OpenEmulator:一种面向TSN芯片验证的联合仿真平台

硬件仿真器是加快时间敏感网络TSN芯片验证的重要手段。由于TSN芯片复杂性远低于SoC芯片,基于CPU的硬件仿真器可满足TSN芯片验证的需求。为满足TSN芯片设计需求,设计实现了一个面向TSN芯片验证的硬件仿真器OpenEmulator。针对TSN系统仿真的特点,提出了一种应用于OpenEmulator的时间同步互锁机制,实现了运行芯片HDL设计代码的硬件仿真域与运行真实TSN软件的物理域之间的精确时间同步。OpenEmulator已经在OpenTSN芯片设计中得到应用,基于普通PC机,可在20 min内仿真包含6个节点的TSN网络初始化和首次时间同步功能,大大提升了TSN芯片仿真验证的效率。目前OpenEmulator已经开源并集成到最新发布的OpenTSN开源项目3.4版本中。

Magnetic Field Emulations of Small Inhibitor RNA: Effects on Implanted GL261 Tumors in C57BL/6 Immune Competent Mice

EMulate Therapeutics has developed a system for emulating the effects of solvated molecules via their magnetic field recordings. Recordings of magnetic field emissions of select small inhibitor RNAs (siRNAs;murine targeting CTLA-4 and murine targeting PD-1) were tested on C57Bl/6 mice implanted subcutaneously with the GL261 murine tumor cell line. A signal composed of concatenated recordings of siRNA molecules targeting the murine CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors (labeled A2) was used in immune competent C57Bl/6 mice. The mice were flank implanted with the murine glioblastoma cell line GL261. Mice were exposed to the signal continuously (24 hours a day) until tumor volumes reached the designated volume limit. Tumors were excised and analyzed via PAGE/Western blot for the expression of CTLA-4, PD-1, Ki67, Caspase 3, CD4 and CD8. Terminal blood draws were used for CBCs. We report the down regulation of the checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4 in the exposed mice. Significant tumor volume reduction was observed in mice exposed to the siRNA signal compared to control mice;no adverse events were recorded. Cell blood counts (CBC) and protein expression patterns were observed to correlate with the expected function of protein expression inhibition of the targets.

Exponential flux-controlled memristor model and its floating emulator

As commercial memristors are still unavailable in the market, mathematic models and emulators which can imitate the features of the mernristor are meaningful for further research. In this paper, based on the analyses of characteristics of the q-φ curve, an exponential flux-controlled model, which has the quality that its memductance （memristance） will keep monotonically increasing or decreasing unless the voltage＇s polarity reverses （if not approach the boundaries）, is constructed. A new approach to designing the floating emulator of the memristor is also proposed. This floating structure can flexibly meet various demands for the current through the memristor （especially the demand for a larger current）. The simulations and experiments are presented to confirm the effectiveness of this model and its floating emulator.

Effective Capacity in Cognitive Radio Networks with Relay and Primary User Emulator

In this paper,the transmission performances are studied in cognitive radio networks with primary user emulator and relay existence.In the proposed network,the users include primary users,secondary users and primary user emulators.The decreasing access priority of the users are primary users,primary user emulators and secondary users.Different user access to the network results in different transmission effects.We impose interference power constraints on the secondary users to protect the primary users from being interfered.We also adopt the transmission mechanism that transits among more than one secondary transmitters,secondary receivers and relays.The transition models of the transmission states are proposed to describe the transmission mechanism.To investigate the transmission performances,the theory of effective capacity is adopted.The transmission performances in terms of effective capacity are expressed and demonstrated under different transmission policies.The overall effective capacity,as the overall data traffic in the cognitive radio network,is calculated.Besides,the overall effective capacity is demonstrated under different transmission strategies.The results show the greedy transmission strategy outperforms the rest of the transmission 8 policies in the overall effective capacity.For a larger number of the users,the effective capacity converges to a certain value.

Research on numerical emulator of mine methane and coal dust explosion

The mathematical physics model of mine methane and coal dust explosion propagation was established in the research,by using continuous phase,combustion,par- ticulate equations of mathematical physics.Based upon the data from mine methane drainage roadway explosion,and mine methane and coal dust explosion propagation ex- perimental studies,the numerical emulator system of mine methane and coal dust explo- sion software was developed by using prevalent flow simulation platform,which can be used to simulate the explosion accidents process effectively.In addition,the system can also be used to determine whether coal dust involved in the explosion,and to simulate accurately the transition from deflagration to detonation in methane explosion,propagation velocity of explosion shock,attenuation pattern,and affected area of explosion.

Inverter-Based Diesel Generator Emulator for the Study of Frequency Variations in a Laboratory-Scale Autonomous Power System

This paper presents the modeling, simulation and practical implementation of an inverter-based diesel generator emulator. The main purpose of this emulator is for the study of frequency variations in diesel-based autonomous power systems in a laboratory environment where the operation of a real diesel generator is not possible. The emulator basically consists in a voltage source inverter with a second order output filter which voltage references are given by the model of the diesel generator. The control of the emulator is based on the digital signal processor TMS320F2812, where the mathematical models of the diesel generator and the control of the inverter are computed in real-time. Parameters for the model were obtained from commercially available components. Experimental results for different values of speed droop showed that the emulator achieves a satisfactory performance in the transient and stationary response. For the stationary response, the measured frequency deviates from theoretical values with a mean absolute error of: 0.06 Hz for 0% droop, 0.037 Hz for 3% droop, and 0.087 Hz for 5% droop. For the transient response, the measured frequency nadir deviates from simulations in: 0.05 Hz for 0% droop, 0.02 Hz for 3% droop, and 0.1 Hz for 5% droop.

Assessment of Quality of Experience (QoE) of Web and Video Services over a Mobile Network Using a Network Emulator

This paper investigates the subjective assessment of QoE of web and video services over a mobile network. To achieve this, the authors used the network emulator (NetEm) traffic control functionality to simulate the dynamic behaviour of a mobile network. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory setting and test conditions were varied to ascertain the QoE, with a focus on QoE metrics such as delay and packet loss ratio. From the experiments conducted, it was observed that there was a negative correlation between delay and average mean opinion score (MOS), and between packet loss ratio and average MOS. The results obtained can be adopted by network operators to provide better services which would lead to improved subscriber base and profitability for the operators and better QoE for the end users.

Suppression of ferroresonance using passive memristor emulator

Power system inherently consists of capacitance and inductance in its components. Equipment with saturable inductance and circuit capacitance provides circumstances of generating ferroresonance, resulting in overvoltage and overcurrent in the connected system. The effects of ferroresonance result in insulation failure and hence damage to the equipment is unavoidable. Though many devices are proposed for mitigating such circumstances, a promising technology of using memristors may provide better performance than others in the future. A memristor emulator using the N-channel JFET J310 is used in this work. Unlike other electronic components that replicate memristor properties, the chosen memristor emulator is a passive device since it does not need any external power supply. Simulation and experimental results verify the design of a memristor emulator and the characteristics of an ideal memristor. Experimental results prove that the memristor emulator can suppress the fundamental ferroresonance induced in a prototype single phase transformer. The results of the harmonic analysis also validate the memristor performance against the conventional technique.

On Dynamic Channel Emulation in Sector MPAC for Over-the-Air Testing of Beamformed Massive MIMO Devices

In this article,novel emulation strategies for the sectored multiple probe anechoic chamber(SMPAC)are proposed to enable the reliable evaluation of the massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)device operating at beamforming mode,which requires a realistic non-stationary channel environment.For the dynamic propagation emulation,an efficient closed-form probe weighting strategy minimizing the power angular spectrum(PAS)emulation errors is derived,substantially reducing the associated computational complexity.On the other hand,a novel probe selection algorithm is proposed to reproduce a more accurate fading environment.Various standard channel models and setup configurations are comprehensively simulated to validate the capacity of the proposed methods.The simulation results show that more competent active probes are selected with the proposed method compared to the conventional algorithms.Furthermore,the derived closedform probe weighting strategy offers identical accuracy to that obtained with complicated numerical optimization.Moreover,a realistic dynamic channel measured in an indoor environment is reconstructed with the developed methodologies,and 95.6%PAS similarity can be achieved with 6 active probes.The satisfactory results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are suitable for arbitrary channel emulation.

A Massively Parallel Re-Configurable Mesh Computer Emulator: Design, Modeling and Realization

Emulating massively parallel computer architectures represents a very important tool for the parallel programmers. It allows them to implement and validate their algorithms. Due to the high cost of the massively parallel real machines, they remain unavailable and not popular in the parallel computing community. The goal of this paper is to present an elaborated emulator of a 2-D massively parallel re-configurable mesh computer of size n x n processing elements (PE). Basing on the object modeling method, we develop a hard kernel of a parallel virtual machine in which we translate all the physical properties of its different components. A parallel programming language and its compiler are also devel-oped to edit, compile and run programs. The developed emulator is a multi platform system. It can be installed in any sequential computer whatever may be its operating system and its processing unit technology (CPU). The size n x n of this virtual re-configurable mesh is not limited;it depends just on the performance of the sequential machine supporting the emulator.

Development of an Emulator for the Plasma Process Control

This work aims at developing an automatic system for the control of the APS （air plasma spraying） plasma process in which some instability phenomena are present. APS is a versatile technique to produce coatings of powder material at high deposition rates. Using this technique, powder particles are injected into a plasma jet, where they are melted and accelerated towards a substrate. The coating microstructures and properties depend strongly on the characteristics of the plasma jet, which can be controlled by the adjustment of the process parameters. However, the imeractions among the spray variables, render optimization and control of this process are quite complex. Understanding relationships between coating properties and process parameters is mandatory to optimize the process technique and the product quality. We are interested in this work to build an on-line control model for the APS process based on the elements of artificial intelligence and to build an emulator that replicates the dynamic behavior of the process as closely as possible.

Research on the Model Emulator and Experiment Checkout of the Fuel Cell

In this paper a fuel cell emulator model suitable for each fuel cell type and power level is proposed. A power interface to the electronic load and a digital section are provided. The fuel cell steady-state, dynamic and thermal behaviour is modeled by the digital controller. The emulator architecture is deeply analyzed and remarks on hardware implementation algorithms are provided for further applications. The system is tested on a 10 W Proton Exchange Membrane （PEM） fuel cell and the high accuracy of the proposed emulator is shown by the comparison between experimental and simulation results.

Adaptive Emulation Framework for Multi-Architecture IoT Firmware Testing

Internet of things(IoT)devices are being increasingly used in numerous areas.However,the low priority on security and various IoT types have made these devices vulnerable to attacks.To prevent this,recent studies have analyzed firmware in an emulation environment that does not require actual devices and is efficient for repeated experiments.However,these studies focused only on major firmware architectures and rarely considered exotic firmware.In addition,because of the diversity of firmware,the emulation success rate is not high in terms of large-scale analyses.In this study,we propose the adaptive emulation framework for multi-architecture(AEMA).In the field of automated emulation frameworks for IoT firmware testing,AEMA considers the following issues:(1)limited compatibility for exotic firmware architectures,(2)emulation instability when configuring an automated environment,and(3)shallow testing range resulting from structured inputs.To tackle these problems,AEMAcan emulate not onlymajor firmware architectures but also exotic firmware architectures not previously considered,such as Xtensa,ColdFire,and reduced instruction set computer(RISC)version five,by implementing a minority emulator.Moreover,we applied the emulation arbitration technique and input keyword extraction technique for emulation stability and efficient test case generation.We compared AEMA with other existing frameworks in terms of emulation success rates and fuzz testing.As a result,AEMA succeeded in emulating 864 out of 1,083 overall experimental firmware and detected vulnerabilities at least twice as fast as the experimental group.Furthermore,AEMAfound a 0-day vulnerability in realworld IoT devices within 24 h.

虚拟仿真技术在周口店野外实践教学中的探索和实践

野外实践是地学特色化基础教学环节。野外三维地质体实践教学是理论联系实际的重要桥梁,是学以致用的先决条件。受制于时空范围约束,如何将不同尺度地质体简化成地质专业图件是科学研究的一项基本技能。但受到技术(自然)条件限制,一目不可及和肉眼不可见的区域不能集中呈现的问题是一大教学难点,理论和实际联系困难,由此导致地质观和地质思维的形成周期动辄数载。自从虚拟仿真技术应用于教学以来,突破了地质学教学的时空桎梏,将自然界的地质现象与专业术语一一对应,通过可视化呈现强化了地质现象的直观性和内在性,便于学生对现象的理解。通过大数据平台实时监测反馈实现了教学相长,缩短了地质人才的成才周期。虚拟仿真技术的应用填补了野外地质实践教学中的时空短板,实现了周口店野外实践线上和混合教学质的飞跃。

大规模复杂终端网络的云原生强化设计

作为互联网数据传输的“最后一公里”,终端网络看似简单却构成99%的性能瓶颈.经典设计面向典型设备常规环境,难以兼顾多样化场景,导致严重性能落差.通过云端汇聚并深度诊断大规模终端网络异常,在可用、可靠、可信3个关键维度揭示经典设计多处重要缺陷,采用跨层跨代的协同强化方法针对性修复(如时变非齐次4G/5G双连接管理方法最小化断网概率),实现无场景预设的自调控机制设计.应用于公安部高速网络、1700万“测网速”app用户、七千万小米手机、一亿百度手机卫士用户以及九亿WiFi设备.近年来进一步开展基于云端模拟器的前瞻网络设计,无需真实用户设备参与即可发现并修复潜在缺陷,让终端网络设计“生于云、长于云”.研究成果应用于华为DevEco Studio集成开发环境、腾讯应用市场、谷歌安卓模拟器及字节跳动多款流行应用(如抖音和今日头条).

面向突发公共卫生事件的城市韧性评价与仿真研究

突发公共卫生事件是现代城市面临的严重威胁和重要挑战,文章以武汉市为研究对象,首先基于韧性理论从自然、经济、社会、物理和组织五个维度构建面向突发公共卫生事件的城市韧性评价指标体系,然后运用系统动力学方法构建城市韧性仿真模型,评估武汉市2009—2020年的城市韧性水平,最后模拟仿真不同发展情景下2021—2030年城市韧性变化趋势,并提出针对性的韧性提升措施。研究结果表明:第一,对城市韧性影响最大的因素分别为信息传输和计算机服务从业人员数、公共管理和社会组织单位从业人员数以及卫生机构数;第二,2009—2020年武汉市城市韧性总体水平稳步提升,各子系统韧性呈现波浪式增长特征,但2020年受新冠肺炎疫情的影响,其组织、经济、社会和物理韧性出现了较为剧烈的波动;第三,不同发展情景下,2021—2030年武汉市城市韧性发展趋势差异显著,其中韧性发展型最优,现状延续型最差。

复合推进剂细观力学行为试验及数值仿真研究进展

复合固体推进剂是一种以黏合剂体系为连续相,固体颗粒为分散相的高固体颗粒填充比例的复合含能材料,其宏观尺度力学行为强烈依赖于其细观尺度的三维结构。从推进剂细观力学行为角度综述了复合推进剂细观结构的界面特性和复合推进剂细观结构模型,数值分析了复合推进剂细观损伤演化,通过试验验证了推进剂细观损伤与宏观力学性能的相关性,指出了推进剂宏观性能的微细观结构影响机制,分析了目前标准的现状。为高颗粒填充高能固体推进剂的构效关系及配方设计与创制和复合推进剂标准建设提供重要参考。

实现纹波电流还原的PMSM端口模拟算法

电机模拟器作为一种模拟电机端口特性的三相电力电子装置,为电驱动系统的测试提供了高效的测试手段。电机模拟器还原目标电机端口特性的标志是精确还原目标电机的工作电流,现有研究实现了基波电流及较低阶次谐波电流的还原,但针对电机在电机控制器驱动下的高频纹波电流的还原仍严重依赖滤波电感与目标电机电感的匹配,降低了电机模拟器的通用性。为此,本文基于电路等效虚拟法将永磁同步电机等效电路拆分为两部分,一部分由电机模拟器实际电路代替,另一部分由控制算法模拟,并结合无差拍电流预测控制对控制差拍进行了补偿,提出了前馈解耦无差拍电流跟随策略。实验结果表明,基于新提出的永磁同步电机端口模拟算法,电机模拟器可以在不更换电感的情况下模拟不同参数的永磁同步电机,高频纹波电流的频域跟踪误差从传统策略的160%降低至20%,显著提高了电机模拟器对永磁同步电机端口特性的模拟精度。

使用模拟目标试验框架对脑出血患者是否应停用他汀类药物相关研究的方法学质量评价

目的:使用模拟目标试验(TTE)框架,对脑出血(ICH)患者是否停用他汀类药物的观察性研究进行方法学质量评价,总结可以避免的常见方法学缺陷,为后续研究设计提供方法学参考。方法:通过文献研究法筛选符合纳入与排除标准的文献,使用TTE框架评价所纳入文献的方法学质量,包括纳入与排除标准、治疗策略、随机分配方法、随访的开始及结束、结局指标、因果对比、统计分析方案等7个方面。结果:共纳入8篇队列研究,将患者分为两组,其中暴露组患者停用他汀类药物,非暴露组患者继续使用他汀类药物。方法学评价存在以下问题,2项研究将基线后的信息作为排除标准;4项研究未具体描述治疗策略;4项研究无模拟随机分配的方法;3项研究的协变量选择没有明确的文献依据;1项研究未描述随访的时间节点;所有研究均未明确指出采用意向性治疗(ITT)分析或符合方案(PP)分析;仅2项研究描述了处理缺失数据的方法,但选择了直接删除有缺失数据的患者。结论:未来ICH后中止他汀类药物对临床预后影响的类似研究应避免使用基线后的信息来定义纳入与排除标准,明确因果推断(理想情况下同时包括ITT和PP分析),并考虑使用文献综述或临床经验进行协变量的筛选(最好使用有向无环图)。