Attribute Reduction of Hybrid Decision Information Systems Based on Fuzzy Conditional Information Entropy

The presence of numerous uncertainties in hybrid decision information systems(HDISs)renders attribute reduction a formidable task.Currently available attribute reduction algorithms,including those based on Pawlak attribute importance,Skowron discernibility matrix,and information entropy,struggle to effectively manages multiple uncertainties simultaneously in HDISs like the precise measurement of disparities between nominal attribute values,and attributes with fuzzy boundaries and abnormal values.In order to address the aforementioned issues,this paper delves into the study of attribute reduction withinHDISs.First of all,a novel metric based on the decision attribute is introduced to solve the problem of accurately measuring the differences between nominal attribute values.The newly introduced distance metric has been christened the supervised distance that can effectively quantify the differences between the nominal attribute values.Then,based on the newly developed metric,a novel fuzzy relationship is defined from the perspective of“feedback on parity of attribute values to attribute sets”.This new fuzzy relationship serves as a valuable tool in addressing the challenges posed by abnormal attribute values.Furthermore,leveraging the newly introduced fuzzy relationship,the fuzzy conditional information entropy is defined as a solution to the challenges posed by fuzzy attributes.It effectively quantifies the uncertainty associated with fuzzy attribute values,thereby providing a robust framework for handling fuzzy information in hybrid information systems.Finally,an algorithm for attribute reduction utilizing the fuzzy conditional information entropy is presented.The experimental results on 12 datasets show that the average reduction rate of our algorithm reaches 84.04%,and the classification accuracy is improved by 3.91%compared to the original dataset,and by an average of 11.25%compared to the other 9 state-of-the-art reduction algorithms.The comprehensive analysis of these research results clearly indicates that our algorithm is highly effective in managing the intricate uncertainties inherent in hybrid data.

Characterization of local chemical ordering and deformation behavior in high entropy alloys by transmission electron microscopy

Short-range ordering(SRO)is one of the most important structural features of high entropy alloys(HEAs).However,the chemical and structural analyses of SROs are very difficult due to their small size,complexed compositions,and varied locations.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)as well as its aberration correction techniques are powerful for characterizing SROs in these compositionally complex alloys.In this short communication,we summarized recent progresses regarding characterization of SROs using TEM in the field of HEAs.By using advanced TEM techniques,not only the existence of SROs was confirmed,but also the effect of SROs on the deformation mechanism was clarified.Moreover,the perspective related to application of TEM techniques in HEAs are also discussed.

Pedestrian lane formation with following–overtaking model and measurement of system order

Pedestrian self-organizing movement plays a significant role in evacuation studies and architectural design.Lane formation,a typical self-organizing phenomenon,helps pedestrian system to become more orderly,the majority of following behavior model and overtaking behavior model are imprecise and unrealistic compared with pedestrian movement in the real world.In this study,a pedestrian dynamic model considering detailed modelling of the following behavior and overtaking behavior is constructed,and a method of measuring the lane formation and pedestrian system order based on information entropy is proposed.Simulation and analysis demonstrate that the following and avoidance behaviors are important factors of lane formation.A high tendency of following results in good lane formation.Both non-selective following behavior and aggressive overtaking behavior cause the system order to decrease.The most orderly following strategy for a pedestrian is to overtake the former pedestrian whose speed is lower than approximately 70%of his own.The influence of the obstacle layout on pedestrian lane and egress efficiency is also studied with this model.The presence of a small obstacle does not obstruct the walking of pedestrians;in contrast,it may help to improve the egress efficiency by guiding the pedestrian flow and mitigating the reduction of pedestrian system orderliness.

The Emergence of Time from Quantum Information Dynamics

This paper presents a novel framework for understanding time as an emergent phenomenon arising from quantum information dynamics. We propose that the flow of time and its directional arrow are intrinsically linked to the growth of quantum complexity and the evolution of entanglement entropy in physical systems. By integrating principles from quantum mechanics, information theory, and holography, we develop a comprehensive theory that explains how time can emerge from timeless quantum processes. Our approach unifies concepts from quantum mechanics, general relativity, and thermodynamics, providing new perspectives on longstanding puzzles such as the black hole information paradox and the arrow of time. We derive modified Friedmann equations that incorporate quantum information measures, offering novel insights into cosmic evolution and the nature of dark energy. The paper presents a series of experimental proposals to test key aspects of this theory, ranging from quantum simulations to cosmological observations. Our framework suggests a deeply information-theoretic view of the universe, challenging our understanding of the nature of reality and opening new avenues for technological applications in quantum computing and sensing. This work contributes to the ongoing quest for a unified theory of quantum gravity and information, potentially with far-reaching implications for our understanding of space, time, and the fundamental structure of the cosmos.

Control of interfacial reaction and defect formation in Gd/Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3) composites with excellent thermoelectric and magnetocaloric properties

The method to combine thermoelectric(TE)and magnetocaloric(MC)cooling techniques lies in developing a new material that simultaneously possesses a large TE and good MC cooling performance.In this work,using n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3)(BTS)as the TE base material and Gd as the second-phase MC material,Gd/BTS composites were prepared by the spark plasma sintering method.In the composites,interfacial reaction between Gd and BTS was identified,resulting in the formation of Gd Te,which has a large impact on the electron concentration through the adjustment of defect concentration.The MC/TE composite containing 2.5 wt%Gd exhibited a ZT value of 0.6 at 300 K,essentially retaining the original TE performance,while all the composites largely maintained the excellent MC performance of Gd.This work provides a potential pathway to achieving high performance in MC/TE composites.

A framework of force of information influence and application for C4KISR system

The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.

RAPD Markers and Genetic Information Entropy in Environmental Monitoring: A Case Study with Wild Mushrooms

Mushrooms have a remarkable scientific value due to their nutritional, medicinal properties and industrial applications in enzyme production, so that effort in the maintenance of native wild mushroom varieties is increasing. The present study focuses on the use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for biodiversity measure of wild mushroom species of the Northwest mountainous region of Greece. Data mining of similarity matrices from RAPD analysis was used to extract measurable entropy parameters for mushroom biodiversity monitoring based on Shannon’s information entropy. Shannon information index provides an easy assessment of the entropy of the genetic information of the germplasm per mushroom species while the total equitability index (EH) = 0.871 offers an overall estimation of the genetic variation evenness of all species in the population of the studied mushrooms. Application of RAPDs with parallel entropy analysis is an easily applicable and low-cost valuable technology in environmental monitoring, using genetic information of wild mushroom species as an indicator that can lead to future actions in biodiversity maintenance and germplasm protection. The provided methodology can serve as a pilot procedure enriched with other environmental factors to monitor and protect wild mushroom communities native to the Greek countryside or in any part of the world and provide comparable results about biodiversity from different regions using common entropy indices.

An Information Entropy-Based Methodology to Construct the Avulsion Threshold in the Tail Reach of the Estuarine Alluvial Plain

Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven factors.However,previous studies on avulsion thresholds usually focused on topography-driven factors due to the centurial or millennial avulsion timescales of the world’s most deltas,but neglected the impacts of flood-driven factors.In the current study,a novel demarcation equation including the two driven factors was proposed,with the decadal timescale of avulsion being considered in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE).In order to quantify the contributions of different factors in each category,an entropy-based methodology was used to calculate the contributing weights of these factors.The factor with the highest weight in each category was then used to construct the demarcation equation,based on avulsion datasets associated with the YRE.An avulsion threshold was deduced according to the demarcation equation.This avulsion threshold was then applied to conduct the risk assessment of avulsion in the YRE.The results show that:two dominant factors cover respectively geomorphic coefficient representing the topography-driven factor and fluvial erosion intensity representing the flood-driven factor,which were thus employed to define a two dimensional mathematical space in which the demarcation equation can be obtained;the avulsion threshold derived from the equation was also applied in the risk assessment of avulsion;and the avulsion threshold proposed in this study is more accurate,as compared with the existing thresholds.

Formation condition of solid solution type high-entropy alloy

Formation condition of high-entropy alloys with solid solution structure was investigated. Seventeen kinds of the high-entropy alloys with different components were prepared, the influencing factors （the comprehensive atomic radius difference δ, the mixing enthalpy AH and the mixing entropy AS） of phase composition of the alloys were calculated, and the microstructure and phase compositions of alloys were analyzed by using SEM and XRD. The result shows that only the systems with δ≤2.77 and △H≥-8.8 kJ/mol will form high entropy alloy with simple solid solution. Otherwise, intermetallic compounds will exist in the alloys. So, selection of the type of element has important effects on microstructure and properties of high entropy alloys.

基于ENTROPY-TOPSIS算法的电路实验课程综合成绩评定方法

针对高校实践教学成绩评定环节中存在的不足,该文将基于修正ENTROPY-TOPSIS算法应用到实验课程成绩评定当中,并推导了具体算法原理。同时将该算法与常用权值算法层次分析法以及CRITIC算法在电路实践成绩客观赋权过程中进行了横向对比。结果显示该方法可以为多源异构数据的科学赋权提供理论依据,有效消除因主观因素带来的不合理性,使教师在实验成绩的评定上更加趋向于客观化、科学化。

基于ISM-AHP-Entropy航空公司风险因素研究

针对航空公司风险因素研究,引入ISM-AHP-Entropy综合评价方法对风险因素进行评价。构建了风险因素指标体系,利用解析结构模型(ISM)将因素指标分为表层和深层致因,构建结构模型;根据问卷结果,用AHP-Entropy求出综合权重,结果表明人因和管理因素对风险影响最为显著;进一步运用AHP-Entropy综合法分别计算表层和深层致因权重并分析,结果表明表层致因中机组资源管理水平、签派员应急处置能力影响最为显著,深层致因中安全规章方针的制定情况、应急管理培训与实施情况影响最为显著;从多个现实角度出发,结合CBTA理念,为航空公司降低风险、提高安全意识与水平提出多条建议,可供航空公司参考采纳。

Novel detection method for infrared small targets using weighted information entropy

This paper presents a method for detecting the small infrared target under complex background. An algorithm, named local mutation weighted information entropy （LMWIE）, is proposed to suppress background. Then, the grey value of targets is enhanced by calculating the local energy. Image segmentation based on the adaptive threshold is used to solve the problems that the grey value of noise is enhanced with the grey value improvement of targets. Experimental results show that compared with the adaptive Butterworth high-pass filter method, the proposed algorithm is more effective and faster for the infrared small target detection.

Information Entropy Measures for Stand Structural Diversity:Joint Entropy

Structural diversity is the key attribute of a stand. A set of biodiversity measures in ecology was introduced in forest management for describing stand structure, of which Shannon information entropy (Shannon index) has been the most widely used measure of species diversity. It is generally thought that tree size diversity could serve as a good proxy for height diversity. However, tree size diversity and height diversity for stand structure is not completely consistent. Stand diameter cannot reflect height information completely. Either tree size diversity or height diversity is one-dimensional information entropy measure. This paper discussed the method of multiple-dimensional information entropy measure with the concept of joint entropy. It is suggested that joint entropy is a good measure for describing overall stand structural diversity.

Nonrelativistic Shannon information entropy for Kratzer potential

The Shannon information entropy is investigated within the nonrelativistic framework. The Kratzer potential is con- sidered as the interaction and the problem is solved in a quasi-exact analytical manner to discuss the ground and first excited states. Some interesting features of the information entropy densities as well as the probability densities are demonstrated. The Bialynicki-Birula-Mycielski inequality is also tested and found to hold for these cases.

On the thermodynamics of plasticity during quasi-isentropic compression of metallic glass

Entropy production in quasi-isentropic compression (QIC) is critically important for understanding the properties of materials under extremeconditions. However, the origin and accurate quantification of entropy in this situation remain long-standing challenges. In this work, a framework is established for the quantification of entropy production and partition, and their relation to microstructural change in QIC. Cu50Zr50is taken as a model material, and its compression is simulated by molecular dynamics. On the basis of atomistic simulation-informed physicalproperties and free energy, the thermodynamic path is recovered, and the entropy production and its relation to microstructural change aresuccessfully quantified by the proposed framework. Contrary to intuition, entropy production during QIC of metallic glasses is relativelyinsensitive to the strain rate ˙γ when ˙γ ranges from 7.5 × 10^(8) to 2 × 10^(9)/s, which are values reachable in QIC experiments, with a magnitudeof the order of 10^(−2)kB/atom per GPa. However, when ˙γ is extremely high (>2 × 10^(9)/s), a notable increase in entropy production rate with˙γ is observed. The Taylor–Quinney factor is found to vary with strain but not with strain rate in the simulated regime. It is demonstrated thatentropy production is dominated by the configurational part, compared with the vibrational part. In the rate-insensitive regime, the increase inconfigurational entropy exhibits a linear relation to the Shannon-entropic quantification of microstructural change, and a stretched exponential relation to the Taylor–Quinney factor. The quantification of entropy is expected to provide thermodynamic insights into the fundamentalrelation between microstructure evolution and plastic dissipation.

Quantum information entropies of the eigenstates for the Pschl-Teller-like potential

Shannon entropy for lower position and momentum eigenstates of Ptschl-Teller-like potential is evaluated. Based on the entropy densities demonstrated graphically, we note that the wave through of the position information entropy density p （x） moves right when the potential parameter V1 increases and its amplitude decreases. However, its wave through moves left with the increase in the potential parameter 丨V2丨. Concerning the momentum information entropy density p（p）, we observe that its amplitude increases with increasing potential parameter V1, but its amplitude decreases with increasing丨V2丨. The Bialynicki-Birula-Mycielski （BBM） inequality has also been tested for a number of states. Moreover, there exist eigenstates that exhibit squeezing in the momentum information entropy. Finally, we note that position information entropy increases with V1, but decreases with 丨V2丨, However, the variation of momentum information entropy is contrary to that of the position information entropy.

Relativistic Information Entropy on Uncertainty Analysis

in this paper, a new approach to relativistic information entropy is used to assess some relative uncertainties in structural reliability assessment. This approach is composed of the information theory and the relativistic theory, and can be used to measure the relativity of parameter uncertainty and system uncertainty in structural reliability theory based on the same generalized relativistic reference system. Therefore, the structural reliability assessment can be assessed reasonably by the approach.

Energy Content of Gravitation as a Way to Quantify Both Entropy and Information Generation in the Early Universe

Based upon Alcubierre’s formalism about energy flux of gravitational waves, as well as Saunder’s treatment of temperature dependence of the Hubble parameter in the early universe, we initiate a particle count treatment of gravitons, and subsequent entropy generation which gives, via the standard model treatment of the FRW metric a way to explain/justify a value of entropy of the order of S～106-107 at the very onset of inflation.

Information Entropy and Squeezing of Quantum Fluctuations in a Two-Level Atom

We study the atomic squeezing in the language of the quantum information theory.A rigorous entropy uncertainty relation which suits for characterizing the squeezing of a two-level atoms is obtained,and a general definition of information entropy squeezing in the two-level atoms is given.The information entropy squeezing of two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode quantum field is examined.Our results show that the information entropy is a superior measure of the quantum uncertainty of atomic observable,also is a remarkable good precision measure of atomic squeezing.When the population difference of two-level atom is zero,the definition of atomic squeezing based on the Heisenberg uncertainty relation is trivial,while the definition of information entropy squeezing of the atom based on the entropy uncertainty relation is valid and can provide full information on the atomic squeezing in any cases.

基于Dematel-Entropy耦合赋权的煤层顶板富水性评价

矿井的安全问题一直是矿业领域关注的重点,而准确评估含水层的富水性是进行涌水或突水灾害风险分析的首要前提。以大南湖七号煤矿一、二分区3煤顶板为研究对象,首先,在分析采区的地质及水文地质条件的基础上,选取了含水层厚度、隔水指数、煤层倾角、岩心采取率、砂泥互层指数、岩性结构指数6个因素作为评价富水性的主要指标;然后,采用Dematel(决策实验室法)-Entropy(熵值法)确定主客观权重,利用信息熵原理协调2种评价方法之间既竞争又一致的关系,得到各影响因素组合权重;最后,结合GIS分析功能对含水层富水性进行评价分区。研究结果表明:一分区整体为弱富水性,二分区以中等-强富水性为主,评价结果准确率达80%以上,可为煤层顶板含水层的疏水方案提供参考。