Receiver design of UWB radio systems for an impulsive noise environment

The performance of UWB (ultrawide bandwidth) radio systems under an impulsive noise environment is first investigated. In the analysis, the Middleton's class A model is used as a model of the impulsive noise. At first, the statistical characteristics of the inphase and quadrature components of the impulsive noise are investigated, and it is proved that unlike Gaussian noise, these components are dependent especially on the impulsive noise with small impulsive indices. The probability that the high amplitude noise is emitted in the inphase component which becomes firstly larger and then smaller for the larger quadrature component of impulsive noise is presented. Next, the performance of conventional UWB radio systems designed for the Gaussian noise under the impulsive noise is evaluated and numerical results show that the performance of the conventional UWB radio systems is much degraded by the effect of the impulsive noise. Using the dependence between the inphase and quadrature components of the impulsive noise, a novel UWB receiver designed for impulsive noise is proposed and the performance improvement achieved by the receiver is evaluated. Numerical results show that the performance of UWB radio systems is much improved by employing the proposed receiver.

Intelligent reflecting surface-assisted cognitive radio-inspired rate-splitting multiple access systems

Intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)has been widely regarded as a promising technology for configuring wireless propagation environments.In this paper,we utilize IRS to assist transmission of a secondary user(SU)in a cognitive radio-inspired rate-splitting multiple access(CR-RSMA)system in which a primary user's(PU's)quality of service(QoS)requirements must be guaranteed.Without introducing intolerable interference to deteriorate the PU's outage performance,the SU conducts rate-splitting to transmit its signal to the base-station through the direct link and IRS reflecting channels.For the IRS-assisted CR-RSMA(IRS-CR-RSMA)scheme,we derive the optimal transmit power allocation,target rate allocation,and successive interference cancellation decoding order to enhance the outage performance of the SU.The closed-form expression for the SU's outage probability achieved by the IRS-CR-RSMA scheme is derived.Various simulation results are presented to clarify the enhanced outage performance achieved by the proposed IRS-CR-RSMA scheme over the CR-RSMA scheme.

基于环境振动的IR-UWB超感知范围人体跌倒检测方法

跌倒检测在老年人医疗保健中至关重要,传统方案主要依赖于可穿戴设备进行感知.为了避免可穿戴设备带来的负担和不适,采用射频(radio frequency,RF)的非接触式方法因其具有的普适性和非侵入性,逐渐成为一种有前景的替代方案.现有的非接触式方法主要从无线射频信号中提取人体跌倒产生的速度和加速度等运动生理特征,通过分析运动时间序列来判断目标是否发生跌倒行为.虽然目前的方法可以在视距状态下获取较高的检测精度,但是其在感知范围和非视距路径下的感知效果仍存在局限性.为解决以上问题,提出了利用最先进的商用IR-UWB设备来识别超感知范围外的人体跌倒检测方法.该方法的关键是通过识别感知范围外人体跌倒引发的环境振动特征来判断是否发生跌倒事件,并通过设计IQ熵和最远点对距离算法从微小振动中提取人体跌倒产生的信号特征.通过在商用IR-UWB设备上搭建UWFall原型系统并在各种环境下开展大量的实验测试,结果表明,单台收发器的UWFall系统识别准确率超过90%.同时,UWFall系统对7 m范围外的目标跌倒检测准确率超过86%,且在非视距场景下依然保持高鲁棒性.

基于时频域特征融合的IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别方法

冲激脉冲(impulse radio,IR)超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)穿墙雷达因其良好的穿透性和距离分辨率在穿墙人体行为识别领域具有重要作用,但是常规识别方法仅采用单域特征对行为模式进行描述,识别准确率不高。针对这一问题,提出基于时频域特征融合的IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别算法。首先,通过杂波抑制及距离补偿方法获取高信噪比的人体行为距离像。其次,基于距离像提取目标时域特征,与频域特征进行融合,构建数据集。最后,基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法对人体行为进行识别。实验结果表明,所提算法对于IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别能够达到95%的准确率。

Performance analysis of UWB radio systems under cassa impulsive noise environment

The performance of UWB (Ultrawide Bandwidth) radio systems under class A impulsive noise environment is studied in this paper. First, while employing the Middleton’s class A model as a model of impulsive noise, the statistical characteristics of in-phase and quadrature components of impulsive noise is investigated. It is proven that, unlike Gaussian noise, they are dependent especially due to the fact that impulsive indices are small. Next, using this above dependence, a novel UWB radio receiver designed for impulsive noise is proposed and the exact expression for the average BER (Bit Error Rate) of this receiver as a function of SNR (Signal to Noise Power Ratio) and threshold value is derived. Then, the optimum threshold value is discussed and the performance of UWB radio systems with the proposed receiver designed for impulsive noise and with the conventional receiver designed for Gaussian noise under impulsive noise environment is estimated. Numerical results are compared and show that the influence of impulsiveness index and threshold value on the performance of UWB radio systems is quite large and that the performance achieved by the proposed UWB radio receiver is much superior to that of the conventional UWB radio receiver under class A impulsive noise environment.

A/D Restrictions (Errors) in Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radios

Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radio (UWB-IR) technologies, although are relatively easy in transmission but they present difficulties in reception, in fact the reception of such waveform is a quite complicated matter. The main reason is that in fully digital receiver the received waveform must be sampled at a rate of several GHz. This paper focuses on the impact of the Analog to Digital (A/D) conversion stage that is used to sample the received waveform. More specifically we focus on the impact of the two main parameters that affect the performance of the Software Defined Radio (SDR) system. These parameters are the bit resolution and the time jittering. The influence of these parameters is deeply examined.

On the Implementation of a Probabilistic Equalizer for Low-Cost Impulse Radio UWB in High Data Rate

This paper treats the digital design of a probabilistic energy equalizer for impulse radio (IR) UWB receiver in high data rate (100Mbps). The aim of this study is to bypass certain complex mathematical function as a chi-squared distribution and reduce the computational complexity of the equalizer for a low cost hardware implementation. As in Sub-MAP algorithm, the max* operation is investigated for complexity reduction and tested by computer simulation with fixed point data types under 802.15.3a channel models. The obtained re-sults prove that the complexity reduction involves a very slight algorithm deterioration and still meet the low-cost constraint of the implementation.

Link Budget Design with Performance Evaluation of Tunable Impulse-Based Ultra Wideband to Support the Integration of Wireless Sensing and Identifications Infrastructures

Recently, many studies propose the use of ultra-wideband technology for passive and active radio frequency identification systems as well as for wireless sensor networks due to its numerous advantages. By harvesting these advantages of IR-UWB technology at the physical-layer design, this paper proposes that a cross layer architecture platform can be considered as a good integrator for different wireless short-ranges indoor protocols into a universal smart wireless-tagged architecture with new promising applications in cognitive radio for future applications. Adaptive transmission algorithms have been studied to show the trade-off between different specific QoS requirements, transmission rates and distances at the physical layer level and this type of dynamic optimization and reconfiguration leads to the cross-layer design proposal in the paper. Studies from both theoretical simulation and statistical indoor environments experiments are considered as a proof of concept for the proposed architecture.

基于比较算法和OWR-TDOA的IR-UWB定位系统研究

针对采用脉冲无线电-超宽带实现高精度定位进行了研究。首先提出了基于现场可编程门阵列板的全数字发射机,由其I/O口产生并输出脉冲信号;然后脉冲信号通过接收天线接收,并由每个接收支路上的低噪声放大器放大,通过比较算法将脉冲信号转换为1位数字样本;为了降低噪声功率,将数字化后的样本按脉冲帧的相应相位进行平均,并将平均后的脉冲样本与模板信号进行关联,将相关器输出与阈值进行比较,接收机通过检测超过阈值的相关器输出来估计脉冲信号的定时;最后,处理单元根据单向测距-到达时间差方法估计出发射机的位置。实验测试结果不仅验证了提出的定位系统的有效性,而且表明了提出的定位系统相比于传统的基于模数变换器的接收处理系统在发射机定位均方根(RMS)误差和模态值的RMS误差方面分别提高了41.48%和23.11%。

IR-UWB系统中基于root-MUSIC算法的TOA和DOA联合估计

针对二维多重信号分类算法可以估计出系统的到达时间(TOA,time-of-arrival)和波达方向(DOA,directionof-arrival)参数,但需要复杂度非常高的二维谱峰搜索这一问题,提出了IR-UWB系统中基于求根MUSIC(root-MUSIC)的TOA和DOA联合估计算法,该算法对接收信号的频域形式建模,先估计出TOA,然后由TOA的差值计算出DOA,从而实现TOA和DOA的联合估计。该算法不需谱峰搜索,可直接给出估计参数的闭式解,还可实现参数配对。还推导了参数估计的误差方差。仿真结果表明,该算法的参数估计性能明显优于矩阵束算法、传播算子算法以及基于旋转不变技术估计信号参数算法,并且非常接近于2D-MUSIC算法,但该算法的复杂度却远远低于2D-MUSIC算法。

IR-UWB系统中采用锯齿波匹配的低复杂度TOA估计

采用非相干能量检测,提出了一种负斜率锯齿波相关搜索的算法,其结合接收多径脉冲信号的包络特征,获得了次优的估计性能。另外,通过对于锯齿波斜率(锯齿波宽度)的分析给出了在非视距条件下无偏估计的条件,理论分析了TOA估计平均绝对误差,推导出其性能解。仿真结果验证了算法的性能,并通过对结果的分析给出了在视距和非视距环境、不同信噪比下锯齿波斜率的最优取值范围。该方法解决了估计复杂度、抗多径和非视距环境下的顽健性问题。

基于压缩感知的IR-UWB系统的抗量化噪声对策研究

为减小压缩感知框架下脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)信号低速采样接收过程中量化噪声的影响,基于对压缩测量值均等携带信息及高斯分布特性的考虑,设计出了三种有效的改进量化机制:过载均匀量化、非均匀量化和过载非均匀量化。充分考察了过载机制中过载因子的影响因素,拟合得到逼近最优过载的优化方案。仿真结果表明这三种改进机制都比均匀量化有较大的性能提升,尤以过载非均匀量化性能改善最为显著,而过载均匀量化机制以很低的实现复杂度获得了比复杂度颇高的非均匀量化机制更高的性能,为压缩感知框架下的IR-UWB系统提供了一种实用的量化方式。

IR-UWB通信系统的准自适应频率同步算法

肪冲无线电超宽带通信(impulse radio-ultra wideband,IR-UWB)通信采用亚纳秒级脉冲承载信息。由于没有传统意义上的载波,其同步方式与传统方式有着很大不同,特别是频率同步面临着很大的挑战。在正交正弦相关接收机基础上提出了一种准自适应频率同步方法。该方法利用接收方本地载波和接收脉冲进行相关得到的矢量进行相差估计,根据估计得到的相位差的象限选择不同的预设步长进行频率调整接收方本地振荡器频率,实现收发双方的频率同步。该方法具有实现简单、同步速度快的优点,并在硬件系统上得到验证,取得了良好的效果。

基于IR-UWB的无线总线实验研究

针对虚拟卫星需要通过无线媒介将卫星近距子终端可靠地联结成系统的应用需求,在研究IR-UWB技术和星载总线两者特点的基础上,提出基于IR-UWB的总线型无线网络的解决途径,结合1553B协议进行了可行性分析。并在现有条件下设计和搭建1553B点到点试验平台进行了实验研究,实验表明从功能上来看,IR-UWB具有作为设备间实时无线互连物理层的潜力,为进一步研究打下了基础。

基于智能反射面的无线携能认知网络鲁棒传输设计

针对智能反射面辅助的无线携能认知网络,提出了一种基于用户非完美信道状态信息的波束成形方案,提高网络的频谱和能量收集效率。在假设用户信道误差范数有界的条件下,建立了以信息接收用户最小可达速率最大化为目标函数,以满足信息接收用户和能量接收用户需求、主用户干扰阈值和基站最大发射功率为约束条件的优化问题。针对此非凸问题,提出利用三角不等式、交替方向乘子法和交替优化的迭代算法,以较低的计算复杂度求解得到基站的有源波束成形权矢量和智能反射面的无源波束成形矩阵。最后,仿真验证了所提方案相较于随机相位方案能够有效提高系统的性能,证明了在携能认知网络中引入智能反射面的可行性和有效性。

一种新的基于混沌脉冲位置调制的UWB-IR通信系统

基于混沌脉冲位置调制的UWB—IR通信系统,是将混沌理论应用于超宽带通信的一种实现方案。针对此类系统的误码率性能不够理想,提出了一种新的基于混沌脉冲位置调制的UWB—IR通信系统。它通过滑动窗口实现匹配滤波的解调方案,改善了原通信系统的误比特率性能。并给出了一种利用参数敏感性实现系统的初始同步的方法。仿真结果表明,改进后的UWB-IR通信系统的误比特性能比原系统的误比特性能提高了7～8 dB,从而验证了该方案的正确性。

智能反射面辅助OFDMA云接入网的资源分配方法

本文研究了智能反射面(IRS)辅助OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access,正交频分多址接入)云无线接入网(C-RAN)的下行链路传输系统,其中基带处理单元(BBU)池通过多个远端射频头(RRH)与多个用户进行通信.RRH到用户的接入链路采用OFDMA接入技术.对于BBU池到RRH,采用无线前传链路,并且部署多个IRS以增强链路传输能力.在BBU池和每个RRH发射功率约束下,本文提出通过联合优化前传链路和接入链路资源配置使下行用户和速率最大化.由于该资源配置问题是非凸的,首先采用连续凸逼近(SCA)对目标以及约束条件进行转换.其次,将转换后的问题拆分成三个子问题来交替性求解.最后,计算机仿真结果显示了所提出的联合资源分配方法与其他基准方案相比具有显著的传输性能增益.

多径信道下的IR-UWB快速捕获算法

脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)的传统同步算法捕获时间长,且IR-UWB信道多径情形严重,导致同步捕获十分困难.针对该问题提出了多径信道下一种新的快速捕获算法,利用多径信道特征构造两个本地模板信号分别与接收信号相关,比较其相关输出后,自适应改变模板信号重复相关运算,迅速减小搜索区域;当达到一定迭代次数后,在新的搜索区域上采取串行全搜索方法捕获同步延迟,估计信道多径信息.理论分析和仿真结果表明,相比传统捕获算法,该算法捕获时间大大缩短,能够捕获多径能量,而且可以进行信道估计,便于PRAKE(partial rake)接收.

UWB-IR中一种基于ML准则的快速同步捕获低阶算法

超宽带冲击无线电（UWB-IR）通信系统需要有高速和高效的同步算法.通过对基于最大似然ML（maximum likelihood）准则的理论推导,提出了一种快速同步捕获算法,建立了基于脉冲通信的UWB-IR仿真通信系统,并且,在此基础上利用仿真数据分析了其估计误差性能及基于此算法的通信系统的误码性能.仿真结果表明,此算法能够在40 μs左右实现平均估计误差均值为0及平均估计误差均方根为0.12～0.15,而且经过此同步捕获算法的补偿,可以一定程度地提高系统的误比特性能.

基于IR-UWB系统的高速准循环LDPC编解码器设计

阐述了一种基于脉冲无线电超宽带(Impulse radio ultra-wideband,IR-UWB)系统的高速低密度奇偶校验码(Low density parity-check codes,LDPC)算法推导及其性能比较,分析了渐进添边算法(Progressive edge-growth,PEG)结合分块准循环(Quasi-cyclic,QC)的方式实现校验矩阵的构造以及单位阵(I矩阵)和Q矩阵作为子循环矩阵时的性能,并通过Matlab仿真的误比特曲线对算法进行分析。该LDPC解码器的设计采用一种基于变量因子的最小和(Minimum sum,MS)译码算法,硬件复杂度较低,在标准UWB衰弱信道中,误码率10-6下产生约3.2dB信噪损失。