The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and largely unknown. Until recently, research has focused on the study of protein regulators in inflammation to reveal the cellular and molecular network...The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and largely unknown. Until recently, research has focused on the study of protein regulators in inflammation to reveal the cellular and molecular networks in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, in the last few years, new and promising insights have been generated from studies describing an association between an altered expression of a specific class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) and IBD. The short (approximately 22 nucleotides), endogenous, single-stranded RNAs are evolutionary conserved inanimals and plants, and regulate specific target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in several biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it is estimated that miRNAs may be responsible for regulating the expression of nearly one-third of the genes in the human genome. Thus, miRNA deregulation often results in an impaired cellular function, and a disturbance of downstream gene regulation and signaling cascades, suggesting their implication in disease etiology. Despite the identification of more than 1900 mature human miRNAs, very little is known about their biological functions and functional targets. Recent studies have identified dysregulated miRNAs in tissue samples of IBD patients and have demonstrated similar differences in circulating miRNAs in the serum of IBD patients. Thus, there is great promise that miRNAs will aid in the early diagnosis of IBD, and in the development of personalized therapies. Here, we provide a short review of the current state-of-the-art of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics.展开更多
Colonoscopic surveillance is advocated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) for detection of dys-plasia. There are many issues regarding surveillance in IBD: the risk of colorectal cancer seems to be de-cr...Colonoscopic surveillance is advocated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) for detection of dys-plasia. There are many issues regarding surveillance in IBD: the risk of colorectal cancer seems to be de-creasing in the majority of recently published studies, necessitating revisions of surveillance strategy; surveil-lance guidelines are not based on concrete evidence; commencement and frequency of surveillance, cost-effectiveness and adherence to surveillance have been issues that are only partly answered. The traditional technique of random biopsy is neither evidence-based nor easy to practice. Therefore, highlighting abnormal areas with newer technology and biopsy from these areas are the way forward. Of the newer technology, digital mucosal enhancement, such as high-definition white light endoscopy and chromoendoscopy(with magnification) have been incorporated in guidelines. Dyeless chromoendoscopy(narrow band imaging) has not yet shown potential, whereas some forms of digital chromoendoscopy(i-Scan more than Fujinon intelligent color enhancement) have shown promise for colonoscopic surveillance in IBD. Other techniquessuch as autofluorescence imaging, endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy need further evidence. Surveillance with genetic markers(tissue, serum or stool) is at an early stage. This article discusses changing epidemiology of colorectal cancer development in IBD and critically evaluates issues regarding colonoscopic surveillance in IBD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection in heat stroke （HS） rats and to inves- tigate the mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS： Sixty anesthetized rats were random- ized into thre...OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection in heat stroke （HS） rats and to inves- tigate the mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS： Sixty anesthetized rats were random- ized into three groups and intravenously injected twice daily for 3 days with 4 mL XBJ （XBJ group） or phosphate buffered saline （HS and Sham groups） per kg body weight. HS was initiated in the HS and XBJ groups by placing rats in a simulated climate chamber （ambient temperature 40℃：, humidity 60% ）. Rectal temperature, aterial pressure, and heart rate were monitored and recorded. Time to HS onset and survival were determined, and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, in-terleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6, alanine-aminotransferase （ALT）, and aspartate-aminotransferase （AST） were measured. Hepatic tissue was harvested for patho- logical examination and electron microscopic ex- amination. Kupffer cells （KCs） were separated from liver at HS initiation, and the concentrations of se- creted TNF-α, IL-1β3 and IL-6 were measured. RESULTS： Time to HS onset and survival were signif- icantly longer in the XBJ than in the HS group. Moreover, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ALT and AST were lower and liver injury was milder in the XBJ than in the HS group. Heat-stress in- duced structural changes in KCs and hepatic cells were more severe in the HS than in the XBJ group and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 se- creted by KCs were lower in the XBJ than in the HS group. CONCLUSION： XBJ can alleviate HS-induced sys- temic inflammatory response syndrome and liver injury in rats, and improve outcomes. These protec- tive effects may be due to the ability of XBJ to inhib- it cytokine secretion by KCs.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants from Fonden til Lgevidenskabens Fremme(the AP Mller Foundation)the Family Erichsen Memorial Foundation+2 种基金the Lundbeck Foundationthe Axel Muusfeldts Foundationthe Foundation of Aase and Ejnar Danielsen
文摘The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and largely unknown. Until recently, research has focused on the study of protein regulators in inflammation to reveal the cellular and molecular networks in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, in the last few years, new and promising insights have been generated from studies describing an association between an altered expression of a specific class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) and IBD. The short (approximately 22 nucleotides), endogenous, single-stranded RNAs are evolutionary conserved inanimals and plants, and regulate specific target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in several biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it is estimated that miRNAs may be responsible for regulating the expression of nearly one-third of the genes in the human genome. Thus, miRNA deregulation often results in an impaired cellular function, and a disturbance of downstream gene regulation and signaling cascades, suggesting their implication in disease etiology. Despite the identification of more than 1900 mature human miRNAs, very little is known about their biological functions and functional targets. Recent studies have identified dysregulated miRNAs in tissue samples of IBD patients and have demonstrated similar differences in circulating miRNAs in the serum of IBD patients. Thus, there is great promise that miRNAs will aid in the early diagnosis of IBD, and in the development of personalized therapies. Here, we provide a short review of the current state-of-the-art of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics.
文摘Colonoscopic surveillance is advocated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) for detection of dys-plasia. There are many issues regarding surveillance in IBD: the risk of colorectal cancer seems to be de-creasing in the majority of recently published studies, necessitating revisions of surveillance strategy; surveil-lance guidelines are not based on concrete evidence; commencement and frequency of surveillance, cost-effectiveness and adherence to surveillance have been issues that are only partly answered. The traditional technique of random biopsy is neither evidence-based nor easy to practice. Therefore, highlighting abnormal areas with newer technology and biopsy from these areas are the way forward. Of the newer technology, digital mucosal enhancement, such as high-definition white light endoscopy and chromoendoscopy(with magnification) have been incorporated in guidelines. Dyeless chromoendoscopy(narrow band imaging) has not yet shown potential, whereas some forms of digital chromoendoscopy(i-Scan more than Fujinon intelligent color enhancement) have shown promise for colonoscopic surveillance in IBD. Other techniquessuch as autofluorescence imaging, endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy need further evidence. Surveillance with genetic markers(tissue, serum or stool) is at an early stage. This article discusses changing epidemiology of colorectal cancer development in IBD and critically evaluates issues regarding colonoscopic surveillance in IBD.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81101406,81071529)the Project of Medical Research of PLA BWS12J108
文摘OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection in heat stroke （HS） rats and to inves- tigate the mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS： Sixty anesthetized rats were random- ized into three groups and intravenously injected twice daily for 3 days with 4 mL XBJ （XBJ group） or phosphate buffered saline （HS and Sham groups） per kg body weight. HS was initiated in the HS and XBJ groups by placing rats in a simulated climate chamber （ambient temperature 40℃：, humidity 60% ）. Rectal temperature, aterial pressure, and heart rate were monitored and recorded. Time to HS onset and survival were determined, and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, in-terleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6, alanine-aminotransferase （ALT）, and aspartate-aminotransferase （AST） were measured. Hepatic tissue was harvested for patho- logical examination and electron microscopic ex- amination. Kupffer cells （KCs） were separated from liver at HS initiation, and the concentrations of se- creted TNF-α, IL-1β3 and IL-6 were measured. RESULTS： Time to HS onset and survival were signif- icantly longer in the XBJ than in the HS group. Moreover, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ALT and AST were lower and liver injury was milder in the XBJ than in the HS group. Heat-stress in- duced structural changes in KCs and hepatic cells were more severe in the HS than in the XBJ group and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 se- creted by KCs were lower in the XBJ than in the HS group. CONCLUSION： XBJ can alleviate HS-induced sys- temic inflammatory response syndrome and liver injury in rats, and improve outcomes. These protec- tive effects may be due to the ability of XBJ to inhib- it cytokine secretion by KCs.
