Model test of negative Poisson’s ratio cable for supporting super-largespan tunnel using excavation compensation method

In recent years,there is a scenario in urban tunnel constructions to build super-large-span tunnels for traffic diversion and route optimization purposes.However,the increased size makes tunnel support more difficult.Unfortunately,there are few studies on the failure and support mechanism of the surrounding rocks in the excavation of supported tunnel,while most model tests of super-large-span tunnels focus on the failure characteristics of surrounding rocks in tunnel excavation without supports.Based on excavation compensation method(ECM),model tests of a super-large-span tunnel excavation by different anchor cable support methods in the initial support stage were carried out.The results indicate that during excavation of super-large-span tunnel,the stress and displacement of the shallow surrounding rocks decrease,following a step-shape pattern,and the tunnel failure is mainly concentrated on the vault and spandrel areas.Compared with conventional anchor cable supports,the NPR(negative Poisson’s ratio)anchor cable support is more suitable for the initial support stage of the super-large-span tunnels.The tunnel support theory,model test materials,methods,and the results obtained in this study could provide references for study of similar super-large-span tunnels。

Tailoring-compensated ferrimagnetic state and anomalous Hall effect in quaternary Mn–Ru–V–Ga Heusler compounds

Cubic Mn_(2)Ru_(x)Ga Heusler compound is a typical example of compensated ferrimagnet with attractive potential for high-density,ultrafast,and low-power spintronic applications.In the form of epitaxial thin films,Mn_(2)Ru_(x)Ga exhibits high spin polarization and high tunability of compensation temperature by freely changing the Ru content x in a broad range(0.3<x<1.0).Herein Mn-Ru-Ga-based polycrystalline bulk buttons prepared by arc melting are systematically studied and it is found that in equilibrium bulk form,the cubic structure is unstable when x<0.75.To overcome this limitation,Mn-Ru-Ga is alloyed with a fourth element V.By adjusting the content of V in the By adjusting the content of V in the Mn_(2)Ru_(0.75)V_(y)Ga and Mn_(2.25-y)Ru_(0.75)V_(y)Ga quaternary systems the magnetic compensation temperature is tuned.Compensation is achieved near 300 K which is confirmed by both the magnetic measurement and anomalous Hall effect measurement.The analyses of the anomalous Hall effect scaling in quaternary Mn-Ru-V-Ga alloy reveal the dominant role of skew scattering,notably that contributed caused by the thermally excited phonons,in contrast to the dominant intrinsic mechanism found in many other 3d ferromagnets and Heusler compounds.It is further shown that the Ga antisites and V content can simultaneously control the residual resistivity ratio(RRR)as well as the relative contribution of phonon and defect to the anomalous Hall effect a"/a0'in Mn-Ru-V-Ga,resulting in a scaling relation a"/a0'∝RRR^(1.8).

Negative Poisson’s ratio cable compensation support for 32 m super-large-span highway tunnel:A case study

Although super-large-span tunnels ensure convenient transportation,they face many support challenges.The lack of normative construction guidance and the limited number of reference engineering cases pose a significant challenge to the stability control of superlarge-span tunnels.Based on the geological conditions of a super-large-span tunnel(span=32.17 m)at the bifurcation section of the Shenzhen interchange,this study determined support parameters via theoretical calculation,numerical simulation,and engineering analogy.The support effects of negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)anchor cables and ordinary anchor cables on super-long-span tunnels were simulated and studied.Further,based on FLAC3D simulations,the surrounding rock stress field of NPR anchor cables was analyzed under different prestressing conditions,and the mechanism of a long-short combination,high-prestress compensation NPR anchor cable support was revealed.On the basis of numerical simulations,to our knowledge,the three-dimensional(3D)geomechanical model test of the NPR anchor cable and ordinary anchor cable support for super-large-span tunnel excavation is conducted for the first time,revealing the stress evolution law of super-large-span tunnels,deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock,and the changing trend of the anchor cable’s axial force,and verifies that NPR anchor cables with high preloads are suitable for super-large-span tunnel support and have advantages over ordinary anchor cables.This study can provide a reliable theoretical reference for the support design and stability control of the surrounding rock of similar shallow-buried super-large-span tunnels.

High-speed polarization mode dispersion compensation in a 43-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK transmission system over 1200 km of standard single-mode fibre

This paper reports that the designed optical polarization mode dispersion compensator shows a good performance under the real-time variation of differential group delay, state of polarization and principal state of polarization in a （40×43）-Gb/s dense-wavelength-multiplexing, 1200-km enhanced return-to-zero differential-quadrature-phase-shift- keying （RZ-DQPSK） system. The polarization mode dispersion tolerance of the system is improved by 26 ps using the optical polarization mode dispersion compensator. The short and long time stabilities are tested with the bit error ratio recorded.

Channel Estimation and Compensation for Underwater Acoustic Pipeline Communication

An estimation and compensation algorithm for underwater acoustic pipeline channel is investigated.A joint time-frequency adaptive signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）estimation based on the maximum likelihood method is introduced firstly,and the Cramer-Rao lower bound（CRLB）is proposed so as to evaluate the performance of the SNR estimation algorithm.For frequency-selective fading channel part,estimation and compensation are made to improve the robustness of the system on the basis of the LMS algorithm.Furthermore,real-time update iteration algorithm in the frequency domain is investigated to realize synchronous receiving and estimation.For verification,simulations and actual data tests were made,and the results show that the algorithm possesses great robustness,efficiency and accuracy inrealization of SNR estimation,signal detection and frequency impulse compensation for the channel.

STEERABLE ANTENNAS MOVEMENT COMPENSATION FOR HIGH ALTITUDE PLATFORM

High Altitude Platform(HAP) must compensate for relative motion with respect to the ground because of the stratosphere complexity,which is important to guarantee Quality of Service(QoS) in intended coverage area.With analysis on HAP movement models for predicting the geographical coverage in the cases of shift horizontally and vertically,yaw,roll and pitch,the mechanisms of steerable antennas movement compensation are investigated.The mechanism is applied to a scenario of 127 cell architecture,with a cell cluster size of four.By the simulation results of Carrier to Interference Ratio(CIR),the steerable antenna movement compensation mechanism decrease influence of HAP movement and guarantee effective coverage of the service area.

Novel camera calibration method based on invariance of collinear points and pole-polar constraint

To address the eccentric error of circular marks in camera calibration,a circle location method based on the invariance of collinear points and pole–polar constraint is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the centers of the ellipses are extracted,and the real concentric circle center projection equation is established by exploiting the cross ratio invariance of the collinear points.Subsequently,since the infinite lines passing through the centers of the marks are parallel,the other center projection coordinates are expressed as the solution problem of linear equations.The problem of projection deviation caused by using the center of the ellipse as the real circle center projection is addressed,and the results are utilized as the true image points to achieve the high precision camera calibration.As demonstrated by the simulations and practical experiments,the proposed method performs a better location and calibration performance by achieving the actual center projection of circular marks.The relevant results confirm the precision and robustness of the proposed approach.

一种新型带曲率补偿的带隙基准

针对传统带隙基准存在温度漂移大以及电源抑制比低的问题,提出了一种新型的带曲率补偿的带隙基准电压源。采用基极电流补偿以及曲率补偿技术对传统带隙基准结构进行改进。设计了低失配改进电路、低温漂改进以及启动电路等。利用共源共栅电流镜技术和负反馈网络保证带隙基准输出电压,极大程度降低了运放失调电压对带隙基准电压的干扰,实现了低温漂特性。基于东部高科0.18μm BCD工艺,在Cadence Spectre下进行仿真。仿真结果表明:该带隙基准电路在-40~150℃温度范围内,输入电压为5 V,输出电压稳定在1.192 V;温度系数为4.84×10^(-6)/℃;在低频时电源抑制比为-78 dB。

岩爆机制及其控制

随着岩体工程向深部发展,开挖引发的围岩大变形和强冲击诱发的动力破坏日益严峻。岩爆作为深部地下工程中常见的一种强动力灾害,被称为岩土工程界的“癌症”,其具有突发性特点,难以有效预报及防治,严重地威胁着施工人员的安全和设备的正常运行。通过对比岩石在真三轴卸荷和单轴压缩这2种应力路径下的储能差异,对岩爆多余能量机制进行探讨。首先,根据岩爆诱发机制的不同,将岩爆分为由应力集中导致的应变型岩爆和扰动诱发的冲击岩爆。然后,模拟开挖诱发的不同类型岩爆的应力路径进而在室内再现各种岩爆现象,并对其机制进行研究,自主研发3套真三轴岩爆模拟试验系统:第1代应变岩爆试验系统、第2代应变岩爆试验系统、冲击岩爆试验系统。同时,在实验室内成功模拟不同类型的岩爆:巷道应变岩爆、巷道交叉点应变岩爆、3个临空面矿柱应变岩爆、矿柱应变岩爆以及动荷载诱发的冲击岩爆。最后,为有效控制岩爆灾害,提出开挖补偿法,并研发具有负泊松比效应的宏观和微观NPR锚杆/索。工程实践证明,NPR锚杆/索能提供高预应力来补偿开挖造成的应力损失,同时具备良好的延展性和吸能效果,可为岩爆灾害的防治提供有效途径。

一种宽输入范围高PSRR线性稳压器设计

针对一般线性稳压器输入电压范围较窄,对电源纹波抑制能力较差的问题,设计了一款宽输入范围、高电源抑制比的线性稳压器。采用折叠式共源共栅结构的误差放大器提升环路增益,与负载相关的零点移动频率补偿结构保证整个环路的稳定性。结果表明:基于180 nm 45 V BCD工艺完成电路设计,在输入电压范围为6~45 V,负载电流范围0~100 mA的条件下,能够稳定输出5 V电压,具有良好的线性调整率。当输入电压为24 V,负载电流为50 mA时,低频段下电源抑制比为85.5 dB。

基于客观权重赋权-优劣解距离法的水光互补能源基地补偿效益分摊

针对水光互补系统各电站补偿关系复杂且补偿效益分摊难以量化的问题,提出一种适用于量化水光互补系统效益补偿关系的求解方法,通过对梯级优化调度及水光互补优化调度后发电量的对比,得出水光互补动态过程指标和静态特性指标,建立水光互补补偿效益分摊模型,并采用改进的客观权重赋权-优劣解距离法(criteria importance through intercriteria correlation-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,CRITIC-TOPSIS)求解补偿效益分摊比例,明晰各电站之间的损益关系。以澜沧江上游西藏段水光互补清洁能源基地为例进行求解,结果表明该方法考虑梯级水电站与光伏电站间的利益关系,同时兼顾梯级水电站内部的效益得失,分摊结果公平合理,可以平衡各主体之间的利害关系,有利于调动施益主体参与互补运行的积极性,实现清洁能源基地整体效益最大化。

开挖补偿法防控深部地下岩爆灾害——引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞案例分析

Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation,yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions.Consequently,rockburst control remains challenging in the engineering field.In this study,the mechanism of excavation-induced rockburst was briefly described,and it was proposed to apply the excavation compensation method(ECM)to rockburst control.Moreover,a field test was carried out on the Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel.The following beneficial findings were obtained:Excavation leads to changes in the engineering stress state of surrounding rock and results in the generation of excess energy DE,which is the fundamental cause of rockburst.The ECM,which aims to offset the deep excavation effect and lower the risk of rockburst,is an active support strategy based on high pre-stress compensation.The new negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)bolt developed has the mechanical characteristics of high strength,high toughness,and impact resistance,serving as the material basis for the ECM.The field test results reveal that the ECM and the NPR bolt succeed in controlling rockburst disasters effectively.The research results are expected to provide guidance for rockburst support in deep underground projects such as Sichuan-Xizang Railway.

太赫兹异物探测系统的一种硬件幅相失真补偿方法

太赫兹(THz)成像技术是一种新发展的高频段成像技术,在军事和安全领域具有重要的应用价值。文中的实波束THz异物探测(FOD)系统未进行宽带幅相失真补偿时,一维像主副瓣比较差,微小目标无法成二维像。考虑到该成像系统采用了高频段易于实现的调频连续波自混频去斜方法,传统的宽带成像系统在信号产生时所实施的宽带幅相预失真补偿方法无法起效,为此,文中给出了实波束THz FOD系统的一种硬件幅相失真补偿方法。该方法通过对接收机数字下变频的正交数据实施先相后幅的通带失真补偿,完成了THz FOD系统的幅相失真补偿。采用该补偿方法的THz FOD系统一维像加海明窗主副瓣比>40 dB,可实现对微小目标成二维像。

回弹比矩阵及回弹比特征量在双曲度板成形回弹描述和补偿中的应用

回弹补偿是活络方形压头可重构模具成形船体双曲度外板时遇到的主要难题。本文参考单曲度板回弹比表达方法,引入针对双曲度板材描述离散点以及整体回弹大小的回弹比矩阵及回弹比特征量,并对文献中单曲度板的回弹数据进行了描述,得到的结论与文献一致。同时对典型双曲度板进行了冲压成形实验,并采用本文提出的回弹比矩阵及回弹比特征量对回弹数据进行描述。结果表明:在双向曲率半径分别相等时,马鞍形板的回弹显著小于帆形板;弹塑性理论推导出的回弹比结果与实验数据的回弹比结果相一致。基于回弹比矩阵,本文提出了一种新的回弹补偿算法,通过对比发现基于回弹比矩阵的补偿算法的补偿效果更好。

一种采用高阶曲率补偿的带隙基准源

基于0.18μm BCD工艺,提出了一种具有较低温度系数的高阶曲率补偿带隙基准源。在基本Kuijk带隙基准的结构基础上,利用VBE线性化法来进行高阶曲率补偿,同时保证流过补偿双极晶体管的电流也得到高阶补偿,两次高阶补偿使得带隙基准源的温度系数更低。根据仿真结果,该带隙基准电压在-55℃~125℃温度范围内,输出电压的最大压差为0.3766 mV,温度系数为1.762 ppm/℃,低频时电源抑制比(PSRR)为-73.9 dB。该带隙基准源已应用于某一高精度的低压差线性稳压器(LDO)中。

一种MV级峰化电容一体化电容分压器的研制

峰化电容器由于结构紧凑一般采用间接测量其承受的电压,而峰化电容电压的直接测量一直是难以解决的问题。为了解决该问题,以峰化电容器为基础,研制了一种新型结构的电阻补偿式自积分型峰化电容一体化电容分压器。其次,根据分压器的新型结构分析了峰化电容一体化电容分压器的理论分压比,给出了理论分压比计算公式,分析了影响低频响应的因素并进行了电路仿真验证。同时,开展了方波标定实验,得到了两个探头的分压比及响应时间,且探头响应时间均小于6.2 ns。此外,为了得到更准确的分压比并验证正常工作状态下该一体化电容分压器分压比的稳定性,进行了高压在线标定实验,得到了1#探头分压比为11 071,2#探头分压比为15 148。且在更高电压等级下,该电容分压器探头的测量相对误差较小,分压比稳定性良好。

高速永磁同步电机解耦控制——低载波比数字延时与Smith预估控制

永磁同步电机(PMSM)运行在高速工况时,由于逆变器的开关频率受限使得载波比较低,会出现数字延时加剧的问题,直接影响了系统的控制性能,甚至造成系统失稳。针对低载波比工况下的数字延时问题,首先对数字延时环节进行精确的复矢量建模,并基于转速及电流环带宽的根轨迹、闭环零极点图及波特图分析数字延时对系统性能的影响,并给出考虑延时后系统的临界失稳转速。结合复矢量解耦策略,提出一种改进的基于Smith预估控制的解耦延时补偿电流控制策略,能够避免高速低载波比工况下系统失稳的问题,提高了电流环的稳定性,同时具有较好动态响应能力和解耦性能。采用Simulink仿真对比验证了所提的解耦延时补偿控制策略的有效性。

一种高共模电压集成差分放大器的设计

针对差分放大器芯片国产化的需求,基于兼容金属薄膜电阻40 V双极工艺,设计一款高共模抑制比(Common Mode Rejection Ratio,CMRR)、±120 V共模输入电压的集成差分放大器。文章介绍了高共模电压差分放大器的基本原理和结构组成,分析了差分放大器的设计难点,分别为共模抑制比、输入失调电流以及增益误差,采用片内集成金属薄膜电阻结合激光在线修调技术实现高共模抑制比、通过改进型的基极电流补偿结构降低了输入失调电流,减少输入失调电流对电路采样精度的影响,采用改进型达林顿管提高放大器的开环增益,降低放大器的增益误差。整体芯片尺寸为2.82 mm×2.02 mm,采用±15 V双电源供电,静态电流为1.36 mA。流片后的测试结果表明:差分放大器在正常供电时,共模抑制比达到85 dB,输入失调电流仅为84 pA,失调电流的补偿精度达到98.1%,增益误差为0.02%。

IMFs和改进GAN的两幅大曝光率比图像高动态融合

针对两幅大曝光率比图像高动态融合时颜色和明暗对比度失真的问题,提出一种IMFs和改进GAN的高动态融合算法。利用强度映射函数(IMFs)插值一张中间虚拟曝光图像;引入曝光感知补偿模块EACB提取可靠区域特征,设计改进GAN建模图像残差,定义渐进学习策略保证GAN稳定收敛,实现中间虚拟曝光图像增强;基于3张图像实现多尺度曝光融合。实验结果表明,针对曝光间隔4EV的高低曝光图像集,算法能有效抑制颜色和明暗度对比失真,保留纹理细节,客观指标MEF-SSIM优于经典MEF算法。

一种高精度低功耗带隙基准电压源的设计

基于0.35μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种高精度低功耗二阶温度补偿带隙基准电压源。该电路利用双极型晶体管基极-发射极电压的叠加来产生一个二阶温度补偿电压,并与一阶温度补偿电压加权相加得到一个低温度系数的基准电压。带隙基准电压源内部放大器结构采用折叠型共源共栅放大器来提高带隙基准电压源的精度。电路采用3~3.6 V电压供电,基准输出电压为1.2555 V左右。仿真结果表明,在-55℃~125℃,典型情况下的温度系数为2.03 ppm/℃,电路PSRR在低频时可达-78 dB,整体静态电流只有10.8μA。与常规带隙基准电压源电路相比,该电路具有低功耗、高精度、高电源电压抑制比、宽工作电压和结构简单等优点。