ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR β(TGF-β)IN REPAIRING OF BONE DEFECTS

TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates many aspects of cellular function, including periosteal mesenchymal cell proliferation, differentiation. This experiment is to study its effects on bone defect repair. A rabbit radial bone defect model was used to evaluate the effect of TGF-β, which was extracted and purified from bovine blood platelets, on the healing of a large segmental osteoperiosteal defect. A 1. 5-centimeter segmental defect was created in the mid-upper part of the radial shaft of adult rabbits. The defect was filled with implant containing TGF-β that consisted of carrier and bovine TGF-β. Limbs served as controls received carrier alone. The defectswere examined radiographically and histologically at 4, 8,12 , 16 and 20 weeks after implantation. The results showed that in TGF-β implant group . the defect areas at 12 weeks post operation were bridged by uniform new bone and the cut ends of cortex could not be seen;while in control group, the defects remained clear. Only a small amount of new bone formed as a cap on the cut bone ends. In the experimental group, new lamellar and woven bone formed in continuity with the cut ends of the cortex. An early medullar canal appears to be forming and contained normal-appearancing marrow elements; while the control group displayed entirely fibrous tissue within the defect site. Remnants of the cancellous bone carrier were observed in the control specimen. These data demonstrate that exogenous TGF-β initiate osteogenesis and stimulate the bone defects repair in animal model.

Effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on repairing the periodontal bone of Beagle canines

Objective:To investigate the repairing effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)on the Beagle canines periodontal bone defect.Methods:A total of 12 Beagle dogs with periodontal bone defect model were randomly divided into control group,LIPUS group,guided tissue regeneration(GTR)group and LIPUS+GTR group,with three in each.After completion of the models,no other proceeding was performed in control group;LIPUS group adopt direct exposure to radiation line LIPUS processing 1 week after modeling;GTR group adopted treatment with GTR,following the CTR standard operation reference;LIPUS+GTR group was treated with LIPUS joint GTR.Temperature change before treatment and histopathological change of periodontal tissue after repair was observed.Results:There was no significant difference in temperature changes of periodontal tissue between groups(P>0.05).The amount and maturity of LIPUS+GTR group were superior to other groups;new cementum,dental periodontal bones of GTR group were superior to the control group but less than LIPUS group;new collagen and maturity of the control group is not high relatively.Conclusions:LIPUS can accelerate the calcium salt deposition and new bone maturation,thus it can serve as promoting periodontal tissue repair,and shortening the periodontal tissue repair time.

Structural bone allografts with intramedullary vascularized fibular autografts for the treatment of massive bone defects in extremities

Objective:To report the clinical outcome of repairing massive bone defects biologically in limbs by homeochronous using structural bone allografts with intramedullary vascularized fibular autografts. Methods: From January 2001 to December 2005, large bone defects in 19 patients (11 men and 8 women, aged 6 to 35 years) were repaired by structural bone allografts with intramedullary vascularized fibular autografts in the homeochronous period. The range of the length of bone defects was 11 to 25 cm (mean 17.6 cm), length of vascularized free fibular was 15 to 29 cm (mean 19.2 cm), length of massive bone allografts was 11 to 24 cm (mean 17.1 cm). Location of massive bone defects was in humerus(n=1), in femur(n=9) and in tibia(n=9), respectively. Results: After 9 to 69 months (mean 38.2 months) follow-up, wounds of donor and recipient sites were healed inⅠstage, monitoring-flaps were alive, eject reaction of massive bone allografts were slight, no complications in donor limbs. Fifteen patients had the evidence of radiographic union 3 to 6 months after surgery, 3 cases united 8 months later, and the remained one case of malignant synovioma in distal femur recurred and amputated the leg 2.5 months, postoperatively. Five patients had been removed internal fixation, complete bone unions were found one year postoperatively. None of massive bone allografts were absorbed or collapsed at last follow-up. Conclusion: The homeochronous usage of structural bone allograft with an intramedullary vascularized fibular autograft can biologically obtain a structure with the immediate mechanical strength of the allograft, a potential result of revascularization through the vascularized fibula, and accelerate bone union not only between fibular autograft and the host but also between massive bone allograft and the host.

Propofol promotes spinal cord injury repair by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

Propofol is a neuroprotective anesthetic. Whether propofol can promote spinal cord injury repair by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells remains poorly understood. We used rats to investigate spinal cord injury repair using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation combined with propofol administration via the tail vein. Rat spinal cord injury was clearly alleviated; a large number of newborn non-myelinated and myelinated nerve fibers appeared in the spinal cord, the numbers of CM-Dil-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and fluorogold-labeled nerve fibers were increased and hindlimb motor function of spinal cord-injured rats was markedly improved. These improvements were more prominent in rats subjected to bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation combined with propofol administration than in rats receiving monotherapy. These results indicate that propofol can enhance the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on spinal cord injury in rats.

Role of transforming growth factor P and bone morphogenetic protein composite on repair of bone defects

Objective: To study the effect of transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) composite on healing of large segmental bone defects and the interaction between TGF-β and BMP.Methods: A 1. 5-centimeter segmental defect was created in the mid-upper part of the radial shaft of adultrabbit. The defects were filled with implant of TGF-β/carrier, BMP/carrier and TGF-a/BMP/carrier, respectively. Purified bovine TGF-β 120 μg and BMP 12 mg were used in the composite. The defects were examined radiographically and histologically at 4, 8. 12 and 16 weeks post-operation (PO). Results: In groupof TGF-β/carrier, the defect areas were bridged at 4 weeks PO, with material of uniform radiodensity. Conices of the cut ends were obscured by the new bone. By 16 weeks PO, the defects were bridged by uniformnew bone and the cut ends of cortex could not be seen in all groups. In group of BMP/carrier, the defectswere filled with more irregular woven callus in comparison with the other two groups. The TGF-β/BMP--implanted defect sites in animals killed at 16 weeks PO showed histologically new larnellar and woven bone,formed in continuity with the cut ends of the cortex. The medullar cavity was recanalized and contained marrow elements with normal appearance. ConClUsion: These data demonstrate the synergistic action betweenTGF-β and BMP in the process of bone healing, and the better effect of TGF-β/BMP composite than that ofsingle TGF-β or BMP on bone repair.

Doxycycline induces bone repair and changes in Wnt signalling

Doxycycline （DOX） exhibits anti-inflammatory and MMP inhibitory properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of DOX on alveolar bone repair. Controls （CTL） and DOX-treated （10 and 25 mg. kg- 1） molars were extracted, and rats were killed 7 or 14 days later. The maxillae were processed and subjected to histological and immunohistochemical assays. Hematoxylin-eosin staining （7th day） revealed inflammation in the CTL group that was partly reversed after DOX treatment. On the 14th day, the CTL group exhibited bone neoformation, conjunctive tissue, re-epithelization and the absence of inflammatory infiltrate. DOX-treated groups exhibited complete re-epithelization, tissue remodelling and almost no inflammation. Picrosirius red staining in the DOXlO group （7th and 14th days） revealed an increased percentage of type I and III collagen fibres compared with the CTL and DOX25 groups. The DOXlO and DOX25 groups exhibited increases in osteoblasts on the 7th and 14th days. However, there were fewer osteoclasts in the DOXlO and DOX25 groups on the 7th and 14th days. Wnt-lOb- immunopositive cells increased by 130% and 150% on the 7th and 14th days, respectively, in DOX-treated groups compared with the CTL group. On the 7th day, Dickkopf （Dkk）-I immunostaining was decreased by 63% and 46% in the DOXlO and DOX25 groups, respectively. On the 14th day, 69% and 42% decreases in immunopositive cells were observed in the DOXlO and DOX25 groups, respectively, compared with the CTL group. By increasing osteoblasts, decreasing osteoclasts, activating Wnt lOb and neutralising Dkk, DOX is a potential candidate for bone repair in periodontal diseases.

阿托伐他汀促进大鼠牙槽骨缺损愈合及对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀对大鼠牙槽骨缺损的治疗作用,并观察对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响。方法:30只大鼠随机分为正常组(N组)、模型组(M组)与阿托伐他汀给药组(ATV组),除N组外,其余大鼠均在牙槽骨处制造缺口,构建牙槽骨缺损模型。建模成功后,ATV组灌胃20 mg/kg阿托伐他汀混悬液,N组和M组灌胃等量羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,连续给药21天。末次给药后,尾静脉采血,检测血清骨保护素(OPG)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和骨钙素(BPG)浓度。H-E染色观察上颌骨缺损区组织变化情况,并进行Lane Sandhu评分。以抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色检测缺损区破骨细胞数目,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)与蛋白免疫印迹(WB)法检测缺损区分泌型糖蛋白(Wnt)、β连锁蛋白(β-catenin)和RUNT相关转录因子2(Runx2)mRNA及蛋白表达量。采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:与N组相比,M组OPG、ALP和BGP浓度与Lane Sandhu评分降低,破骨细胞数增多。与M组相比,ATV组OPG、ALP和BGP浓度与Lane Sandhu评分上升,破骨细胞数减少。H-E染色可见,N组上颌骨缺损区的骨形成量较多,M组缺损区骨组织较少,ATV组缺损区骨组织量增加。与N组相比,M组上颌骨缺损区Wnt、β-catenin和Runx2 mRNA和蛋白表达量降低。与M组相比,ATV组上颌骨缺损区的Wnt、β-catenin和Runx2 mRNA和蛋白表达量增加。结论:阿托伐他汀可促进牙槽骨缺损模型大鼠牙槽骨缺损愈合,加快缺损处骨重建,该作用可能与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路激活有关。

Bone Regeneration Enhanced by Antigen-Extracted Xenogeneic Cancellous Bone Graft with rhBMP-2 in Rabbits Mandibular Defect Repair

The effects of large piece xenogeneic bone which was separated from healthy pigs as a scaffold on repair of mandibular defect was investigated and the applicability of antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone (AXCB) soaked with rhBMP-2 in bone defect repair was assessed. Mandibular defects were created in 48 New Zealand Rabbits, and then randomly divided into 4 groups, which was grafted in the mandibular defects with AXCB, AXCB soaked with rhBMP-2, autograft bone, or blank. Equal number of animals from each group was classified into three time points (4, 8, and 12 weeks) after operation for gross pathological observation, hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, radiographic examination, and bone density measurement. H & E staining revealed that the area percentage of bone regeneration in the group of AXCB/rhBMP-2 graft was 27.72 ± 4.68, 53.90 ± 21.92, and 77.35 ± 9.83 when at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, which was better than that of auto bone graft, prompting that the group of AXCB/rhBMP-2 graft had commendable osteogenic effect. And comparing with the AXCB without rhBMP-2, of which the area percentage of bone regeneration was only 14.03 ± 5.02, 28.49 ± 11.35, and 53.90 ± 21.92, the osteogenic effect of AXCB/rhBMP-2 graft was demonstrated to be much better. In the group of AXCB/rhBMP-2 graft, the area percentage of bone regeneration increased, and the implanted materials were gradually degraded and replaced by autogenous bone regeneration over time. We concluded that antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone (AXCB) graft soaked with rhBMP-2 had shown excellent osteogenic effect in repair of bone defects, with good biocompability.

The Clinical Application of Human Bone Matrix Gelatin

This paper reports the results of 24 cases of bone defect resulting from bone tumor or tumor condition excision, and of posterior spinal fusion, treated by human bone matrix gelatin. The success rate of bone defect repair and spinal fusion is 91. 67 %. The results suggest that human bone matrix gelatin has. excellent osteoinductive effect and is ideal substitute for bone autografts.

The influence of yttrium and manganese additions on the degradation and biocompatibility of magnesium-zinc-based alloys:In vitro and in vivo studies

The repair and regeneration of bone defects are highly challenging orthopedic problems.Recently,Mg-based implants have gained popularity due to their unique biodegradation and elastic modulus similar to that of human bone.The aim of our study is to develop a magnesium alloy with a controllable degradation that can closely match bone tissue to help injuries heal in vivo and avoid cytotoxicity caused by a sudden increase in ion concentration.In this study,we prepared and modified Mg-3Zn,Mg-3Zn-1Y,and Mg-2Zn-1Mn by hot extrusion,and used Mg-2.5Y-2.5Nd was as a control.We then investigated the effect of additions of Y and Mn on alloys'properties.Our results show that Mn and Y can improve not only compression strength but also corrosion resistance.The alloy Mg-2Zn-1Mn demonstrated good cytocompatibility in vitro,and for this reason we selected it for implantation in vivo.The degraded Mg-2Zn-1Mn implanted a bone defect area did not cause obvious rejection and inflammatory reaction,and the degradation products left no signs of damage to the heart,liver,kidney,or brain.Furthermore,we find that Mg-2Zn-1Mn can promote an osteoinductive response in vivo and the formation of bone regeneration.

Methacrylated gelatin and platelet-rich plasma based hydrogels promote regeneration of critical-sized bone defects

Physiological repair of large-sized bone defects requires instructive scaffolds with appropriate mechanical properties,biocompatibility,biodegradability,vasculogenic ability and osteo-inductivity.The objective of this study was to fabricate in situ injectable hydrogels using platelet-rich plasma(PRP)-loaded gelatin methacrylate(GM)and employ them for the regeneration of large-sized bone defects.We performed various biological assays as well as assessed the mechanical properties of GM@PRP hydrogels alongside evaluating the release kinetics of growth factors(GFs)from hydrogels.The GM@PRP hydrogels manifested sufficient mechanical properties to support the filling of the tissue defects.For biofunction assay,the GM@PRP hydrogels significantly improved cell migration and angiogenesis.Especially,transcriptome RNA sequencing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived stem cells were performed to delineate vascularization and biomineralization abilities of GM@PRP hydrogels.The GM@PRP hydrogels were subcutaneously implanted in rats for up to 4 weeks for preliminary biocompatibility followed by their transplantation into a tibial defect model for up to 8 weeks in rats.Tibial defects treated with GM@PRP hydrogels manifested significant bone regeneration as well as angiogenesis,biomineralization,and collagen deposition.Based on the biocompatibility and biological function of GM@PRP hydrogels,a new strategy is provided for the regenerative repair of large-size bone defects.

One-Stage Repair and Reconstruction of Craniomaxillofacial Bone Defects

Objective: Severe craniomaxillofacial injuries and craniomaxillofacial tumors can lead to craniomaxillofacial bone defects and deformities. Seriously affect the patients’ appearance and quality of life. So one-stage repair and reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects is of great significance. The current study summarizes the clinical experience of one-stage repair and reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Material and Methods: Data in one-stage repair and reconstruction of?craniomaxillofacial bone defects performed on 13 patients were retrospectively analyzed out of 34 patients with?craniomaxillofacial injuries or tumors who received treatment at the outpatient department between January 2002 and March 2011. Surgical indications and approaches were explored after two typical cases were detected. Results: One-stage repair and reconstruction of bone defects was suitable for patients with craniomaxillofacial injuries and excised craniomaxillofacial benign tumors. Adjacent autogenous bones and artificial materials (such as titanium plates, titanium mesh, and so on) work well for the repair of the craniomaxillofacial bone frame and restoration of facial features. Conclusions: Surgical indications should be strictly selected in one-stage repair and reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects and deformities. Furthermore, the adoption of autogenous bones and artificial materials is a good choice in restoring the craniofacial features.

Surgical and immune reconstitution murine models in bone marrow research: Potential for exploring mechanisms in sepsis, trauma and allergy

Bone marrow, the vital organ which maintains lifelong hemopoiesis, currently receives considerable attention, as a source of multiple cell types which may play important roles in repair at distant sites. This emerging function, distinct from, but closely related to, bone marrow roles in innate immunity and inflammation, has been characterized through a number of strategies. However, the use of surgical models in this endeavour has hitherto been limited. Surgical strategies allow the experimenter to predetermine the site, timing, severity and invasiveness of injury; to add or remove aggravating factors(such as infection and defects in immunity) in controlled ways; and to manipulate the context of repair, including reconstitution with selected immune cell subpopulations. This endows surgical models overall with great potential for exploring bone marrow responses to injury, inflammation and infection, and its roles in repair and regeneration. We review three different murine surgical models, which variously combine trauma with infection, antigenic stimulation, or immune reconstitution, thereby illuminating different aspects of the bone marrow response to systemic injury in sepsis, trauma and allergy. They are:(1) cecal ligation and puncture, a versatile model of polymicrobial sepsis;(2) egg white implant, an intriguing model of eosinophilia induced by a combination of trauma and sensitization to insoluble allergen; and(3) ectopic lung tissue transplantation, which allows us to dissect afferent and efferent mechanisms leading to accumulation of hemopoietic cells in the lungs. These models highlight the gain in analytical power provided by the association of surgical and immunological strategies.

Guided bone regeneration in long-bone defect with a bilayer mineralized collagen membrane

Bone regeneration for large,critical-sized bone defects remains a clinical challenge nowadays.Guided bone regeneration(GBR)is a promising technique for the repair of multiple bone defects,which is widely used in oral and maxillofacial bone defects but is still unsatisfied in the treatment of long bone defects.Here,we successfully fabricated a bilayer mineralized collagen/collagen(MC/Col)-GBR membrane with excellent osteoinductive and barrier function by coating the MC particles prepared via in situ biomimetic mineralization process on one side of a sheet-like pure collagen layer.The aim of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and biological functions of the MC/Col film,and to further evaluate its bone regeneration efficiency in large bone defect repair.Fouriertransform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the presence of both hydroxyapatite and collagen phase in the MC/Col film,as well as the chemical interaction between them.stereo microscope,scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope showed the uniform distribution of MC particles in the MC/Col film,resulting in a rougher surface compared to the pure Col film.The quantitative analysis of surface contact angle,light transmittance and tensile strength demonstrated that the MC/Col film have better hydrophilicity,mechanical properties,light-barrier properties,respectively.In vitro macrophage co-culture experiments showed that the MC/Col film can effectively inhibit macrophage proliferation and fusion,reducing fibrous capsule formation.In vivo bone repair assessment of a rabbit critical segmental radial defect proved that the MC/Col film performed better than other groups in promoting bone repair and regeneration due to their unique dual osteoinductive/barrier function.These findings provided evidence that MC/Col film has a great clinical potential for effective bone defect repair.

Biodegradable materials for bone defect repair

Compared with non-degradable materials,biodegradable biomaterials play an increasingly important role in the repairing of severe bone defects,and have attracted extensive attention from researchers.In the treatment of bone defects,scaffolds made of biodegradable materials can provide a crawling bridge for new bone tissue in the gap and a platform for cells and growth factors to play a physiological role,which will eventually be degraded and absorbed in the body and be replaced by the new bone tissue.Traditional biodegradable materials include polymers,ceramics and metals,which have been used in bone defect repairing for many years.Although these materials have more or fewer shortcomings,they are still the cornerstone of our development of a new generation of degradable materials.With the rapid development of modern science and technology,in the 21 st century,more and more kinds of new biodegradable materials emerge in endlessly,such as new intelligent micro-nano materials and cell-based products.At the same time,there are many new fabrication technologies of improving biodegradable materials,such as modular fabrication,3 D and 4 D printing,interface reinforcement and nanotechnology.This review will introduce various kinds of biodegradable materials commonly used in bone defect repairing,especially the newly emerging materials and their fabrication technology in recent years,and look forward to the future research direction,hoping to provide researchers in the field with some inspiration and reference.

Remote control of the recruitment and capture of endogenous stem cells by ultrasound for in situ repair of bone defects

Stem cell-based tissue engineering has provided a promising platform for repairing of bone defects.However,the use of exogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)still faces many challenges such as limited sources and potential risks.It is important to develop new approach to effectively recruit endogenous BMSCs and capture them for in situ bone regeneration.Here,we designed an acoustically responsive scaffold(ARS)and embedded it into SDF-1/BMP-2 loaded hydrogel to obtain biomimetic hydrogel scaffold complexes(BSC).The SDF-1/BMP-2 cytokines can be released on demand from the BSC implanted into the defected bone via pulsed ultrasound(p-US)irradiation at optimized acoustic parameters,recruiting the endogenous BMSCs to the bone defected or BSC site.Accompanied by the daily p-US irradiation for 14 days,the alginate hydrogel was degraded,resulting in the exposure of ARS to these recruited host stem cells.Then another set of sinusoidal continuous wave ultrasound(s-US)irradiation was applied to excite the ARS intrinsic resonance,forming highly localized acoustic field around its surface and generating enhanced acoustic trapping force,by which these recruited endogenous stem cells would be captured on the scaffold,greatly promoting them to adhesively grow for in situ bone tissue regeneration.Our study provides a novel and effective strategy for in situ bone defect repairing through acoustically manipulating endogenous BMSCs.

Preparation and characterization of hemihydrate calcium sulfate-calcium hydroxide composite bone repair materials

Objective:To prepare a bone repair material with certain mechanical strength and biological activity,this paper used calcium sulfate hemihydrate(CSH)powder compounded with calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2)powder to prepare a bone repair scaffold material for physicochemical property characterization and testing.Methods:The physical and chemical properties and characterization of the dried and cured bone repair materials were determined by Fourier infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscopy;Universal material testing machine to determine the mechanical and mechanical strength of composite materials.Results:XRD showed that the structure of the composite material phase at 5%concentration was calcium sulfate hemihydrate and calcium hydroxide after hydration.The FT-IR and XRD analyses were consistent.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)results showed that calcium hydroxide was uniformly dispersed in the hemihydrate calcium sulfate material.0%,1%,5%,and 10%specimen groups had compressive strengths of 3.86±3.1,5.27±1.28,8.22±0.96,and 14.4±3.28 MPa.10%addition of calcium hydroxide significantly improved the mechanical strength of the composites,but also reduced the the porosity of the material.Conclusion:With the addition of calcium hydroxide,the CSH-Ca(OH)2 composite was improved in terms of mechanical material and is expected to be a new type of bone repair material.

Application of advanced platelet-rich fibrin for through-and-through bony defect during endodontic surgery:Three case reports and review of the literature

BACKGROUND The use of advanced platelet-rich fibrin(A-PRF)membranes for guided bone and tissue regeneration in through-and-through defects after endodontic surgery was explored in three cases.CASE SUMMARY Herein,three patients presented to the endodontic clinic suffering from apical periodontitis,associated with large bone resorption and related to previously endodontically treated teeth.Periapical surgery was indicated in these cases and the osteotomy site was covered by A-PRF membrane.Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)was used to assess the cases before and after the surgery.CONCLUSION Four months post-surgery,the recall CBCT scan showed complete obliteration of the osteotomy with newly formed bone.A-PRF membrane showed promising results and was an advantageous addition to surgical endodontic treatment.

脂肪间充质干细胞过表达骨形态发生蛋白2促进骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨缺损修复

背景:颌骨在骨质疏松症中最容易受累,脂肪间充质干细胞和骨形态发生蛋白2具有促进骨质疏松症骨再生的效果,然而骨形态发生蛋白2修饰的脂肪间充质干细胞对骨质疏松症牙槽骨缺损的修复作用鲜有报道。目的:探究过表达骨形态发生蛋白2的脂肪间充质干细胞对骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨缺损的修复作用。方法:①将过表达骨形态发生蛋白2基因的慢病毒感染大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞,通过检测绿色荧光蛋白和骨形态发生蛋白2表达进行鉴定;②切除卵巢建立骨质疏松大鼠模型,于上颌两侧第一磨牙位置制备3 mm×3 mm×3 mm的圆柱形缺损;③假手术组和骨质疏松组大鼠植入明胶海绵,脂肪间充质干细胞组植入空载体慢病毒感染的脂肪间充质干细胞与明胶海绵复合体,过表达骨形态发生蛋白2的脂肪间充质干细胞组植入过表达骨形态发生蛋白2的脂肪间充质干细胞与明胶海绵复合体,1个月后进行相关指标检测。结果与结论:①脂肪间充质干细胞组和过表达骨形态发生蛋白2的脂肪间充质干细胞组转染效率均达到70%以上;与脂肪间充质干细胞组相比,过表达骨形态发生蛋白2的脂肪间充质干细胞组骨形态发生蛋白2蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);②假手术组骨缺损区可见大量新骨生成;与假手术组相比,骨质疏松组有少量新骨生成,新骨面积明显减小,碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素及骨形态发生蛋白2 mRNA和蛋白水平明显降低;与骨质疏松组相比,脂肪间充质干细胞组和过表达骨形态发生蛋白2的脂肪间充质干细胞组有大量新骨生成,新骨面积明显增加,碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素及骨形态发生蛋白2 mRNA和蛋白水平明显升高,且过表达骨形态发生蛋白2的脂肪间充质干细胞组优于脂肪间充质干细胞组(均P<0.05);③结果表明,骨形态发生蛋白2在骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨表达较少,过表达骨形态发生蛋白2的脂肪间充质干细胞能够促进骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨缺损的成骨再生。