过程民主模式、完善人大代表联络站制度具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。已有研究缺乏对人大代表联络站的实践发展进行全方位的理论探讨和系统总结。本文基于全过程人民民主视角,分别从法律定位、政治定位、角色定位和实践定位四个维度阐释人大代表联络站的具体功能定位,梳理浙江省人大代表联络站践行全过程人民民主的创新模式和做法,剖析人大代表联络站在身份认同、代表履职、实践功能、组织建设和协商议事等五个方面所面临的主要困境,最后提出完善人大代表联络站的对策路径。

数字经济与民生协调发展:数字政府的调节作用

数字经济突破性创新对民生发展带来错综复杂的影响,给治理体系和治理能力提出了新的要求。数字政府建设是政府对经济演进到数字形态的自我适应,有望成为政府有效应对数字经济发展带来的民生挑战的破局之策。然而,目前从理论和实证层面深入探究数字政府、数字经济和民生三者之间关系的研究尚较为缺乏。本文从理论上梳理数字经济对民生发展的影响机制以及数字政府在保障数字经济促进民生发展中的作用机制。在此基础上,以中国城市为研究对象,利用面板数据固定效应模型和工具变量法进行实证分析。研究结果显示中国数字经济在起步阶段对民生发展的影响以促进作用为主,异质性分析结果显示数字经济对民生发展的促进作用在西部地区最大、东部地区次之、中部地区最小;数字政府在数字经济促进民生发展中起到正向调节作用。研究发现能为新时代数字政府在数字经济与民生协调发展中发挥重要作用提供理论和实践依据。

完善基本公共服务制度体系

完善基本公共服务制度体系是进一步全面深化改革的战略重点,其战略目标就是与基本现代化相适应的高标准现代化基本公共服务制度体系基本完善,与高质量发展相适应的高品质基本公共服务产品全面普及,从而实现民生“七有”制度体系向民生“七优”制度体系的深刻转变。进一步完善基本生育服务制度体系、基本教育服务制度体系、基本就业服务制度体系与收入分配制度体系、基本医疗保障与服务制度体系、基本养老保障与服务制度体系、基本住房保障制度体系、基本社会服务制度体系;健全与新型城镇化相适应的基本公共服务制度体系,提升优质基本公共服务均等化与可及性水平。

中国民生发展水平评价指标体系构建与测度

文章基于社会质量理论视角,构建包含社会性保障、经济性保障、社会凝聚、社会包容、社会赋权维度的民生发展水平评价指标体系,采用熵值法测度2016—2020年我国30个省份的民生发展水平,并运用Mar⁃kov转移概率矩阵探讨民生发展水平的演进规律。研究表明:从整体来看,各省份的民生发展水平不高;除东部地区外,中部地区、西部地区和东北地区的民生发展水平均不高,而且各省份的民生发展水平缺乏稳定性,呈波动态势;较多省份属于低、极低质量民生发展水平,区域内部民生发展水平呈“分离”现象,东部地区的民生发展水平始终高于中部地区、西部地区和东北地区;各省份的民生发展水平有升级或降级的可能;民生发展水平的空间集聚呈“中心—外围—边缘”的圈层扩散分布格局,在空间格局上呈抱团状、零星状结构。

中国式现代化对资本逻辑的三重超越及世界意义

世界百年未有之大变局下,中国治理体系与治理能力现代化水平的提高,彰显出中国式现代化的突出优势。相较于西方,中国式现代化以多元现代观为基本前提,超越了西方现代化一元统治的格局;以人民至上为根本遵循,将民生福祉置于资本增殖逻辑之上,超越了西方现代化资本至上的价值立场;以独特的政治优势、完善的制度架构和高效的运行模式展现实践伟力,超越了西方现代化盲目追求资本扩张的实践困境。中国式现代化道路的开创,打破了后发国家对西方现代化模式的依赖,拓宽了世界各国走向现代化的路径,具有广泛的世界意义。

《乡村振兴促进法》是实现全体人民共同富裕的根本法

《乡村振兴促进法》是全面推进和实施乡村振兴,实现全体人民共同富裕目标的行动规范,共同富裕的本质特征是全体人民共享美好生活。中国式现代化是实现共同富裕的目标指引,农业强国建设是实现共同富裕的稳固根基,推进共同富裕成为诠释执政党治国理政奋斗历程的最佳注解。劳动创造幸福是实现共同富裕的内生动力,绿色生活是实现共同富裕的发展模式,医养结合是实现共同富裕的民生保障,在共同富裕中推进人的全面发展是最佳的人权表达。提升公共安全治理水平是实现共同富裕目标的重要遵循,扩大社会公众参与范围是实现共同富裕目标的基本路径,完善政府绩效评估方式是实现共同富裕目标的有效监督。