Corrosion behavior of 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloys in different thermomechanical conditions by quasi-in-situ analysis

As a promising material in the aircraft industry,2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy exhibits high corrosion susceptibility that may limit its application.In the present work,to illustrate the influences of precipitate and grain-stored energy on localized corrosion evolution in 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy,cold working and artificial aging were carried out to produce 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloys under different thermomechanical conditions.Quasi-in-situ analysis,traditional immersion test and electrochemical measurement were then conducted to examine the corrosion behavior of 2A97 alloys.It is revealed that precipitate significantly affects Cu enrichment at corrosion fronts,which determines corrosion susceptibility of alloys,whereas grain-stored energy distribution is closely associated with localized corrosion propagation.It is also indicated that quasi-in-situ analysis exhibits a consistent corrosion evolution with traditional immersion tests,which is regarded as a proper method to explore localized corrosion mechanisms by providing local microstructural information with enhanced time and spatial resolutions.

In situ analysis of multi-twin morphology and growth using synchrotron polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction

Synchrotron polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction（micro-XRD） was applied to study in situ deformation twinning of commercially AZ31（Mg-3Al-1Zn） strip subjected to uniaxial tension.The morphology and growth of twins were analyzed in situ under the load level from 64 to 73 MPa.The X-ray microdiffraction data,collected on beamline 12.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source,were then used to map an area of 396μm x 200μm within the region of interest.The experimental set-up and X-ray diffraction microscopy with a depth resolution allow the position and orientation of each illuminated grain to be determined at the submicron size.A list of parent grains sorted by crystallographic orientation were selected to examine their twinning behavior.The results depict twin variant selection,local misorientation fluctuation and mosaic spread for multi-twins within the same parent grain.As load increases,the amplitude of misorientation fluctuation along twin trace keeps increasing.This is attributable to the accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations.

Ore Genesis for Stratiform Ore Bodies of the Dongfengnanshan Copper Polymetallic Deposit in the Yanbian Area, NE China:Constraints from LA-ICP-MS in situ Trace Elements and Sulfide S–Pb Isotopes

The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast(NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform ore bodies and veintype ones, controlled by the Early Permian strata and the Late Hercynian diorite intrusion, respectively. Due to the ambiguous genetic type of the stratiform ore bodies, there has been controversy on the relationship between them and veintype ore bodies. To determine the genetic type of stratiform ore bodies, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) in situ trace elements and S–Pb isotope analysis have been carried on the sulfides in the stratiform ore bodies. Compared with that in skarn, Mississippi Valley-type(MVT), and epithermal deposits, sphalerite samples in the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit are significantly enriched in Fe, Mn, and In, while depleted in Ga, Ge, and Cd, which is similar to the sphalerite in volcanic-associated massive sulfide(VMS) deposits. Co/Ni ratio of pyrrhotites in the stratiform ore bodies is similar to that in VMS-type deposits. The concentrations of Zn and Cd of chalcopyrites are similar to those of recrystallized VMS-type deposits. These characteristics also reflect the intermediate ore-forming temperature of the stratiform ore bodies in this deposit. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of VMS-type deposits, reflecting that sulfur originated from the Permian Miaoling Formation. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixed-source for lead. Moreover, the comparison of the Dongfengnanshan stratiform ore bodies with some VMStype deposits in China and abroad, on the trace elements and S–Pb isotope characteristics of the sulfides reveals that the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit belong to the VMS-type, and have closely genetic relationship with the early Permian marine volcanic sedimentary rocks.

In situ LA-ICP-MS analyses of mica and wolframite from the Maoping tungsten deposit,southern Jiangxi,China

The Maoping tungsten deposit is located in the Nanling W-Sn metallogenic belt in South China.Greisen and quartz vein types of mineralization developed in this deposit.Protolithionite occurs in the granite.Zinnwaldite is occurs mainly in greisen and wolframite-quartz veins whereas phengite is found in the underground quartz veinlets.In granite and greisen,protolithionite,and zinnwaldite are partly replaced by Li-phengite.LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses of micas and wolframite are employed to characterize the ore-forming source and evolution of ore forming fluids.Micas show compositional variation trend in vertical directions with a decrease of W,Sn,Nb,and Ta and an increase of MgO,V,Ni,and Co.Wolframite in greisen has higher Mo,Sn,Nb,Ta,and REEs than those in quartz veins.All wolframites show similar REE patterns with enrichment of HREE.Wolframites in greisen and quartz veins have negative Eu anomalies,while wolframites in quartz veinlet display positive Eu anomalies.Compositions of mica and wolframite from different mining levels of the Maoping deposit suggest that the ore-forming fluids are dominated by magmatic hydrothermal fluids in the deep with a slight addition of meteoric water in the shallow.Brittle fractureinduced depressurization and fluid mixing controlled the evolution of ore-forming fluids and possibly lead to the wolframite deposition.

Literature Analysis on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in China during 2002-2016

In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) " and " chromosome" as key words,this paper made a statistical analysis on the literature published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) during 2002-2016.The results indicated that the number of papers published in 2002 was the smallest(37),while the number of papers published in 2012 was the largest(125).In terms of the distribution of organizations of authors,in 1201 papers,11 organizations published papers ≥15,accounting for 21.65%.In terms of distribution of papers published by different periodicals,11 periodicals published papers ≥10,accounting for 17.65%.In terms of the papers supported by foundation projects,in all papers searched,377 papers were supported by foundation projects,accounting for 31.39%.In terms of the distribution of doctoral and master's dissertations,259 papers were master's dissertations,accounting for 21.57%;92 papers were doctoral dissertations,accounting for 7.66%.

DDM regression analysis of the in-situ stress field in a non-linear fault zone

A multivariable regression analysis of the in-situ stress field, which considers the non-linear deformation behavior of faults in practical projects, is presented based on a newly developed three-dimensional displacement discontinuity method （DDM） program. The Bar- ton-Bandis model and the Kulhaway model are adopted as the normal and the tangential deformation model of faults, respectively, where the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is satisfied. In practical projects, the values of the mechanical parameters of rock and faults are restricted in a bounded range for in-situ test, and the optimal mechanical parameters are obtained from this range by a loop. Comparing with the traditional finite element method （FEM）, the DDM regression results are more accurate.

Dry eye and corneal sensitivity after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis:a Meta-analysis

AIM：To assess the corneal sensitivity and the incidences of dry eye after small incision lenticule extraction（SMILE） and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis（FSLASIK）.METHODS：The Meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3.We searched on Pub Med from inception to March 2016.Summary weighted mean difference（WMD） and 95% confidence intervals（CIs） were used to analyze the datum.Random-effects or fixed-effects models were chosen up to between-study heterogeneity.The main outcomes were composed of the Ocular Surface Disease Index（OSDI） scores,tear film break-up time（TBUT）,Schirmer Test and corneal sensitivity.RESULTS：Eight eligible studies including 772 eyes（386 in SMILE group and 386 in FS-LASIK group） were identified.The parameters have no significiant difference heterogeneity between SMILE and FS-LASIK group preoperatively.There were significant differences between the two groups in OSDI scores at one and three months postoperatively,in TBUT at one and three months postoperatively,in corneal sensitivity at one week,about one month and three months postoperatively.However,there was no significant difference observed in Schirmer Test at the follow-up periods.CONCLUSION：Compare to FS-LASIK,dry eye and the corneal sensitivity recover better in the SMILE group,in first three months after the surgery.

Data processing and preliminary results of the Chang'e-3 VIS/NIR Imaging Spectrometer in-situ analysis

The Chang＇e-3 Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VNIS） is one of the four payloads on the Yutu rover. After traversing the landing site during the first two lunar days, four different areas are detected, and Level 2A and 2B ra- diance data have been released to the scientific community. The released data have been processed by dark current subtraction, correction for the effect of temperature, radiometric calibration and geometric calibration. We emphasize approaches for re- flectance analysis and mineral identification for in-situ analysis with VNIS. Then the preliminary spectral and mineralogical results from the landing site are derived. After comparing spectral data from VNIS with data collected by the Ma instrument and samples of mare that were returned from the Apollo program, all the reflectance data have been found to have similar absorption features near 1000 nm except lunar sample 71061. In addition, there is also a weak absorption feature between 1750-2400nm on VNIS, but the slopes of VNIS and Ma reflectance at longer wavelengths are lower than data taken from samples of lunar mare. Spectral parameters such as Band Centers and Integrated Band Depth Ratios are used to analyze mineralogical features. The results show that detection points E and N205 are mixtures of high-Ca pyroxene and olivine, and the composition of olivineat point N205 is higher than that at point E, but the compositions of detection points S3 and N203 are mainly olivine-rich. Since there are no obvious absorption features near 1250 nm, plagioclase is not directly identified at the landing site.

LA-ICP-MS分析方法综述

LA-ICP-MS是一项集原位、微区、微量元素分析于一体的检测技术,主要是由2台仪器组成,即激光装置(LA)和成分分析仪器装置(ICP-MS)。自首次将等离子体质谱仪和激光剥蚀进样方法结合使用以来,经过几十年的研究发展,该项技术在性能、仪器结构和实际分析应用领域都取得了突破性进展。LA-ICP-MS分析测试方法具有分析速度快,进样效率高,能够提供原位、实时的样品含量信息、多元素同时测定、可提供同位素比值信息的检测能等诸多优点。近年来,LA-ICP-MS分析测试方法由于其明显的优势在地球科学研究中得到了广泛应用。

A Data Analysis Framework for Earth System Simulation within an <i>In-Situ</i>Infrastructure

This paper presents a generic procedure to implement a scalable and high performance data analysis framework for large-scale scientific simulation within an in-situ infrastructure. It demonstrates a unique capability for global Earth system simulations using advanced computing technologies (i.e., automated code analysis and instrumentation), in-situ infrastructure (i.e., ADIOS) and big data analysis engines (i.e., SciKit-learn). This paper also includes a useful case that analyzes a globe Earth System simulations with the integration of scalable in-situ infrastructure and advanced data processing package. The in-situ data analysis framework can provides new insights on scientific discoveries in multiscale modeling paradigms.

磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析方法研究

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术在矿物微量元素分析方面具有原位、高分辨率和高灵敏度等优势,近年来磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素研究进展迅速,并在地质领域得到了广泛应用。利用长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室Agilent 7700X四极杆等离子体质谱和Photo Machines Analyte Excite 193 nm激光,建立了LA-ICP-MS测定磁铁矿原位微量元素组成的分析方法。以美国地质调查局(USGS)玻璃标样BIR-1G、BHVO-2G、BCR-2G和GSE-1G为校正标准,采用无内标-多外标法对磁铁矿中微量元素进行了定量计算,并测定了NIST612和自然岩浆磁铁矿BC28的微量元素组成,以评估本实验室建立方法的可靠性。结果表明,NIST612所有微量元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,N=30)变化于1.31%~6.33%之间,多数元素的测定结果与推荐值及前人LA-ICP-MS方法测定值的相对误差小于10%;BC28大部分微量元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,N=30)小于10%,其中11个重要微量元素与前人LA-ICP-MS测定值的相对误差基本小于10%。以上结果表明本实验室建立的方法可以实现对磁铁矿原位微区微量元素的分析测定,分析数据结果准确可靠,具有良好的应用前景。

Genome Analysis in Wheat Breeding for Disease Resistance

A brief review on the development of wheat germplasm with introduced powdery mildew and scab resistance from Haynaldia villosa Sch. and Leymus racemosus Lam., Roegneria ciliaris (Trin.) Nevski as well as R. kamoji C. Koch respectively was made. In the course of germplasm development, genome analysis by means of chromosome banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, particularly restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) coupled with aneuploid analysis was employed for the purpose of improving breeding efficiency. Potential use of such germplasm in wheat breeding practice, basic studies and some related problems were also discussed.

宁芜和尚桥铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床(IOA)成矿过程研究:来自磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位分析的证据

铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床(IOA)是全球铁矿资源重要的供给矿床类型之一,受到国内外科研和矿产开采工作者的广泛关注。对铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床研究的争议主要集中在矿床成因上,即岩浆成因或者热液成因。作为一类具有多阶段成矿作用的矿床,IOA型矿床很难用热液或者矿浆成因予以简单概括,需要动态地看待成矿作用。和尚桥铁矿床是一个大型的铁氧化物-磷灰石(IOA)矿床,位于中国东部长江中下游多金属成矿带宁芜矿集区中。和尚桥铁矿床成矿作用含有三个清晰的磁铁矿矿化阶段,分别形成浸染状(Mt1)、角砾状(Mt2)和脉状(Mt3)矿石。对各阶段磁铁矿矿石中磁铁矿进行激光剥蚀等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区成分测试。在成矿过程中,从早到晚,磁铁矿表现出了从具有岩浆成因特征向具有热液成因特征的方向演化。磁铁矿中Mg和Al含量升高,Cr含量先降低后略微升高,Mn、Co、Ni和V含量先降低后升高,Mo和Sn含量先升高后降低的趋势,表明成矿过程中各阶段围岩及大气水对成矿流体的贡献不一。结合前人研究成果,我们认为和尚桥铁矿床中磁铁矿铁质的来源与安山质侵入岩密切相关,可能来源于岩浆不混溶作用形成的铁质富集流体(熔体),磁铁矿在高温热液环境中结晶沉淀。成矿过程具有多阶段性,推测在各成矿阶段间隙,富铁流体得到富集,同时地层物质不断的加入并导致了磁铁矿成分显示出越来越多的热液成因信息,地层物质(特别是膏盐层)对成矿过程起到了重要的控制作用。

LA-ICP-MS在锆石微区微量元素分析中的应用

采用UP 213 Nd:YAG固体激光剥蚀系统和X Series 2型ICP-MS,以NIST610为外标,Si为内标,分析了3个不同标准锆石样品GJ-1、Pleovice和Qinghu中元素的组成和分布。建立的方法分析USGS玄武岩标准玻璃样品BCR-2中的34种元素时,分析结果相对误差<10%的有22种元素,>25%的只有2种元素,相对标准偏差<10%的有31种元素。3个不同标准锆石样品微量元素测定结果表明:各锆石样品的微量元素变化范围较大,从Hf在Pleovice锆石样品中的最高值26 099μg/g到La在GJ-1样品中的最低值0.007 7μg/g,相差可达7个数量级;总体上Qinghu锆石样品中的各元素含量都明显高于GJ-1和Pleovice样品;3个锆石样品的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线也显示了不同的轻重稀土元素分异和Ce、Eu的富集异常;但对于单一锆石,其配分模式相似,这同时也表明所测数据的准确性。

粤北大宝山铜多金属矿区黄铁矿与磁黄铁矿EPMA和LA-ICP-MS原位微区组分特征及其对矿床成因机制约束

粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床一直存在燕山期岩浆热液成因和海西期火山喷流成因之争,争议的焦点在于块状、似层状硫化物矿体的成因。本文在全面开展矿区地质调查和钻探查证的基础上,对块状、似层状和脉状硫化物矿石中的黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿开展EPMA和LA-ICP-MS原位分析。测试结果表明,不同产状黄铁矿的平均分子式相似,分别为FeS_(1.98)、FeS_(1.99)和FeS_(1.98),似层状和脉状硫化物中磁黄铁矿的平均化学式为Fe_(0.886)S和Fe_(0.874)S,属形成温度相对较低单斜磁黄铁矿。与花岗岩岩浆热液标型黄铁矿相比,不同产状的黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中Co、Ni、Mn、Se和Ge等元素以类质同象形式赋存,它们含量较低但稳定,Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Bi和Tl及Ga主要以微细矿物子晶形式存在,其含量丰富,但变化明显。从块状、似层状到脉状硫化物矿体,黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中Co、Zn和Se的含量及Co/Ni值降低,而Cu、Pb、Ag、Bi等元素的含量明显升高。结合矿区次英安斑岩的产状和含矿性特征表明,大宝山矿床块状、似层状和脉状硫化物矿体都是次英安斑岩深部岩浆房产出的含矿流体在不同赋矿环境中的产物。

底栖有孔虫(Florilus decors)壳体微量元素/钙比值的LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析方法及应用——以长江口外海域为例

深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的微量元素、同位素测试技术已较为成熟,而河口近海沉积物中有孔虫壳体元素微区测试却鲜有报道。本文报道了一种利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析法测试取自长江口外沉积物中的有孔虫壳体元素/钙比值的技术,研究了氦气载气流量、能量密度、束斑大小、激光剥蚀频率等参数对测试结果的影响,优化了活体有孔虫原位分析方法。应用确定的测试条件对2016年7月取自长江口外的底栖有孔虫优美花朵虫样品(Florilus decors)进行测试,发现Mg、Sr等元素/钙比值在壳体不同位置上无显著差异,而Mn的数据较为离散,可能与有孔虫生长过程中经历的水环境及其变化有关。

上黑龙江盆地虎拉林金矿床黄铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位测试及其对矿床成因的制约

位于上黑龙江盆地内的虎拉林金矿床为区域重要的金矿床之一,关于该矿床的成因一直存在较大的争议。为厘清虎拉林金矿床成矿物质来源及赋存状态,确定矿床成因及形成机制,作者运用LA-ICP-MS原位测试技术,分析了矿床中不同期次黄铁矿的元素组成。结果表明,该矿床存在PyⅠ、PyⅡ和PyⅢ三期黄铁矿,不同期次黄铁矿的微量元素组成差异明显,PyⅡ为金主成矿期,其Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au、Bi、As、Mo、V、Cr、Mn、Sb、Sn和Ga等微量元素含量较高。在PyⅠ、PyⅡ和PyⅢ三期黄铁矿中, Co、Ni、As、Se以类质同象形式赋存于黄铁矿中;而Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi及Te、Mo、V、Cr、Mn、Sb、Sn、Ga分别以金属矿物微粒及纳米微粒金属矿物包体存在于黄铁矿颗粒中或间隙;Au、Ag以银金矿微粒形式存在于黄铁矿晶体及间隙中,且As在Au的迁移、富集和沉淀等过程中具有重要的作用。三个不同期次黄铁矿的Co/Ni值均小于10,且在Co-Ni成因判别图中PyⅠ主要分布于沉积区, PyⅡ与PyⅢ则主要分布于沉积改造区及岩浆区。结合研究区区域地质背景、矿床地质特征及黄铁矿微量元素特征,认为虎拉林金矿床首先经历了早期沉积作用,之后受到来自含Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi等元素成矿流体的热液叠加改造,成矿物质源于早白垩世深部岩浆,且成矿过程中存在岩浆热液与早期沉积地层的混染作用,是典型的斑岩型金矿床。

Evidence from In Situ Bioassays and Suspect Analysis Revealed the Region-Specific Aquatic Risk across Socioeconomic Gradients in China

Various contaminants are present in aquatic environment and pose potential threats to pelagic and benthic organisms,calling for effective risk assessment.Traditional risk assessments based on target analysis are useful when the principal contaminants responsible for ecological risk are known;however,these approaches become challenging when dealing with chemical mixtures.In addition,the compositions of chemical mixtures often differ in regions with different levels of socioeconomic develop-ment,requiring risk assessment methods that are applicable under different pollution scenarios.Herein,in situ bioassays were conducted with two native species,Chinese rare minnows(Gobiocypris rarus)and Asian clams(Corbicula fluminea),in economically developed watersheds in China(Pearl River Basin(PRB)and Taihu Lake Basin(THB))and agriculture-dominated Poyang Lake Basin(PYB).Significant lethal and sublethal effects(e.g.,neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,and metabolic and oxidative stress)were observed in fish and clams irrespective of economic gradients.Notably,ecological effects differed significantly between water and sediment phases within the same region.Target(98 contaminants)and suspect screening(942 contaminants)revealed regional-specific characteristics.Ecological risk assessments using a weight of evidence approach demonstrated that both water and sediment in the PRB were at moderate to high risk,as was the sediment in the less developed PYB.However,the characteristics of mixture pollution varied greatly among regions.Suspect screening identified many pollutants that are not regularly monitored but are present at high environmental concentrations and are linked to local industrial production.These distinct mixture risk characteristics across different basins suggest that mitigating aquatic pollution requires region-specific management measures.

Analysis of sp Pillar Stability Experiment: Continuous thermo-mechanical model development and calibration

The paper describes an analysis of thermo-mechanical （TM） processes appearing during the Aspo Pillar Stability Experiment （APSE）. This analysis is based on finite elements with elasticity, plasticity and dam- age mechanics models of rock behaviour and some least squares calibration techniques. The main aim is to examine the capability of continuous mechanics models to predict brittle damage behaviour of gran- ite rocks. The performed simulations use an in-house finite element software GEM and self-developed experimental continuum damage MATLAB code. The main contributions are twofold. First, it is an inverse analysis, which is used for （1） verification of an initial stress measurement by back analysis of conver- gence measurement during construction of the access tunnel and （2） identification of heat transfer rock mass properties by an inverse method based on the known heat sources and temperature measurements. Second, three different hierarchically built models are used to estimate the pillar damage zones, i.e. elas- tic model with Drucker-Prager strength criterion, elasto-plastic model with the same yield limit and a combination of elasto-plasticity with continuum damage mechanics. The damage mechanics model is also used to simulate uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength tests on the ,Aspo granite.

Modern applications of scanning electrochemical microscopy in the analysis of electrocatalytic surface reactions

Development of reaction-tailored electrocatalysts is becoming increasingly important as energy and environment are among key issues governing our sustainable future.Electrocatalysts are inherently optimized for application towards reactions of interest in renewable energy,such as those involved in water splitting and artificial photosynthesis,owing to its energy efficiency,simple fabrication,and ease of operation.In this view,it is important to secure logical design principles for the synthesis of electrocatalysts for various reactions of interest,and also understand their catalytic mechanisms in the respective reactions for improvements in further iterations.In this review,we introduce several key methods of scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM)in its applications towards electrocatalysis.A brief history and a handful of seminal works in the SECM field is introduced in advancing the synthetic designs of electrocatalysts and elucidation of the operating mechanism.New developments in nano-sizing of the electrodes in attempts for improved spatial resolution of SECM is also introduced,and the application of nanoelectrodes towards the investigation of formerly inaccessible single catalytic entities is shared.