Effects of dietary oil sources and fat extraction methods on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs

Background:There is a lack of data for the standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of fat and fatty acids in national feed databases.In addition,it is important to specify the procedures used for fat analyses.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to 1) determine the apparent ileal digestibility(AID) and SID of fat and fatty acids in ten different oil sources for growing pigs and to develop prediction equations for SID of fat based on fatty acid composition;and 2) compare the effect of the fat extraction methods on the calculated values for endogenous loss and digestibility of fat.Methods:Twenty-two barrows(initial body weight:32.1 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum,and allotted to 1 of 11 experimental diets in a 4-period Youden Square design.A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch,soy protein isolate and sucrose.Ten oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6% of dietary oil sources to the fat-free diet at the expense of cornstarch.All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide.Results:The endogenous loss of ether extract(EE) was lower than that of acid-hydrolyzed fat(AEE;P < 0.01).There were significant differences in the AID and SID of fat and saturated fatty acids across the dietary oil sources(P < 0.05).The SID of AEE for palm oil was lower than that of sunflower oil,corn oil,canola oil,rice oil and flaxseed oil(P < 0.01).The AID and SID of fat ranged from 79.65% to 86.97% and from 91.14% to 99.18%.Although the AID of EE was greater than that of AEE(P < 0.01),there was no significant difference in SID of EE and AEE except for palm oil.The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U/S) had a positive correlation with SID of fat(P < 0.05),whereas C16:0 and long chain saturated fatty acids(LSFA) were significant negatively correlated with SID of fat(P < 0.01).The best-fit equation to predict SID of fat was SID AEE = 102.75-0.15 × LSFA-0.74 × C18:0-0.03 × C18:1(Adjusted coefficient of determination = 0.88,P < 0.01).Conclusions:When calculating the SID of fat,the EE content of the samples can be analyzed using the direct extraction method,whereas the acid hydrolysis procedure should be used to determine the AID of fat.Fat digestibility of dietary oils was affected by their fatty acid composition,especially by the contents of C16:0,LSFA and U/S.

Scientific connotation of “treating different diseases with the same method” from the perspective of metabolic-immune dysregulation in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis of digestive organs

Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system.In the chronic inflammation microenvironment,the metabolic activity of tissue cells undergoes extensive changes,which interfere with the normal function of immune cells.Dysregulation of cell metabolism and immune function has been identified as a key factor contributing to inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis within the major digestive organs,such as the stomach,liver,and colorectum.This metabolic-immune imbalance also corresponds to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theories of“yin-yang disharmony”and“disharmony between Ying-nutrients and Wei-defense.”The metabolic-immune imbalance has also been regarded as the key factor supporting“treatment of different diseases with the same method”,in which the same approach is adopted in the treatment of different conditions.In the TCM treatment process,it is necessary to first identify TCM patterns and then apply the corresponding TCM to correct the dysregulated metabolic and immune function,thereby blocking the progression from inflammation to malignancy.Our study findings deepen the TCM understanding of metabolic-immune dysregulation and the relationship between metabolic-immune dysregulation,pattern identification,and treatment method.They also provide new insights for the treatment of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in major digestive organs and help us further explore the scientific connotation of the TCM strategy of“treating different diseases with the same method”.

Effects of Crops, Soil Types and Irrigation Methods on Digestion Capacity of Biogas Slurry

In the research, pot experiment and field testing were conducted to study the effect of different crops, soil types, and irrigation modes on biogas slurry diges- tions. The results showed that when silage maize, sweet sorghum and Chinese cabbage were planted in purple soils, the quantities of digested biogas slurry were of 57, 157.5, and 34.5 t/hm2, respectively, while the quantities of digested biogas slurry were 70.5, 157.5 and 40.5 t/hm2 in yellow soils. Besides, the digested biogas slurries reached 36 and 27 t/hm2 as per flood irrigation and sprinkling irrigation when Chinese cabbages were planted in yellow soils. The research indicated crop variety, soil type, and irrigation method all have effects on farmland digestion of biogas slurry.

The determination of 52 elements in marine geological samples by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a high-pressure closed digestion method

An improved analytical method to determine the content of 52 major, minor and trace elements in marine geological samples, using a HF-HCl-HNO_3 acid system with a high-pressure closed digestion method（HPCD）, is studied by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry（ICP-OES） and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. The operating parameters of the instruments are optimized, and the optimal analytical parameters are determined. The influences of optical spectrum and mass spectrum interferences, digestion methods and acid systems on the analytical results are investigated. The optimal spectral lines and isotopes are chosen, and internal standard element of rhodium is selected to compensate for matrix effects and analytical signals drifting. Compared with the methods of an electric heating plate digestion and a microwave digestion, a high-pressure closed digestion method is optimized with less acid, complete digestion,less damage for digestion process. The marine geological samples are dissolved completely by a HF-HCl-HNO_3 system, the relative error（RE） for the analytical results are all less than 6.0%. The method detection limits are 2–40μg/g by the ICP-OES, and 6–80 ng/g by ICP-MS. The methods are used to determine the marine sediment reference materials（GBW07309, GBW07311, GBW07313）, rock reference materials（GBW07103, GBW07104,GBW07105）, and cobalt-rich crust reference materials（GBW07337, GBW07338, GBW07339）, the obtained analytical results are in agreement with the certified values, and both of the relative standard deviation（RSD） and the relative error（RE） are less than 6.0%. The analytical method meets the requirements for determining 52 elements contents of bulk marine geological samples.

A Comparative Study of the Difference Method and the Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Casein Method for Determining True Amino Acid Digestibilities and Endogenous Amino Acid Losses in Duck Feed

In this study, we examined the varia- tions between the difference method and the enzyme- hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets. These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free （N-free） diet method. The difference method was based on soy- bean meal as the only protein source, with the experi- mental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%. The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the pro- tein source, with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%. The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers. In each meth- od,64 Tianfu meat drakes （7-weeks-old） with an av- erage body weight of 2.77±0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups, and fed four different diets. Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino aciddigestibility, endogenous amino acid loss and true a- mino acid digestibility. The results demonstrated that using the difference, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods, endogenous amino acid losses were 0. 9946,1. 2243 and 0. 9297 mg/g dry matter in- take （ DMI）, respectively. The true amino acid digest- ibility measured by the difference method was 88.93 %±4.43 %. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed ca- sein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, the digestibility was 91.15%±4.33% and 91.97%±4. 16%, respectively, and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20% ,it was 88.55%±4.29% and 88.82 %±4.61%, respectively. The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %, the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous ami- no acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.

Methodological impact of starch determination on starch content and ileal digestibility of starch in grain legumes for growing pigs

Background： Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility（AID） of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch determination.Methods： Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans（Vicia faba L.） and peas（Pisum sativum L.）, five different cultivars of lupins（Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.）, and one diet with a soybean meal（SBM） were fed.Results： The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically（438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter（DM） in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively）.Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM（analyzed polarimetrically） and ＆lt;1.1 and 3 g/kg DM（analyzed enzymatically）, respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ADF） in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis（84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas）. Moreover, AID of starch differed（P ＆lt; 0.05）within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly（P ＆lt; 0.05） as the content of condensed tannins increased. However, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean cultivars.Conclusion： Both contents and AID of starch in grain legumes can vary as influenced by the analytical method used for starch determination. Generally, starch digestibility is greater when measured by polarimetric rather than enzymatic methods.

Non-decoloured In-gel Digestion of Coomassie Blue-stained Proteins

A simplified method is presented for tryptic digestion of Coomassie brilliant blue(CBB)-stained proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method does not require a removal of the dye before digestion, and is thus faster and saves a lot of labor. The resulted digest can be analyzed by either RPLC/ESIMS or MALDI MS for identification of the protein in a conventional way. Model studies with bovine serum albumin(BSA) showed that 50 ng of the protein could be routinely identified. The simplified procedure displays a tendency to produce more incompletely cleaved peptides, which is favorable for improving the sequence coverage.

不同熟化方式下甘薯咀嚼加工及食团特性的比较分析

为探究不同熟化方式下甘薯的咀嚼加工行为及食团特性,该研究考察了熟化方式对甘薯的质构、淀粉含量及淀粉短程有序性的影响,并进行咀嚼试验,跟踪分析受试者咀嚼至吞咽点食团的水分含量、咀嚼参数、唾液分泌情况、食团特性以及淀粉消化情况。结果表明:倒蒸甘薯条和煮甘薯干片的硬度、弹性、胶粘性、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性均显著高于其他4种熟化甘薯制品(P<0.05),熟化甘薯制品中淀粉含量及淀粉短程有序性均显著低于鲜甘薯(P<0.05)。在不同熟化方式甘薯制品的咀嚼试验中,咀嚼参数中的一口量、咀嚼次数、咀嚼时间、进食速率存在显著差异(P<0.05);回收食团的平均中值粒径(D50)(1.55~2.65 mm)与样品硬度、胶粘性和咀嚼性呈显著正相关(P<0.05);样品形态以及受试者主观性的差异使样品咀嚼时的平均唾液添加量(0.41~0.94g/g干基)和平均唾液流速(45.92~72.65mg/s)存在显著差异(P<0.05);咀嚼后的平均总淀粉消化率最高为蒸制甘薯(88.35%),最低为微波甘薯(34.32%)。该研究为深入研究甘薯消化特性以及甘薯精深加工奠定理论基础。

小肽在饲料中的应用研究进展

肽是由2~20个氨基酸组成的短链小分子蛋白,在生物体内具有重要的生物学功能。这些功能包括调节生长和发育、增强免疫反应、代谢调控和抗菌活性等。从植物、动物和食品加工副产品等不同来源生产具有生物活性和功能性的肽类饲料,是解决蛋白资源紧缺问题的有效方法之一。本文综述了肽的制备方法和功能分类,并概述其在动物生长、免疫、抗氧化性和肠道健康方面的影响情况。这将有助于揭示肽类在饲料中的作用机制,改进肽的性能和利用率,以及开发更环保、健康和高效的肽生物制品,对提高动物生产效益、保护环境和促进畜牧业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

微波消解-钼酸铅重量法测定焙烧钼精矿中钼含量

采用微波消解方法对焙烧钼精矿样品消解,用乙酸铅沉淀溶液中的钼酸根生成钼酸铅沉淀,沉淀经过滤、洗涤、灼烧、称重。氨水分离后残渣中的钼用硫氰酸盐分光光度法进行测定后予以补正,计算得到钼含量,测定范围:40.00%~65.00%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。

ICP-AES法测定电炉渣中二氧化硅

本文研究了采用酸溶的方式消解样品,ICP-AES光谱法测定电炉渣中二氧化硅的分析方法。采用浓盐酸和浓硝酸溶解电炉尾料样品,加入氢氟酸消解二氧化硅和硼酸络合氟离子,采用ICP-AES法测定电炉尾料样品中的二氧化硅含量。二氧化硅的相对标准偏差RSD为0.35%~0.58%,加标回收率为95.6%~102.3%。方法加标回收率好,满足分析方法要求。

核酸适配体筛选中单链DNA制备方法的研究进展

核酸适配体是人工合成的短链核酸,作为分子识别元件,能够与各类靶标物质高特异性、高亲和力的结合,分为单链DNA和RNA两种类型。其中单链DNA适配体由于其稳定性比RNA适配体更好而更受欢迎,因此得到广泛应用。核酸适配体筛选通常是通过配体指数富集系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)实现的,筛选能否成功在很大程度上取决于其最关键的单链制备步骤,即将双链DNA转化为相应的单链DNA。目前,存在许多方法可以制备单链DNA,包括热变性法、生物素-链霉亲和素亲和分离法、变性胶电泳分离法、核酸外切酶消化法、不对称聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)法等。本文在总结文献报道的基础上,具体阐述了各种单链DNA制备方法的原理、优缺点及近5年的应用情况,并对这些单链DNA制备方法进行了比较和展望,以期能为成功筛选各类靶标的核酸适配体提供参考。

中医药辨治消化道早癌的思路与方法

总结对消化道早癌的中医认识,治疗方法及用药思路;认为消化道早癌病位在脾胃,与肝肾密切相关,中医考虑多与脾胃虚弱,升降失常,肝失疏泄,肾气化失司,水湿代谢输布失常,气机阻滞,络脉瘀滞,邪有所留;或湿阻郁热;或阳气生化不足,阴气凝聚,痰湿、瘀、寒热、毒邪互结而成,辨证时需辨别寒热虚实,治疗上以调脾胃,复升降为先,清热为标,温阳为本,疏肝畅机、祛湿化痰、化瘀散结为辅,酌加解毒药,同时强调分阶段治疗。有症状时辨病论治以治标,症状缓解后三因治宜以治本,同时强调及时筛查,注重饮食生活调养,定期复查。

花鲈肠上皮细胞原代培养及鉴定方法的探讨研究

为探究建立稳定可靠的花鲈肠上皮细胞原代培养方法,通过组织块法和酶消化法培养花鲈肠上皮细胞,确定酶消化法的最佳消化液及消化时间,所得细胞悬液于L-15培养液中进行培养。利用形态学观察、透射电镜观察和碱性磷酸酶染色方法对细胞进行鉴定。结果显示:组织块法细胞迁出情况不稳定,且迁出时间较长;酶消化法的最佳消化液为胶原酶Ⅰ、Ⅳ联合消化液,最佳消化时间为45 min;胶原酶Ⅰ、Ⅳ联合消化法获得的细胞连接紧密、排列整齐、呈上皮细胞典型的“铺路石”状,细胞相对独立、界限清晰。透射电镜观察和碱性磷酸酶染色进一步证实所培养的细胞为肠上皮细胞。总之,经胶原酶Ⅰ、Ⅳ联合消化液消化45 min、培养48 h可得到初始条件一致、生长旺盛的花鲈原代肠上皮细胞。

重铬酸盐法与快速消解分光光度法测定化学需氧量的对比

文章通过对重铬酸盐法和快速消解分光光度法检出限、精密度、正确度和不同行业的实际样品的分析,以及操作过程中的试剂前处理、操作步骤、消解时间、计算公式、产生废液量及实验效率的比较,着重讨论了两种检测方法的准确性与适用性。经分析可知,两种检测方法对实际水样中COD的测定结果相近。检出限、精密度、正确度均符合检测方法的要求,结果无明显差异。快速消解分光光度法所用试剂无需前处理、仪器操作简单、消解时间短、实验结果直接读取无需计算且产生废液量少,实验效率更高,在大批量快速检测或突发检测中的适用性远高于重铬酸盐法。

三种消解方法比较原子荧光光谱法检测富硒米和茶中硒含量

以原子荧光光谱法测定富硒米和茶中硒的含量,适当的消解方法可以节约样品处理效率,提高检测结果的准确性。分别采用微波消解法、电热板消解法和石墨管消解法对富硒米和茶进行消解处理,比较不同消解方法对富硒米和茶中硒含量的检测影响。结果表明:微波消解法更适合富硒米和茶的消解处理,其加标回收率为95.0%~100.5%,精密度小于3.0%,加标回收率及精密度优于电热板消解法和石墨管消解法;相比电热板消解法和石墨管消解法,微波消解法试剂使用量少、操作方便快捷、稳定性好。可以为富硒农产品相关检测从业者提供参考。

仿生消化法估测生长猪饲料有效能的准确性及可加性研究

旨在探讨仿生消化法估测生长猪饲料原料消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)和净能(NE)的准确性和可加性,为快速获得生长猪饲料的有效能值提供参考。采用单因素完全随机设计,以生长猪仿生消化法测定12个能量饲料、9个蛋白质饲料,以及由上述21个饲料原料配制的17个饲粮的酶水解物能值(EHGE),每个处理5个重复,每个重复1根消化管。通过EHGE、粗蛋白(CP)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)估测DE、ME及NE值。比较饲料原料有效能(DE、ME、NE)估测值与GB/T 39235-2020中同本研究同名的17个饲料原料的能量利用率乘以总能(GE)实测值得出的体内有效能值的差异及相关性,以验证仿生消化法估测饲料有效能的准确性。根据饲料原料的有效能估测值计算饲粮有效能加权值,并根据饲粮EHGE估测有效能的数学模型获得饲粮的有效能值,比较两者的差异以验证仿生消化法估测饲料有效能值的可加性。结果表明,采用GB/T 39235-2020计算的17个饲料原料的DE、ME、NE对EHGE结合CP、ADF估测的有效能值线性回归模型的决定系数(R2)分别为0.774,0.778和0.870。回归诊断分析发现,米糠、小麦麸和玉米胚芽粕偏离了其他14个饲料原料样品体内值与估测值的线性关系■。剔除上述3个样品后,GB/T 39235-2020计算的体内有效能对估测值线性回归的决定系数高于0.93。17个试验饲粮的EHGE实测值对加权计算值,DE、ME和NE的估测值对加权计算值的线性回归与Y=X重叠(R2>0.95,P<0.01)。上述结果表明,仿生消化法可以满意地估测14个饲料样品的有效能值,但低估了米糠和小麦麸的有效能值,却高估了玉米胚芽粕的DE和ME。仿生消化法测定的EHGE及通过EHGE估测的DE、ME、NE均具有良好的可加性。

尿石素A脂质体的制备:稳定性及体外消化研究

尿石素A具有许多优良的生理活性,但其极低的水溶性和生物利用率限制了尿石素A的应用。为克服上述限制,该文采用pH驱动法结合高压均质技术制备尿石素A脂质体(urolithin A liposomes,UA-LPs),并考察其结构特性、稳定性及体外消化特性。结果表明,大豆卵磷脂为20 mg/mL所制得的UA-LPs的平均粒径为(97.46±0.83)nm,多分散系数为(0.27±0.01),Zeta电位为(-40.3±1.06)mV,包埋率为(98.11±0.26)%,负载率为(2.39±0.01)%。UA-LPs在原子力显微镜下为分布均匀的球状结构。热稳定性实验表明,不同大豆卵磷脂浓度的UA-LPs的包埋率均随热处理时间的延长有所下降,20 mg/mL的大豆卵磷脂制备的UA-LPs具有最好的热稳定性,其在80℃处理180 min后仍可保留45%的尿石素A,且粒径、多分散系数变化趋势较小。pH稳定性表明UA-LPs在酸性条件下包埋率较低,随着pH的升高,粒径、多分散系数变化不显著(P>0.05),20 mg/mL的大豆卵磷脂制备的UA-LPs的Zeta电位绝对值上升5.5,稳定性升高。体外模拟消化实验表明,UA-LPs能有效提高尿石素A的转化率以及生物可接受度,其中20 mg/mL大豆卵磷脂制备的UA-LPs的体外转化率相比游离的尿石素A增加了3.26倍,生物可接受度提高2.07倍。因此,利用pH驱动法可以成功制备出UA-LPs,且高大豆卵磷脂浓度的UA-LPs物理稳定性更好,以上研究结果为扩展尿石素A在食品工业及生物医药领域的应用提供依据。

不同消解方式测定土壤中的全硼含量对比

针对土壤中全硼测定存在难消解、干扰大、易挥发损失等问题,利用碱熔法、微波消解法以及微敞开石墨消解法对土壤全硼进行了测定分析,优化了消解条件,并对三种消解方式进行了验证对比。结果表明:碱熔剂种类以及用量会对碱熔法的准确性造成较大影响,选择KOH作为碱熔剂,并且KOH添加量为3.0 g时,可以获得更准确的结果;加酸种类以及赶酸温度的选择对微波消解法测定结果影响较大,选择加酸体系(5 mL HNO_(3)+1 mL HCl+3 mL HF+1.5 mL H_(3)PO_(4)),赶酸时温度选择170℃,测试效果较好;不同的加酸体系以及消解温度同样会引起微敞开石墨消解法测定结果出现较大误差,选择加酸体系(5 mL HNO_(3)+1 mL HClO_(4)+3 mL HF+1.5 mL H_(3)PO_(4)),消解温度设为170℃,测定结果更可靠。方法验证对比结果表明,碱熔法检出限为0.7 mg/kg,微波消解法检出限为0.9 mg/kg,微敞开石墨消解法检出限为1.0 mg/kg,均满足分析测定的要求。三种消解方式测定的准确度和精密度均符合要求,均可用于土壤全硼的测定,并且实际样品测定结果无显著性差异。三种消解方式优缺点和适用范围不同,实际测试时可以根据样品数量及样品中全硼大致含量等选择具体的消解方式。建立的方法可以为第三次全国土壤普查内业检测提供参考和借鉴。

基于体外仿生消化法构建不同来源玉米、高粱原料的鸡有效能预测模型

本试验旨在以不同来源的玉米、高粱原料为试验材料,利用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS)测定玉米和高粱原料的酶水解物能值(EHGE),并结合前期研究测定的鸡表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME),建立基于EHGE的AME及TME预测模型。本试验采用单因素完全随机设计,利用SDS分别测定5种不同来源的玉米原料和5种不同来源的高粱原料的体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)、体外总能消化率(IVGED)及EHGE。本试验参照的鸡AME和TME值为前期使用同批次原料,以健康体成熟的海兰褐公鸡通过自由采食法结合全收粪法测定所得。结果表明:1)不同来源玉米的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中2号玉米的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE分别为75.12%、80.89%和15.19 MJ/kg DM,显著高于1号玉米(P<0.05)。2)不同来源高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中5号高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE最高,分别为79.28%、85.15%和15.73 MJ/kg DM,而2号高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE最低,分别为55.93%、58.28%和10.72 MJ/kg DM。3)高粱的EHGE与AME和TME之间存在显著的正相关(P<0.05),玉米的EHGE与AME和TME之间的相关系数均为0.80。4)基于EHGE建立的玉米和高粱AME预测模型分别为:AME=7.62+0.57×EHGE[R^(2)=0.64,相对标准偏差(RSD)=0.11,P=0.11]、AME=10.03+0.31×EHGE(R^(2)=0.80,RSD=0.38,P=0.04);基于EHGE建立的玉米和高粱的TME预测模型分别为:TME=7.58+0.58×EHGE(R^(2)=0.64,RSD=0.11,P=0.10)、TME=9.98+0.33×EHGE(R2=0.89,RSD=0.28,P=0.02)。由此可见,不同来源的玉米和高粱的EHGE差异明显,在本试验条件下高粱原料的EHGE与AME和TME之间存在较强的相关关系,使用SDS对高粱原料的AME和TME有更好的预测性。