Electrokinetic-mechanism of water and furfural oxidation on pulsed laser-interlaced Cu_(2)O and CoO on nickel foam

The electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived furfural(FF)feedstocks into 2-furoic acid(FA)holds immense industrial potential in optics,cosmetics,polymers,and food.Herein,we fabricated Co O/Ni O/nickel foam(NF)and Cu_(2)O/Ni O/NF electrodes via in situ pulsed laser irradiation in liquids(PLIL)for the bifunctional electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and furfural oxidation reaction(FOR),respectively.Simultaneous oxidation of NF surface to NiO and deposition of CoO and/or Cu_(2)O on NF during PLIL offer distinct advantages for enhancing both the OER and FOR.CoO/NiO/NF electrocatalyst provides a consistently low overpotential of~359 m V(OER)at 10 m A/cm^(2),achieving the maximum FA yield(~16.37 m M)with 61.5%selectivity,79.5%carbon balance,and a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of~90.1%during 2 h of FOR at 1.43 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode).Mechanistic pathway via in situ electrochemical-Raman spectroscopy on CoO/NiO/NF reveals the involvement of phase transition intermediates(NiOOH and CoOOH)as surface-active centers during electrochemical oxidation.The carbonyl carbon in FF is attacked by hydroxyl groups to form unstable hydrates that subsequently undergo further oxidation to yield FA products.This method holds promise for large-scale applications,enabling simultaneous production of renewable building materials and fuel.

C6H10S2O联合Nano-CaCO3对铅染毒小鼠海马学习记忆功能的影响

评价 C6H10S2O联合Nano-CaCO3对铅染毒小鼠的海马学习记忆功能产生的影响,以指导铅染毒相关问题的处理。方法 选择齐齐哈尔医学院动物实验中心提供的20-30g 健康雌性 KM 小鼠,健康清洁级,分为正常对照组、模型对照组、C6H10S2O 组、Nano-CaCO3组、联合治疗组,其中后四组均为铅染毒模型。五组的饲养条件相同,方法 /剂量建立铅染毒模型,提供对应治疗方法,通过评估体质量与血液中铅元素含量、NO含量和ACHE活力、水迷宫、新物体识别测量的结果,判断治疗效果。结果 与空白对照组比较,模型对照组的体质量显著降低(P<0.05),血铅含量显著增加(P<0.05);与模型对照组比较,C6H10S2O组和联合治疗组小鼠的体质量显著提高(P<0.05),而血铅含量仅在联合治疗组显著减少(P<0.05);其他三组的体质量和血铅含量均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与模型对照组比较,联合治疗组的跨越隐匿平台次数和平台象限游泳路程显著增加(P<0.05);与Nano-CaCO3组比较,联合治疗组的跨越隐匿平台次数和平台象限游泳路程也显著增加(P<0.05)。五组在NO含量和ACHE活力、认知指数方面的对比,差异均不存在统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 C6H10S2O联合Nano-CaCO3可以减少铅含量,提高体质量,对空间学习能力有一定影响,但对认知能力、学习记忆能力不存在显著影响。

A dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O structure with high curvature enables rapid and efficient reduction of carbon dioxide to C_(2) in an H-cell

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to multicarbon products is an efficient approach for ad-dressing the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.In H-cells,achieving high-current C_(2)products is challenging because of the inefficient mass transfer of the catalyst and the presence of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O with abundant Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)interfaces and numerous dendritic curves was synthesized in a CO_(2)atmosphere,resulting in the high selectivity and current density of the C_(2)products.Dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O achieved a C_(2)Faradaic efficiency of 69.8%and a C_(2)partial current density of 129.5 mA cm^(-2)in an H-cell.Finite element simulations showed that a dendritic structure with a high curvature generates a strong electric field,leading to a localized CO_(2)concentration.Additionally,DRT analysis showed that a dendritic struc-ture with a high curvature actively adsorbed the surrounding high concentration of CO_(2),enhancing the mass transfer rate and achieving a high current density.During the experiment,the impact of the electronic structure on the performance of the catalyst was investigated by varying the atomic ratio of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) on the catalyst surface,which resulted in improved ethylene selectivity.Under the optimal atomic ratio of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+),the charge transfer resistance was minimized,and the desorption rate of the intermediates was low,favoring C_(2) generation.Density functional theory calculations indicated that the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) interfaces exhibited a lower Gibbs free energy for the rate-determining step,enhancing C_(2)H_(4) formation.The Cu/Cu_(2)O catalyst also exhibited a low Cu d-band center,which enhanced the adsorption stability of *CO on the surface and facilitated C_(2)formation.This observa-tion explained the higher yield of C_(2) products at the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) interface than that of H_(2) under rapid mass transfer.The results of the net present value model showed that the H-cell holds promising industrial prospects,contingent upon it being a catalyst with both high selectivity and high current density.This approach of integrating the structure and composition provides new insights for ad-vancing the CO_(2)RR towards high-current C_(2) products.

GLS1通过激活Nrf2/HO-1轴抑制过氧化氢诱导的ARPE-19细胞氧化应激、自噬与凋亡

目的探究GLS1对过氧化氢诱导的ARPE-19细胞氧化应激、自噬与凋亡的影响及机制。方法ARPE-19细胞分为对照组、H_(2)O_(2)组、H_(2)O_(2)+Vector组、H_(2)O_(2)+GLS1组,对照组细胞不做任何处理,H_(2)O_(2)组细胞用200μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)诱导48h,H_(2)O_(2)+Vector组和H_(2)O_(2)+GLS1组细胞转染Vector和GLS1质粒后用200μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)诱导48 h,比色法测定各组细胞SOD、GSH和MDA浓度,透射电镜观察各组细胞自噬小体,流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡水平,Western blot检测各组细胞Nrf2、HO-1、LC3-Ⅱ、p62的表达。结果与对照组比较,H_(2)O_(2)组ARPE-19细胞SOD、GSH表达显著下降,MDA显著增加,自噬小体数目显著增加,细胞凋亡显著增加,LC3-Ⅱ表达显著上调,P62、抗核因子红系2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶1(heme Oxygenase-1,HO-1)表达显著下调。与H_(2)O_(2)+Vector组比较,H_(2)O_(2)+GLS1组细胞SOD、GSH表达显著增加,MDA显著降低,自噬小体数目显著减少,细胞凋亡显著减少,LC3-Ⅱ表达显著下调,P62、Nrf2、HO-1表达显著上调。结论GLS1可抑制H_(2)O_(2)诱导的ARPE-19细胞氧化应激、自噬与凋亡,其机制为激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路。

LncRNA NALT通过调控Notch信号通路对H2O2诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞损伤的影响

目的探讨lncRNA NALT(简称NALT)对H_(2)O_(2)诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法使用不同浓度H_(2)O_(2)处理人晶状体上皮SRA01/04细胞24 h,CCK-8和qRT-PCR检测细胞增殖活性及NALT表达水平。将NALT过表达质粒转染至SRA01/04细胞中,再经100μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)或联合10μmol/L Notch信号通路抑制剂DAPT干预24 h,CCK-8检测细胞增殖活性;DCFH-DA荧光探针标记法检测各组细胞ROS水平;化学法检测SOD活性和MDA含量;Annexin V-FITC/PI法检测细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测细胞中Notch1和Hes1蛋白表达水平。结果随着H_(2)O_(2)干预浓度的增加,SRA01/04细胞增殖活性和NALT表达水平均呈剂量依赖性降低(P<0.05)。H_(2)O_(2)干预后,NALT过表达可显著提高SRA01/04细胞增殖活性和SOD活性,降低ROS、MDA及细胞凋亡水平,上调Notch1和Hes1蛋白表达水平(均P<0.05)。然而,联合DAPT干预可逆转NALT过表达对H_(2)O_(2)诱导的SRA01/04细胞损伤的保护作用。结论过表达NALT可改善H_(2)O_(2)诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞损伤,其机制可能与激活Notch信号通路有关。

Local structural evolutions of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for methanol synthesis under operando conditions studied by in situ quick X-ray absorption spectroscopy

In situ quick X-ray absorption spectroscopy(QXAFS) at the Cu and Zn K-edge under operando conditions has been used to unravel the Cu/Zn interaction and identify possible active site of CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3 catalyst for methanol synthesis. In this work, the catalyst, whose activity increases with the reaction temperature and pressure, was studied at calcined, reduced, and reacted conditions. TEM and EDX images for the calcined and reduced catalysts showed that copper was distributed uniformly at both conditions. TPR profile revealed two reduction peaks at 165 and 195 °C for copper species in the calcined catalyst. QXAFS results demonstrated that the calcined form consisted mainly of a mixed Cu O and Zn O, and it was progressively transformed into Cu metal particles and dispersed Zn O species as the reduction treatment. It was demonstrated that activation of the catalyst precursor occurred via a Cu^+intermediate, and the active catalyst predominantly consisted of metallic Cu and Zn O evenunder higher pressures. Structure of the active catalyst did not change with the temperature or pressure, indicating that the role of the Zn was mainly to improve Cu dispersion.This indicates the potential of QXAFS method in studying the structure evolutions of catalysts in methanol synthesis.

IN SITU PROCESSING OF Al_(2)O_(3) WHISKERS REINFORCED Ti-Al INTERMETALLIC COMPOSITES

In situ Al2O3 whiskers reinforced Ti-Al intermetallic composites were fabricated at ~1200℃ by reaction sintering of cold-consolidated fillets consisting mainly of Ti, Al, and different additives. The phases and microstructures of the sintered composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The process of synthesis was investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effects of processing parameters and additives on the microstructures of the composites and the development of whisker were examined. It is found that the morphology of the whisker is strongly influenced by the additives, the exothermal reaction process, and the processing parameters.

Facile synthesis of Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2 and Bi_4O_5Br_2 nanosheets:In situ DRIFTS investigation of photocatalytic NO oxidation conversion pathway

Bi12O17Br2and Bi4O5Br2visible‐light driven photocatalysts,were respectively fabricated by hydrothermal and room‐temperature deposition methods with the use of BiBr3and NaOH as precursors.Both Bi12O17Br2and Bi4O5Br2were composed of irregular nanosheets.The Bi4O5Br2nanosheets exhibited high and stable visible‐light photocatalytic efficiency for ppb‐level NO removal.The performance of Bi4O5Br2was markedly higher than that of the Bi12O17Br2nanosheets.The hydroxyl radical(?OH)was determined to be the main reactive oxygen species for the photo‐degradation processes of both Bi12O17Br2and Bi4O5Br2.However,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy analysis revealed that Bi12O17Br2and Bi4O5Br2featured different conversion pathways for visible light driven photocatalytic NO oxidation.The excellent photocatalytic activity of Bi4O5Br2resulted from a high surface area and large pore volumes,which facilitated the transport of reactants and intermediate products,and provided more active sites for photochemical reaction.Furthermore,the Bi4O5Br2nanosheets produced more?OH and presented stronger valence band holeoxidation.In addition,the oxygen atoms of NO could insert into oxygen‐vacancies of Bi4O5Br2,whichprovided more active sites for the reaction.This work gives insight into the photocatalytic pollutant‐degradation mechanism of bismuth oxyhalide.

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by in situ Al_2O_3 and Al_3Zr particles fabricated via magnetochemistry reaction

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by in situ Al2O3 and Al3Zr particles are fabricated from A356-Zr(CO3)2 system via magnetochemistry reaction,and the morphologies,sizes and distributions of the in situ particles as well as the microstructures,mechanical mechanisms of the composites are investigated by XRD,SEM,TEM and in situ tensile tests.The results indicate that with the pulsed magnetic field assistance,the morphologies of the in situ particles are mainly with ball-shape,the sizes are in nanometer scale and the distributions in the matrix are uniform.The interfaces between the in situ particles and the aluminum matrix are net and no interfacial outgrowth is observed.These are due to the strong vibration induced by the applied magnetic field in the aluminum melt,which in turn,accelerates the melt reactions.The effects of the magnetic field on the above contributions are discussed in detail.

尿素/H_2O_2溶液同时脱硫脱硝机理研究

在填料塔上对尿素/H2O2溶液同时脱硫脱硝进行了实验研究。结果表明,尿素溶液对SO2具有很高的去除效率,但对NOx的去除受到多种因素的影响。实验主要研究了H2O2浓度、吸收反应温度、溶液pH值等因素对脱硝效率的影响,并确定了最佳实验条件,在此条件下脱硫脱硝效率分别达到100%和52.6%。同时,采用化学分析法和气相色谱法对尿素溶液同时脱硫脱硝的反应产物进行分析,推导出尿素/H2O2溶液同时脱硫脱硝的反应机理和总化学反应方程式。该技术可用于对现有湿法脱硫技术的改造,使其同时具有脱硫脱硝功能。

应用~2H、^(18)O同位素示踪华北平原石家庄包气带土壤水入渗补给及年补给量确定

采集2个不同深度包气带土壤水2 H、18 O同位素剖面ZK1,ZK2,应用天然稳定同位素2 H、18 O示踪的方法,研究了华北山前冲积平原石家庄地区包气带土壤水入渗补给的历史演化特征。结果显示,研究区内,以0.05m为取样间隔,δ2 H、δ18 O值可以明显指示出大气降水及灌溉水入渗补给时间—剖面深度位置的年际对应关系。ZK2的δ2 H、δ18 O值随着埋深的增大出现周期性的波动,具有分层现象的岩性差异并不明显,说明ZK2剖面以活塞流的入渗方式补给地下水。在0~3.90m深度,δ2 H、δ18 O值显示降水和灌溉水的入渗补给时间为2011年10月至2001年11月。18 O峰值位移法计算补给量的结果显示,降水、灌溉水通过包气带补给地下水的垂向运移速度为38.5~65.0cm/a,年均入渗补给量为131.3~185.3mm。同时,对比2003年及2005-2007年降水量数据,说明少雨年份农业灌溉用水量的大小对当地地下水的入渗补给量起着关键性作用。

铁屑/焦炭/H_2O_2法预处理焦化废水的试验研究

采用铁屑/焦炭/H2O2法对焦化废水进行处理,通过单因素试验法考察了铁炭比、铁炭用量、H2O2用量、废水pH以及反应时间对处理效果的影响,并确定了最适工艺条件。结果表明,铁屑/焦炭/H2O2法与常规的铁屑内电解法相比,可显著提高焦化废水的预处理效果,并缩短反应时间。铁屑/焦炭/H2O2法处理焦化废水的最适条件为:铁炭比为4,铁炭用量为300mg/L铁屑+75mg/L焦炭,H2O2用量为1000mg/L,pH为3,反应时间20min。在此条件下,COD、色度、NH3-N和CN-的去除效率分别可达61.2%、74.0%、56.2%和74.3%,B/C比由处理前的0.189提高到0.387,处理水可生化性良好。铁屑/焦炭/H2O2可作为焦化废水的一种有效的预处理方法。

O_3、O_3/H_2O_2降解TNT的实验研究

利用自制装置 ,实验研究了不同反应条件下 ,O3 、O3 /H2 O2 对 TNT的降解规律。结果表明 ,O3 对 TNT具有一定降解功效 ,提高体系的 p H值或添加 H2 O2 均利于 TNT的降解。O3 降解 TNT,可能产生抗氧化性更强的中间产物及其积累 ,而 O3 /H2 O2 作用过程中则没有发生。p H从 1升到 1 2 ,利于 O3 对 TNT降解 ,但超过 1 2时 ,对 O3 作用的影响不再明显 ,p H的最适范围是 1 0～ 1 2 ;O3 /H2 O2作用时 ,1 0为其 p H的临界值 ,当提高或降低 p H都会降低其对 TNT降解能力。维持体系的 p H稳定 ,有利于 O3 降解 TNT,但对 O3 /H2 O2 作用功效的影响不明显。尽管温度对 O3 、O3 /H2 O2 降解 TNT功效的影响较小 ,但温度的提高不利于两者功效的发挥 ,尤其是

H_2O_2和Ca^(2+)对受低温胁迫香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响

研究表明 ,香蕉幼苗喷施H2 O2 或CaCl2 或二者结合使用 ,能提高其POD活性 ,降低膜渗漏率 ,增加可溶性糖含量及减缓叶绿素降解 ,从而提高抗寒力 ,二者结合表现出协同效应。H2 O2 对提高POD活性 ,降低膜渗漏率和减缓Chl.b降解的效果优于CaCl2 ;CaCl2 则在提高可溶性糖含量和减少Chl.a降解方面占优。相关性分析表明 ,POD活性与膜渗漏率的负相关性达到显著水平 ,高POD活性有利于减少低温下膜渗漏。

盐胁迫对小麦幼苗叶片H_2O_2产生和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以耐盐性不同的两个小麦品系89122和9614为材料,研究了NaCl处理对其幼苗叶片H2O2、MDA及SOD、CAT和APX等生理指标的影响.NaCl处理后89122和9614小麦幼苗叶片中H2O2的含量都增加.检测MDA含量显示:150 mmol.L-1NaCl处理12 h和24 h,89122小麦叶片MDA含量变化不明显,处理48 h MDA含量与对照比增加约为30%;同样,NaCl处理使9614幼苗叶片内MDA含量增加.150 mmol.L-1NaCl处理后89122小麦叶片SOD活性增加;而9614小麦叶片SOD的活性与对照比变化不明显.盐处理的早期89122小麦叶片的CAT活性变化不明显,处理48 h后活性比对照增加约20%;而盐处理使9614小麦的CAT活性明显下降.150 mmol.L-1NaCl处理12,24,48 h使89122叶片APX活性分别增加为对照的135%、133%和119%,而9614小麦叶片中APX活性分别降为对照的73%、70%和71%.实验结果表明:NaCl处理使89122和9614小麦叶片中H2O2、MAD含量增加,但89122小麦增加的幅度明显小于9614小麦.此外,盐胁迫使89122小麦叶片的SOD、CAT和APX活性增加;但9614小麦SOD活性变化不明显,而CAT和APX活性明显抑制.

年青褐煤H_2O_2降解生产黄腐酸工艺及产物性质

对云南金所年青褐煤进行H2O2降解制备黄腐酸的试验研究,通过透析将黄腐酸分为相对分子质量不同的7个级分,对其进行元素分析、红外光谱等研究。结果表明:对黄腐酸产率影响最大的因素是煤与氧化剂质量比,其次是氧化降解时间,氧化剂质量分数影响最小。优化工艺:煤与H2O2质量比1∶0.38,氧化降解温度30℃,氧化降解时间180 min,H2O2质量分数为15%,在此条件下黄腐酸产率达19%。理化分析结果表明:降解产物黄腐酸中总酸性基团、羧基质量摩尔浓度显著提高;随着相对分子质量的增加,氧元素和含氧官能团减少。

槲皮素对H_2O_2损伤PC12细胞的保护效果与机制

目的研究槲皮素(quercetin)对PC12细胞增殖的影响以及降低H2O2损伤PC12的效果并初步探讨其机制。方法通过MTT比色法检测槲皮素对PC12细胞增殖的影响,并用H2O2诱导PC12细胞建立氧化损伤模型,通过MTT和LDH比色法以及TUNEL法检测分析槲皮素保护PC12细胞免受H2O2损伤的效果;对比分析槲皮素保护组和对照组PC12细胞内ROS水平和MDA的含量检测抗氧化的效果;比较分析SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性初步探讨槲皮素的抗氧化机制。结果检测浓度范围内槲皮素对PC12细胞没有毒性;通过提高细胞内SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性,槲皮素能够降低细胞内活性氧水平,减少MDA的产生,保护H2O2对PC12细胞的氧化损伤。结论槲皮素对PC12细胞没有毒性,能够通过减弱H2O2产生的活性氧保护PC12细胞。

外源H_2O_2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生理指标的影响

以‘郑麦-004’小麦幼苗为供试材料,采用Hoagland营养液培养方法,通过添加H2O2的清除剂过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸(ASA),研究0.05μmol/L外源H2O2处理对150mmol/L NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗生长和抗氧化系统活性的影响,探讨低浓度外源H2O2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗伤害的防护作用及其生理机制。结果显示:外源H2O2能缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制效应,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧自由基(O2.-)的产生速率,使小麦幼苗的株高、根长和干重均显著增加,并能提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、CAT、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)等保护酶活性和抗氧化物质谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量;而H2O2清除剂(CAT和AsA)能够逆转外源H2O2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的促进作用。研究表明,低浓度外源H2O2处理能促进小麦幼苗中的酶类和非酶类抗氧化剂的产生,减少脂质过氧化物的含量,提高小麦幼苗的耐盐性。

H_2O_2参与冷激处理对番茄果实抗冷性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

本研究以“佳粉1号”番茄为试材,研究了H2O2参与冷激处理对番茄果实抗冷性及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明冷激处理降低了果实的冷害发生率和冷害指数,诱导了冷藏初期番茄果实中H2O2含量的升高,延缓了丙二醛的增加,提高了低温下果实内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性。用二甲基硫脲(DMTU)抑制内源H2O2能够削弱冷激处理所诱导的番茄果实冷害发生率的降低及对MDA累积的延缓作用,且CAT和APX的活性在冷藏初期受到抑制。结果表明,冷激处理可以有效提高番茄的耐冷性,减少低温对细胞膜系统的伤害,提高抗氧化酶的活性,而抑制内源H2O2后有效抑制了由冷激诱导的耐冷性的提高,说明冷藏初期内源H2O2参与了冷激介导番茄果实抗冷性的提高。

H_2O_2氧化降解壳聚糖研究

介绍了国内外壳聚糖降解制备低聚壳聚糖的主要方法 ,并对H2 O2 氧化降解制备低聚糖进行了正交实验 。