We developed an inversion technique to determine in situ stresses for elliptical boreholes of arbitrary trajectory. In this approach, borehole geometry, drilling-induced fracture information, and other available leak-...We developed an inversion technique to determine in situ stresses for elliptical boreholes of arbitrary trajectory. In this approach, borehole geometry, drilling-induced fracture information, and other available leak-off test data were used to construct a mathematical model, which was in turn applied to finding the inverse of an overdetermined system of equations.The method has been demonstrated by a case study in the Appalachian Basin, USA. The calculated horizontal stresses are in reasonable agreement with the reported regional stress study of the area, although there are no field measurement data of the studied well for direct calibration. The results also indicate that 2% of axis difference in the elliptical borehole geometry can cause a 5% difference in minimum horizontal stress calculation and a 10% difference in maximum horizontal stress calculation.展开更多
Recently,the Institute for Radiological protection and Nuclear Safety(IRSN)has launched VSEAL(Vertical SEALing)project to investigate the impact of gas migration on the long-term performance of bentonite based vertica...Recently,the Institute for Radiological protection and Nuclear Safety(IRSN)has launched VSEAL(Vertical SEALing)project to investigate the impact of gas migration on the long-term performance of bentonite based vertical sealing systems(VSS).The first VSEAL in situ test was emplaced in IRSN’s Underground Research Laboratory(URL)in Tournemire(France)in 2019 and was equipped with 76 wired and wireless sensors.The test is still in progress,but the collected set of data provides already valuable information of the hydro-mechanical behavior of VSS during hydration.The swelling core consists of a mixture of highdensity pellets and powder of MX80 bentonite in a ratio of 80/20(in dry mass).An innovative method was adopted to drill a 1-m diameter and w10-m deep shaft in order to minimize the rock perturbation at the sidewalls.Because a specific protocol was adopted to install the bentonite mixture together with a careful characterization of the core during construction,VSEAL 1 constitutes the unique in situ sealing test with a well-known initial structural distribution of the pellets and the powder.Some heterogeneities occurred within the experiment during the installation process:a damaged zone developed around the shaft walls due to the interruption of the installation operations caused by COVID19 lockdown in France;a technological gap with a variable thickness between the last pellets layer and the top confining lid and a heterogeneous distribution of the bentonite powder at some layers inducing large inter pellets voids close to the bentonite-rock interface.Artificially injected water volume,relative humidity,water content and swelling pressure in both radial and axial directions were monitored.Comparison of the results showed that the presence of installation-induced heterogeneities led to the generation of preferential flow paths that influenced the swelling pressure evolution at radial and axial directions.展开更多
Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic neurons,the most abundant inhibitory neurons in the human brain,have been found to be reduced in many neurological disorders,including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's dis...Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic neurons,the most abundant inhibitory neurons in the human brain,have been found to be reduced in many neurological disorders,including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia.Our previous study identified the upregulation of microRNA-502-3p(miR-502-3p)and downregulation of GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 in Alzheimer's disease synapses.This study investigated a new molecular relationship between miR-502-3p and GABAergic synapse function.In vitro studies were perfo rmed using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and miR-502-3p agomiRs and antagomiRs.In silico analysis identified multiple binding sites of miR-502-3p at GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 mRNA.Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-502-3p targets the GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 gene and suppresses the luciferase activity.Furthermore,quantitative reve rse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,miRNA in situ hybridization,immunoblotting,and immunostaining analysis confirmed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 level,while suppression of miR-502-3p increased the level of GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 protein.Notably,as a result of the overexpression of miR-502-3p,cell viability was found to be reduced,and the population of necrotic cells was found to be increased.The whole cell patch-clamp analysis of human-GABA receptor A-α1/β3/γ2L human embryonic kidney(HEK)recombinant cell line also showed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA current and overall GABA function,suggesting a negative correlation between miR-502-3p levels and GABAergic synapse function.Additionally,the levels of proteins associated with Alzheimer s disease were high with miR-502-3p overexpression and reduced with miR-502-3p suppression.The present study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of regulation of GABAergic synapses by miR-502-3p.We propose that micro-RNA,in particular miR-502-3p,could be a potential therapeutic to rget to modulate GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders,including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's diseaserelated dementia.展开更多
The effects of temperature and wavelength choice on in-situ dissolution test instrument of Cimetidine were studied. Absorbance （A）〈 1.0 is required when using a fiber-optic dissolution test system. The detection wa...The effects of temperature and wavelength choice on in-situ dissolution test instrument of Cimetidine were studied. Absorbance （A）〈 1.0 is required when using a fiber-optic dissolution test system. The detection wavelength of 2 （218 nm） was replaced by 244 nm to carry out this test. The absorbance of Cimetidine solution at different temperature showed an obvious change. Calibration of Cimetidine solution should be tested at the same temperature （37° C） with the test solution. A suitable wavelength with smaller tangent slope could be chosen for in-situ dissolution test of Cimetidine tablets.展开更多
To simulate the fatigue characteristics of the pile-board structure under long-term dynamic load, using the in-situ dynamic testing system DTS-1, the forced vibration loading was repeated one million times at differen...To simulate the fatigue characteristics of the pile-board structure under long-term dynamic load, using the in-situ dynamic testing system DTS-1, the forced vibration loading was repeated one million times at different cross-sections of the pile-board structure for high-speed railway. The dynamic deformation, permanent deformation and dynamic stress of main reinforcements were measured. The test results show that the dynamic responses of the pile-board structure almost did not vary with the forced vibration times under the simulated trainload. After one million times of forced vibration, the permanent deformations of the midspan section of intermediate span and midspan section of side span were 0.7 mm and 0. 6 mm, respectively, and there was no accumulative plastic deformation at the bearing section of intermediate span.展开更多
Double packer equipment for hydraulic test can be used to measure pressure of test zone directly, and it is frequently used to perform many kinds of hydraulic tests and take groundwater sample from borehole. The test ...Double packer equipment for hydraulic test can be used to measure pressure of test zone directly, and it is frequently used to perform many kinds of hydraulic tests and take groundwater sample from borehole. The test method of this equipment mainly includes the test design, implementation, interpretation and synthetic analysis. By adopting the double packer equipment for hydraulic test, the parameter distribution of rock permeability along borehole can be acquired, as well as the connectivity, water conductivity and water bearing capacity of the disclosed structure and the chemical characteristics of the deep groundwater. It is a necessary method for the research and evaluation of the complex hypotonicity terrace site selection under geological conditions. This method is not only suitable for the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste, but also can be used in the site selection of underground facilities such as storage of petroleum and carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, it has a good application prospect in other hydrogeological investigation fields.展开更多
The in situ shear test and in-lab triaxial shear test on compacted rockfill of Fuling safety embankment were carried out and their advantages and disadvantages were compared. The discreteness of cohesive force C and i...The in situ shear test and in-lab triaxial shear test on compacted rockfill of Fuling safety embankment were carried out and their advantages and disadvantages were compared. The discreteness of cohesive force C and internal frictional angle by in situ shear test is much severer than that by in-lab triaxial shear test. The consolidation of in-lab triaxial shear test is bigger than actual consolidation in rockfill engineerings, so the confining pressure should be reduced to a low level in-lab triaxial shear test.展开更多
基金support of the United States Department of Energy (DE-FE0026825, UCFER-University Coalition for Fossil Energy Research)
文摘We developed an inversion technique to determine in situ stresses for elliptical boreholes of arbitrary trajectory. In this approach, borehole geometry, drilling-induced fracture information, and other available leak-off test data were used to construct a mathematical model, which was in turn applied to finding the inverse of an overdetermined system of equations.The method has been demonstrated by a case study in the Appalachian Basin, USA. The calculated horizontal stresses are in reasonable agreement with the reported regional stress study of the area, although there are no field measurement data of the studied well for direct calibration. The results also indicate that 2% of axis difference in the elliptical borehole geometry can cause a 5% difference in minimum horizontal stress calculation and a 10% difference in maximum horizontal stress calculation.
文摘Recently,the Institute for Radiological protection and Nuclear Safety(IRSN)has launched VSEAL(Vertical SEALing)project to investigate the impact of gas migration on the long-term performance of bentonite based vertical sealing systems(VSS).The first VSEAL in situ test was emplaced in IRSN’s Underground Research Laboratory(URL)in Tournemire(France)in 2019 and was equipped with 76 wired and wireless sensors.The test is still in progress,but the collected set of data provides already valuable information of the hydro-mechanical behavior of VSS during hydration.The swelling core consists of a mixture of highdensity pellets and powder of MX80 bentonite in a ratio of 80/20(in dry mass).An innovative method was adopted to drill a 1-m diameter and w10-m deep shaft in order to minimize the rock perturbation at the sidewalls.Because a specific protocol was adopted to install the bentonite mixture together with a careful characterization of the core during construction,VSEAL 1 constitutes the unique in situ sealing test with a well-known initial structural distribution of the pellets and the powder.Some heterogeneities occurred within the experiment during the installation process:a damaged zone developed around the shaft walls due to the interruption of the installation operations caused by COVID19 lockdown in France;a technological gap with a variable thickness between the last pellets layer and the top confining lid and a heterogeneous distribution of the bentonite powder at some layers inducing large inter pellets voids close to the bentonite-rock interface.Artificially injected water volume,relative humidity,water content and swelling pressure in both radial and axial directions were monitored.Comparison of the results showed that the presence of installation-induced heterogeneities led to the generation of preferential flow paths that influenced the swelling pressure evolution at radial and axial directions.
基金supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA)National Institutes of Health (NIH)+3 种基金Nos.K99AG065645,R00AG065645R00AG065645-04S1 (to SK)NIH research grants,NINDS,No.R01 NS115834NINDS/NIA,No.R01 NS115834-02S1 (to LG)。
文摘Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic neurons,the most abundant inhibitory neurons in the human brain,have been found to be reduced in many neurological disorders,including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia.Our previous study identified the upregulation of microRNA-502-3p(miR-502-3p)and downregulation of GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 in Alzheimer's disease synapses.This study investigated a new molecular relationship between miR-502-3p and GABAergic synapse function.In vitro studies were perfo rmed using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and miR-502-3p agomiRs and antagomiRs.In silico analysis identified multiple binding sites of miR-502-3p at GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 mRNA.Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-502-3p targets the GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 gene and suppresses the luciferase activity.Furthermore,quantitative reve rse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,miRNA in situ hybridization,immunoblotting,and immunostaining analysis confirmed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 level,while suppression of miR-502-3p increased the level of GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 protein.Notably,as a result of the overexpression of miR-502-3p,cell viability was found to be reduced,and the population of necrotic cells was found to be increased.The whole cell patch-clamp analysis of human-GABA receptor A-α1/β3/γ2L human embryonic kidney(HEK)recombinant cell line also showed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA current and overall GABA function,suggesting a negative correlation between miR-502-3p levels and GABAergic synapse function.Additionally,the levels of proteins associated with Alzheimer s disease were high with miR-502-3p overexpression and reduced with miR-502-3p suppression.The present study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of regulation of GABAergic synapses by miR-502-3p.We propose that micro-RNA,in particular miR-502-3p,could be a potential therapeutic to rget to modulate GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders,including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's diseaserelated dementia.
基金the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Fund (No.2011211A041) Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan (No.200910107)
文摘The effects of temperature and wavelength choice on in-situ dissolution test instrument of Cimetidine were studied. Absorbance （A）〈 1.0 is required when using a fiber-optic dissolution test system. The detection wavelength of 2 （218 nm） was replaced by 244 nm to carry out this test. The absorbance of Cimetidine solution at different temperature showed an obvious change. Calibration of Cimetidine solution should be tested at the same temperature （37° C） with the test solution. A suitable wavelength with smaller tangent slope could be chosen for in-situ dissolution test of Cimetidine tablets.
基金Key Subject for Science Research and De-velopment Plan of Railway Ministry (No.2006G004-B)
文摘To simulate the fatigue characteristics of the pile-board structure under long-term dynamic load, using the in-situ dynamic testing system DTS-1, the forced vibration loading was repeated one million times at different cross-sections of the pile-board structure for high-speed railway. The dynamic deformation, permanent deformation and dynamic stress of main reinforcements were measured. The test results show that the dynamic responses of the pile-board structure almost did not vary with the forced vibration times under the simulated trainload. After one million times of forced vibration, the permanent deformations of the midspan section of intermediate span and midspan section of side span were 0.7 mm and 0. 6 mm, respectively, and there was no accumulative plastic deformation at the bearing section of intermediate span.
文摘Double packer equipment for hydraulic test can be used to measure pressure of test zone directly, and it is frequently used to perform many kinds of hydraulic tests and take groundwater sample from borehole. The test method of this equipment mainly includes the test design, implementation, interpretation and synthetic analysis. By adopting the double packer equipment for hydraulic test, the parameter distribution of rock permeability along borehole can be acquired, as well as the connectivity, water conductivity and water bearing capacity of the disclosed structure and the chemical characteristics of the deep groundwater. It is a necessary method for the research and evaluation of the complex hypotonicity terrace site selection under geological conditions. This method is not only suitable for the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste, but also can be used in the site selection of underground facilities such as storage of petroleum and carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, it has a good application prospect in other hydrogeological investigation fields.
基金SupportedbyChongqingScienceandTechnologyCommittee (No .2 0 0 1 74 2 9)andWesternCommunicationsProjectofMinistryofCommunications
文摘The in situ shear test and in-lab triaxial shear test on compacted rockfill of Fuling safety embankment were carried out and their advantages and disadvantages were compared. The discreteness of cohesive force C and internal frictional angle by in situ shear test is much severer than that by in-lab triaxial shear test. The consolidation of in-lab triaxial shear test is bigger than actual consolidation in rockfill engineerings, so the confining pressure should be reduced to a low level in-lab triaxial shear test.
基金Project(2023YFC2907600)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(52204260,42277174,42177130)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金Project(BX20220341)supported by the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative TalentsProject(2022M713382)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZR2020JQ23)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,ChinaProject(2022JCCXSB03)supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
