Senior study travel,as an emerging form of tourism,combines the dual characteristics of educational learning and leisure travel.It not only meets the elderly’s desire for spiritual and cultural life and self-fulfillm...Senior study travel,as an emerging form of tourism,combines the dual characteristics of educational learning and leisure travel.It not only meets the elderly’s desire for spiritual and cultural life and self-fulfillment but also promotes the construction of a healthy aging society.This study comprehensively uses methods such as literature analysis,interviews,and case studies to analyze the current status and existing problems of the senior study travel market.Based on the 7Ps service marketing model,it explores service marketing strategies for the senior study travel market,aiming to provide reference and guidance for related tourism enterprises to supply more attractive senior study travel services.展开更多
Background:The Internet plus nursing service program is being piloted in China,which has become a new home nursing service model led by nurses.To enable safe and effective homecare service delivery,nurses working in t...Background:The Internet plus nursing service program is being piloted in China,which has become a new home nursing service model led by nurses.To enable safe and effective homecare service delivery,nurses working in the program need a high level of competency.However,the content of these core competencies and the training needs of nurses for Internet plus nursing services are still unknown.Aim:To describe nurses’perceptions of core competencies and training needs to work in the Internet plus nursing service program,thereby providing a reference for the development of training programs.Methods:A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews was conducted on 15 nurses with experience of working in the Internet plus nursing service program.Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim,and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results:Core competencies involved comprehensive assessment competence,direct care practice competence,health education and consulting competence,risk estimation and response competence,and communication competence.Training needs involved complex operational items,knowledge of chronic disease management,professional communication,risk identification and response,nursing standards,norms,and procedures,and utilization of information technology.Conclusions:The training system may be developed based on nurses’core competencies and their training needs to promote professional development of the Internet plus nursing service.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the health service demands and to analyze influencing factors among elderly people based on a community survey in Guilin,China.Methods:A random sampling was used to investigate 366 elderly peo...Objective:To investigate the health service demands and to analyze influencing factors among elderly people based on a community survey in Guilin,China.Methods:A random sampling was used to investigate 366 elderly people in a community using a Health-Care-Needs questionnaire,which was designed by The Western Nursing Alliance research team in China.This survey was used to understand the basic situation,financial condition,health condition,self-care abilities,pension plan,and care services demands of the elderly residing at home.Additionally,this article analyzed the influencing factors contributing to the obtained results.Results:The top 3 nursing needs were security needs(1.61±0.45 points),health education needs(1.54±0.57 points),and respect and self-development needs(1.13±0.64 points).Logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that gender,monthly income,lack of exercise,activities of daily living(ADL)scores,methods of medical payment,and pension plan were independent factors affecting elderly nursing needs.Conclusions:The home-based health services supply for elders did not meet their needs.Therefore,a comprehensive approach considering multifactors such as gender,income,exercise,self-care ability,medical expense payments,and supporting preferences should be considered to address the complex needs of health care.展开更多
In the strategic context of rural revitalization,optimizing the quality of agricultural statistical services is a crucial element for advancing agricultural modernization and sustainable rural economic development.Thi...In the strategic context of rural revitalization,optimizing the quality of agricultural statistical services is a crucial element for advancing agricultural modernization and sustainable rural economic development.This paper focuses on the significance of enhancing agricultural statistical service quality under the backdrop of rural revitalization.It addresses current issues such as inadequate implementation of agricultural statistical survey systems,an imperfect data quality control system,and a shortage of statistical service personnel.Proposals are made to improve the statistical survey system,enhance the data quality control framework,and strengthen personnel training.These pathways offer references for elevating the quality of agricultural statistical services and implementing the rural revitalization strategy in the new era.展开更多
The gatekeeper policy has been implemented for approximately ten years on a pilot population in China. It is necessary to assess the satisfaction of patients utilizing community health service(CHS) under the gatekee...The gatekeeper policy has been implemented for approximately ten years on a pilot population in China. It is necessary to assess the satisfaction of patients utilizing community health service(CHS) under the gatekeeper system. Our study showed that the cognition of gatekeeper policy was associated with four dimensions including doctor‐patient relationships, information and support, organization of care, and accessibility(P 〈 0.001). One or more factors such as gender and self‐perceived health scores also affected their satisfaction. General practitioners must be prepared to focus on these aspects of information and support, organization of care, and accessibility as indicators of potential opportunities for improvement. Additionally, policymakers can improve patients' satisfaction with CHS by strengthening their awareness of the gatekeeper policy.展开更多
Systems for ambient assisted living(AAL) that integrate service robots with sensor networks and user monitoring can help elderly people with their daily activities, allowing them to stay in their homes and live active...Systems for ambient assisted living(AAL) that integrate service robots with sensor networks and user monitoring can help elderly people with their daily activities, allowing them to stay in their homes and live active lives for as long as possible. In this paper, we outline the AAL system currently developed in the European project Robot-Era, and describe the engineering aspects and the serviceoriented software architecture of the domestic robot, a service robot with advanced manipulation capabilities. Based on the robot operating system(ROS) middleware, our software integrates a large set of advanced algorithms for navigation, perception, and manipulation. In tests with real end users, the performance and acceptability of the platform are evaluated.展开更多
By the contingent value method, we studied the non-use value of wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve (HNNR) in Heilongjiang Pro- vince, northeast China. The proportion of respondents willing...By the contingent value method, we studied the non-use value of wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve (HNNR) in Heilongjiang Pro- vince, northeast China. The proportion of respondents willing to pay (WTP) for protection of HNNR was 63 %. The WTP ratio was affected by geographical area, contact nature, personal preferences, and familiar degree of the respondents. The WTP value was affected by age, education level and career of the respondents. The mainly reasons for people rejecting to pay for protecting HNNR were "I am not familiar to HNNR" and "I had no capacity for additional spending because of low income". Weighted average individual WTP value was CNY 59.26 Yuan ind.^-1 year^-1 for all the respondents with WTP. The total non-use ecosystem service value of HNNR was CNY 1430 million Yuan in 2013. The heritage value was highest followed by existence value and option value. From the high ecosystem service value in HNNR, it is very important to construct nature reserve for protecting natural ecosystems and human sustainable use of natural resources.展开更多
The goal of this study was to determine whether or not older adults who utilized community nutrition services were more or less able to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living...The goal of this study was to determine whether or not older adults who utilized community nutrition services were more or less able to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), or Physical Activities (PA) than non-users. In surveying older adults aged 60 - 103 (n = 1065), it was determined that service users were older, frailer, living alone, and less able to perform ADLs, IADLs, or PAs than non-users. However, within the non-service user group, a subset of nonusers was identified as those who were infirm, malnourished, less active, and unable to perform ADLs. Both users and non-users of community nutrition programs would benefit greatly, with services recalibrated to serve these community-dwelling, but needy older adults.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of gr...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.展开更多
This article discusses the security of the NGN service platform in terms of the open service interface and service deployment. It thinks that security of the open service interface can be solved by adding the service ...This article discusses the security of the NGN service platform in terms of the open service interface and service deployment. It thinks that security of the open service interface can be solved by adding the service access gateway and service management platform. The service access gateway provides security features to the open service interface concerning ID authentication, authorization, audit, encryption and integrity protection. For service deployment, its security can be solved by issuing related user digital certificates, deploying a firewall or an intrusion detection system, implementing load control, managing users' home location and displaying users' real-time IP addresses.展开更多
The purposes of this study were to establish a school support service model for students with disabilities in general classroom, and to explore the current status of school support services provided for students with ...The purposes of this study were to establish a school support service model for students with disabilities in general classroom, and to explore the current status of school support services provided for students with disabilities in preschools, primary, and junior high schools. Therefore, this study used data from the Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study in Taiwan, collected in the 2007-2008 academic year. There were 2,924 students with disabilities selected in the study who were placed in general classrooms; 855 were in preschool, 1,079 were in primary school and 990 were in junior high school. The questionnaires in the database were answered by their teachers. The results of this study are listed, as follows: In terms of the school support service model for students with disabilities in the three stages of education, adjustment in teaching accounts for 1-15% of the explanatory power regarding the overall model, while support services account for 63-85%, which peak in junior high schools. Secondly, itinerant teachers are found to be the most important human resource in preschools. For primary and junior high schools, parents and special education teachers are the more prevalent influences. The more common school support services are tuition refunds, itinerant services, adjustments in examinations, and scholarships.展开更多
In the contemporary digital age,traditional reading habits have been compromised by digital media,a situation that has forced academic libraries to adopt proactive marketing approaches to promote reading among student...In the contemporary digital age,traditional reading habits have been compromised by digital media,a situation that has forced academic libraries to adopt proactive marketing approaches to promote reading among students and faculty.This article investigates the implementation of marketing strategies in promoting reading activities within academic libraries,taking the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology as a case study.The paper explores various marketing strategies employed by academic libraries,including market segmentation,utilization of new media platforms,and the creation of personalized content for readers.Drawing from an extensive literature review and real-world examples,the study establishes a framework for marketing reading promotion activities tailored to academic libraries.These findings underscore how effective marketing strategies can enhance user participation,expand library influence,and optimize resource utilization.展开更多
In the different stages of the development of the old-age service, the responsibility and function of the government will be different. In the new period, the government should redefine its role in advancing the socia...In the different stages of the development of the old-age service, the responsibility and function of the government will be different. In the new period, the government should redefine its role in advancing the socialization of the old-age service. The level of socialization of old-age services is not high, the lack of vitality of the pension market, the imperfect system and other problems arise because the government is not clear. The government should deal with the relationship between the main body of the market and avoid the 'double failure' of the government and the market. The government should play a guiding role in the policy, laws and regulations and other aspects of good service work for the social services of the elderly to provide a good development environment.展开更多
CAS 132-2006 formulation background and work courses
Flat panel display technology is maturing alongside the development of science and technology. The prices of flat panel display TV sets are becoming lower ... CAS 132-2006 formulation background and work courses
Flat panel display technology is maturing alongside the development of science and technology. The prices of flat panel display TV sets are becoming lower and lower. Flat panel display TV sets have begun entering the mainstream and are now the first choice of some consumers when making new TV purchases.Display TV Set Installation Service Point Explanation and AnalysisRepair, Retreat and Change Duty Stipulations. Peculiar use conditions, usage environments, and the practical circumstances of user consumption service requirements, etc., were also taken into account on the basis of extensive investigation, testing, and verification.……展开更多
According to the prime task of ''readjusting industrial structure,energetically developing service industry, completing service standards and promoting servicelevel'', which are raised in the 10th Five...According to the prime task of ''readjusting industrial structure,energetically developing service industry, completing service standards and promoting servicelevel'', which are raised in the 10th Five-Year Plan Outline of National Economy and SocialDevelopment, Standardization Administration of China (SAC), National Development and ReformCommission, Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People'' s Republic of China, Ministry of Constructionof P.R.C, Ministry of Commerce of the People''s Republic of China, Ministry of Culture of the People''s Republic of China, the People''s Bank of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C (AQSIQ), the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television,State General Administration of Sport, National Tourism Administration, China Seismological Bureau,China Meteorological Administration, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, State Post Bureau, StateCultural Relics, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau, China NationalTechnical Committee 264 on Service of Standardization Administration of China, China Consumers''Association and China National Institute of Standardization had compiled and officially ratified theDevelopment Planning of National Service Standard 2005-2008 by the end of 2005.展开更多
基金Research Result of the Chongqing University of Science and Technology Graduate Innovation Program Project“Research on the Development of Senior Study Travel Products in Chongqing Based on the Enhancement of Happiness”(Project No.YKJCX2320903)。
文摘Senior study travel,as an emerging form of tourism,combines the dual characteristics of educational learning and leisure travel.It not only meets the elderly’s desire for spiritual and cultural life and self-fulfillment but also promotes the construction of a healthy aging society.This study comprehensively uses methods such as literature analysis,interviews,and case studies to analyze the current status and existing problems of the senior study travel market.Based on the 7Ps service marketing model,it explores service marketing strategies for the senior study travel market,aiming to provide reference and guidance for related tourism enterprises to supply more attractive senior study travel services.
基金supported by the undergraduate scientific research and innovation project of Capital Medical University (No.XSKY2020078).
文摘Background:The Internet plus nursing service program is being piloted in China,which has become a new home nursing service model led by nurses.To enable safe and effective homecare service delivery,nurses working in the program need a high level of competency.However,the content of these core competencies and the training needs of nurses for Internet plus nursing services are still unknown.Aim:To describe nurses’perceptions of core competencies and training needs to work in the Internet plus nursing service program,thereby providing a reference for the development of training programs.Methods:A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews was conducted on 15 nurses with experience of working in the Internet plus nursing service program.Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim,and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results:Core competencies involved comprehensive assessment competence,direct care practice competence,health education and consulting competence,risk estimation and response competence,and communication competence.Training needs involved complex operational items,knowledge of chronic disease management,professional communication,risk identification and response,nursing standards,norms,and procedures,and utilization of information technology.Conclusions:The training system may be developed based on nurses’core competencies and their training needs to promote professional development of the Internet plus nursing service.
基金supported by The Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Health and Family Planning Commission Foundation of China(No.Z20180913)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the health service demands and to analyze influencing factors among elderly people based on a community survey in Guilin,China.Methods:A random sampling was used to investigate 366 elderly people in a community using a Health-Care-Needs questionnaire,which was designed by The Western Nursing Alliance research team in China.This survey was used to understand the basic situation,financial condition,health condition,self-care abilities,pension plan,and care services demands of the elderly residing at home.Additionally,this article analyzed the influencing factors contributing to the obtained results.Results:The top 3 nursing needs were security needs(1.61±0.45 points),health education needs(1.54±0.57 points),and respect and self-development needs(1.13±0.64 points).Logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that gender,monthly income,lack of exercise,activities of daily living(ADL)scores,methods of medical payment,and pension plan were independent factors affecting elderly nursing needs.Conclusions:The home-based health services supply for elders did not meet their needs.Therefore,a comprehensive approach considering multifactors such as gender,income,exercise,self-care ability,medical expense payments,and supporting preferences should be considered to address the complex needs of health care.
文摘In the strategic context of rural revitalization,optimizing the quality of agricultural statistical services is a crucial element for advancing agricultural modernization and sustainable rural economic development.This paper focuses on the significance of enhancing agricultural statistical service quality under the backdrop of rural revitalization.It addresses current issues such as inadequate implementation of agricultural statistical survey systems,an imperfect data quality control system,and a shortage of statistical service personnel.Proposals are made to improve the statistical survey system,enhance the data quality control framework,and strengthen personnel training.These pathways offer references for elevating the quality of agricultural statistical services and implementing the rural revitalization strategy in the new era.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.(NSFC,71373090,‘Study on the gatekeeper policy of CHS’)
文摘The gatekeeper policy has been implemented for approximately ten years on a pilot population in China. It is necessary to assess the satisfaction of patients utilizing community health service(CHS) under the gatekeeper system. Our study showed that the cognition of gatekeeper policy was associated with four dimensions including doctor‐patient relationships, information and support, organization of care, and accessibility(P 〈 0.001). One or more factors such as gender and self‐perceived health scores also affected their satisfaction. General practitioners must be prepared to focus on these aspects of information and support, organization of care, and accessibility as indicators of potential opportunities for improvement. Additionally, policymakers can improve patients' satisfaction with CHS by strengthening their awareness of the gatekeeper policy.
基金partially supported by the European Commission in project Robot-Era under contract FP7-288899
文摘Systems for ambient assisted living(AAL) that integrate service robots with sensor networks and user monitoring can help elderly people with their daily activities, allowing them to stay in their homes and live active lives for as long as possible. In this paper, we outline the AAL system currently developed in the European project Robot-Era, and describe the engineering aspects and the serviceoriented software architecture of the domestic robot, a service robot with advanced manipulation capabilities. Based on the robot operating system(ROS) middleware, our software integrates a large set of advanced algorithms for navigation, perception, and manipulation. In tests with real end users, the performance and acceptability of the platform are evaluated.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DL13BAX10)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(QC2013C037)the assisted project by Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Funds for Scientific Research Initiation(LBH-Q13006)
文摘By the contingent value method, we studied the non-use value of wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve (HNNR) in Heilongjiang Pro- vince, northeast China. The proportion of respondents willing to pay (WTP) for protection of HNNR was 63 %. The WTP ratio was affected by geographical area, contact nature, personal preferences, and familiar degree of the respondents. The WTP value was affected by age, education level and career of the respondents. The mainly reasons for people rejecting to pay for protecting HNNR were "I am not familiar to HNNR" and "I had no capacity for additional spending because of low income". Weighted average individual WTP value was CNY 59.26 Yuan ind.^-1 year^-1 for all the respondents with WTP. The total non-use ecosystem service value of HNNR was CNY 1430 million Yuan in 2013. The heritage value was highest followed by existence value and option value. From the high ecosystem service value in HNNR, it is very important to construct nature reserve for protecting natural ecosystems and human sustainable use of natural resources.
文摘The goal of this study was to determine whether or not older adults who utilized community nutrition services were more or less able to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), or Physical Activities (PA) than non-users. In surveying older adults aged 60 - 103 (n = 1065), it was determined that service users were older, frailer, living alone, and less able to perform ADLs, IADLs, or PAs than non-users. However, within the non-service user group, a subset of nonusers was identified as those who were infirm, malnourished, less active, and unable to perform ADLs. Both users and non-users of community nutrition programs would benefit greatly, with services recalibrated to serve these community-dwelling, but needy older adults.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.
文摘This article discusses the security of the NGN service platform in terms of the open service interface and service deployment. It thinks that security of the open service interface can be solved by adding the service access gateway and service management platform. The service access gateway provides security features to the open service interface concerning ID authentication, authorization, audit, encryption and integrity protection. For service deployment, its security can be solved by issuing related user digital certificates, deploying a firewall or an intrusion detection system, implementing load control, managing users' home location and displaying users' real-time IP addresses.
文摘The purposes of this study were to establish a school support service model for students with disabilities in general classroom, and to explore the current status of school support services provided for students with disabilities in preschools, primary, and junior high schools. Therefore, this study used data from the Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study in Taiwan, collected in the 2007-2008 academic year. There were 2,924 students with disabilities selected in the study who were placed in general classrooms; 855 were in preschool, 1,079 were in primary school and 990 were in junior high school. The questionnaires in the database were answered by their teachers. The results of this study are listed, as follows: In terms of the school support service model for students with disabilities in the three stages of education, adjustment in teaching accounts for 1-15% of the explanatory power regarding the overall model, while support services account for 63-85%, which peak in junior high schools. Secondly, itinerant teachers are found to be the most important human resource in preschools. For primary and junior high schools, parents and special education teachers are the more prevalent influences. The more common school support services are tuition refunds, itinerant services, adjustments in examinations, and scholarships.
文摘In the contemporary digital age,traditional reading habits have been compromised by digital media,a situation that has forced academic libraries to adopt proactive marketing approaches to promote reading among students and faculty.This article investigates the implementation of marketing strategies in promoting reading activities within academic libraries,taking the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology as a case study.The paper explores various marketing strategies employed by academic libraries,including market segmentation,utilization of new media platforms,and the creation of personalized content for readers.Drawing from an extensive literature review and real-world examples,the study establishes a framework for marketing reading promotion activities tailored to academic libraries.These findings underscore how effective marketing strategies can enhance user participation,expand library influence,and optimize resource utilization.
文摘In the different stages of the development of the old-age service, the responsibility and function of the government will be different. In the new period, the government should redefine its role in advancing the socialization of the old-age service. The level of socialization of old-age services is not high, the lack of vitality of the pension market, the imperfect system and other problems arise because the government is not clear. The government should deal with the relationship between the main body of the market and avoid the 'double failure' of the government and the market. The government should play a guiding role in the policy, laws and regulations and other aspects of good service work for the social services of the elderly to provide a good development environment.
文摘 CAS 132-2006 formulation background and work courses
Flat panel display technology is maturing alongside the development of science and technology. The prices of flat panel display TV sets are becoming lower and lower. Flat panel display TV sets have begun entering the mainstream and are now the first choice of some consumers when making new TV purchases.Display TV Set Installation Service Point Explanation and AnalysisRepair, Retreat and Change Duty Stipulations. Peculiar use conditions, usage environments, and the practical circumstances of user consumption service requirements, etc., were also taken into account on the basis of extensive investigation, testing, and verification.……
文摘According to the prime task of ''readjusting industrial structure,energetically developing service industry, completing service standards and promoting servicelevel'', which are raised in the 10th Five-Year Plan Outline of National Economy and SocialDevelopment, Standardization Administration of China (SAC), National Development and ReformCommission, Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People'' s Republic of China, Ministry of Constructionof P.R.C, Ministry of Commerce of the People''s Republic of China, Ministry of Culture of the People''s Republic of China, the People''s Bank of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C (AQSIQ), the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television,State General Administration of Sport, National Tourism Administration, China Seismological Bureau,China Meteorological Administration, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, State Post Bureau, StateCultural Relics, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau, China NationalTechnical Committee 264 on Service of Standardization Administration of China, China Consumers''Association and China National Institute of Standardization had compiled and officially ratified theDevelopment Planning of National Service Standard 2005-2008 by the end of 2005.