Heat transfer model for microwave hot in-place recycling of asphalt pavements

In order to solve for temperature fields in microwave heating for recycling asphalt mixtures, a two-dimensional heat transfer model for the asphalt mixtures within the heating range is built based on the theory of unsteady heat conduction. Four onedimensional heat transfer models are established for the asphalt mixtures outside the heating range, which are simplified into four half-infinite solids. The intensity of the radiation electric field is calculated through experiment by using heating water loads. It is suggested that the mathematical model of boundary conditions can be established in two ways, which are theoretical deduction and experimental reverse. The actual temperature field is achieved by fitting temperatures of different positions collected in the heating experiment. The simulant temperature field, which is solved with the Matlab PDE toolbox, is in good agreement with the actual temperature field. The results indicate that the proposed models have high precision and can be directly used to calculate the temperature distribution of asphalt pavements.

Numerical simulation analysis on multi-layer low-temperature heating method of asphalt pavement in hot in-place recycling

Asphalt mixture pavement reheating is one of the important steps in hot in-place recycling(HIR).To improve the heating speed of asphalt pavement in HIR,based on the numerical analysis model of asphalt mixture heating process,a new multi-layer low-temperature heating method(MLHM)was proposed.Considering input heat flux,the thermal capacity and thermal resistance of asphalt mixture,the heat transfer model was established based on energy conservation law.By heating the asphalt mixture in layers,it changes the situation that the heat energy can only be input from the upper surface of the asphalt mixture pavement.Through the simulation of the heating method of asphalt mixture in the existing technology,the result shows that the existing heating methods lead to serious aging or charring of the asphalt mixture.By MLHM,the upper and the bottom of the asphalt mixture are heated at the same time,and the heating temperature is lower than other heat methods,which not only reduces the heating thickness and increases the heating area of the asphalt mixture pavement,but also improves the heating speed,saves the energy resource and ensures the heating quality.Especially,by MLHM,the heating uniformity is better and speed is faster.

Error modeling and analysis of inclinometer based on digital accelerometer

Measuring accuracy of inclinometer based on accelerometer is mainly influenced by the adopted accelerometer sensor.To improve the measuring accuracy of the inclinometer,the structure of the measuring system is given and measuring principle is analyzed,and the error model is established in this paper.Furthermore,the model is verified by simulation and experiment,which not only gives the smallest errors of the measured pitch and roll,but also lays foundation for sensor selection,error analysis and error compensation.The results show that the error model is of practical value.

NonliNonlinear GPC with In-place Trained RLS-SVM Model for DOC Control in a Fed-batch Bioreactor

In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was produced in a fed-batch bioreactor at the optimal dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) and growth medium temperature. However, it is very difficult to control the DOC using conventional controllers because of the poorly understood and constantly changing dynamics of the bioprocess. A generalized predictive controller (GPC) based on a nonlinear autoregressive integrated moving average exogenous (NARIMAX) model is presented to stabilize the DOC by manipulation of air flow rate. The NARIMAX model is built by an improved recursive least-squares support vector machine, which is trained by an in-place computation scheme and avoids the computation of the inverse of a large matrix and memory reallocation. The proposed nonlinear GPC algorithm requires little preliminary knowledge of the fermentation process, and directly obtains the nonlinear model in matrix form by using iterative multiple modeling instead of linearization at each sampling period. By application of an on-line bioreactor control, experimental results demonstrate the robustness, effectiveness and advantages of the new controller.

Cement-fly Ash Stabilization of Cold In-place Recycled (CIR) Asphalt Pavement Mixtures for Road Bases or Subbases

For lack of laboratory and field performance data on stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement （RAP） aggregate and stabilized soil （S） for road bases and subbases construction, the influences of RAP/S ratio, cement and fly ash content, modifying agent （MA） on the compact, unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and water stability of the CIR mixtures were investigated. The experimental results showed that the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content of the mixture changed significantly with the RAP/S ratio and cement-fly ash content. Unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and water stability were improved significantly by the addition of MA, and the water stability was improved by nearly 20% on average. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） images indicated that MA accelerated the hydration of cement-fly ash system. Needle-like AFt and fibrous C-S-H gel were observed in the mixtures, which resulted in the cementation effect among the CIR mixture particles and a more compact microstructure. All these could be the cause of high strength of the CIR mixtures with MA.

The Error Compensation of Inclinometer Based on Polynomial Fitting

In order to reduce the influence of nonlinear characteristic and temperature on the measuring accuracy of inclinometer, the application of polynomial fitting principle to compensate the measuring error of inclinometer is studied. According to the analysis of the experimental data of inclinometer, a polynomial model of the nonlinear error and the measured value is constructed, and then the relation between the coefficient of the polynomial model and the temperature is obtained by fitting, and finally the function of the measurement error of inclinometer on the measured inclination and temperature is obtained. The results show that this method is feasible and effective, which can not only reduce the influence of temperature, but also correct its nonlinear error.

In-Place Matrix Inversion by Modified Gauss-Jordan Algorithm

The classical Gauss-Jordan method for matrix inversion involves augmenting the matrix with a unit matrix and requires a workspace twice as large as the original matrix as well as computational operations to be performed on both the original and the unit matrix. A modified version of the method for performing the inversion without explicitly generating the unit matrix by replicating its functionality within the original matrix space for more efficient utilization of computational resources is presented in this article. Although the algorithm described here picks the pivots solely from the diagonal which, therefore, may not contain a zero, it did not pose any problem for the author because he used it to invert structural stiffness matrices which met this requirement. Techniques such as row/column swapping to handle off-diagonal pivots are also applicable to this method but are beyond the scope of this article.

In-place structural strength and fatigue analysis for floating platform topsides

This paper presents some insights on the state-of-the-art practice that has been utilized recently in the inplace structural strength and fatigue analysis for topsides on deepwater floating platforms such as tension leg plat-form (TLP) and semi-submersibles. Emphases are put on analysis software,geometric and mass modeling,hydro-dynamic loading and its mapping,and analysis procedures. In addition,for the in-place analysis using structure analysis computer system (SACS),the procedure of Visual Basic for Application (VBA) is developed to map AQWA-LINE hydrodynamic loading to the SACS integrated hull/topsides model;for the in-place analysis using structure engineering system analysis model (SESAM),many computer aided applications are made to aid the post-processing. These applications have been used in structural analyses for a few TLP and semi-submersible plat-form topsides,and are briefly introduced in this paper.

The Characteristics of Asphalt Mixture in the System of Full Thickness Cold In-place Recycling

A new research method was proposed（A/S method） to study the components and properties of reclained asphalt mixture（RAP）. The RAP was divided into two main parts, one was marked with A that included all the reclaimed old asphalt materials（including some parts of particle materials covered by asphalt）, the other was marked with S which mainly included works soil in the road structure. The actual working conditions were simulated by this kind of new method, and the adaption between the RAP properties, A/S, and the content of cementitious materials were studied. The research indicated that the real working condition could be simulated effectively by means of A/S method. It was also showed that high content of cement could improve the overall performance of RAP significantly, but it would have a negative effect on the properties of RAP if the types and sizes of aggregate particles in RAP mixture were too single. The optimum water content and maximum dry density could not be regarded as the primary basis to evaluate the overall performance of RAP, when S=0 in the experiments, although the maximum density of samples was bigger than that with A/S=1/1, the samples were not strong enough and they were easy to collapse, which indicated that component design of RAP played a great role in improving the overall properties of RAP and the comprehensive tests should be considered to evaluate the stability of RAP. Low frequency load in high temperature environment had the negative effect on the overall stability of RAP, and factors such as the loading state of the materials, the hydration degree of cementitious materials, and the aggregate gradation in the mixture were the determining factors for improving the overall performance of RAP.

Visual Basic^TMRoutine for In-Place Matrix Inversion

A modified version of the Gauss-Jordan algorithm for performing In-Place matrix inversion without using an augmenting unit matrix was described in a previous article by the author. He had also developed several Structural Engineering softwares during his career using that method as their analysis engine. He chose matrix inversion because it was suitable for in-core solution of large numbers of vectors for the same set of equations as encountered in structural analysis of moving, dynamic and seismic loadings. The purpose of this article is to provide its readers with its theoretical background and detailed computations of an In-Place matrix inversion task as well as a Visual Basic routine of the algorithm for direct incorporation into Visual Basic 6TM softwares and Visual Basic for ApplicationsTM macros in MS-ExcelTM spreadsheets to save them time and effort of software development.

Cold In-Place Recycling as a Sustainable Pavement Practice

Pavement rehabilitation and reconstruction methods with CIR （cold in-place recycling） are alternatives that can effectively reduce the high stresses and waste produced by conventional pavement strategies. An attempt was made to predict the performance, particularly low-temperature cracking resistance characteristics of CIR mixtures. These were prepared with the mix design procedure developed at the URI （University of Rhode Island） for the FHWA （Federal Highway Administration） to reduce wide variations in the application of CIR mixtures production. This standard was applied to RAP （reclaimed asphalt pavement） to produce CIR mixtures with CSS-Ih asphalt emulsion as the additive. By adjusting the number of gyrations of the SGC （Superpave gyratory compactor） for compaction, the field density of 130 pcf was represented accurately. To secure a base line, HMA （hot mix asphalt） samples were produced according to the Superpave volumetric mix design procedure. The specimens were tested using the IDT （indirect tensile） tester according to the procedure of AASHTO T 322 procedure at temperatures of-20, -10 and 0 ℃ （-4, 14, and 32°F, respectively）. The obtained results for the creep compliance and tensile strength were used as input data for the MEPDG （mechanistic empirical pavement design guide）. The analysis results indicated that no thermal or low-temperature cracking is expected over the entire analysis period of 20 years for both HMA and CIR mixtures. Thus, it appears that CIR is a sustainable rehabilitation technique which is also suitable for colder climates, and it is recommended to conduct further investigation of load-related distresses such as rutting and fatigue cracking.

关于有序分拆的分部量1的几个In-place恒等式

利用组合证明的方法研究了与正整数的有序分拆的分部量1相关的恒等式.首先给出了正整数有序分拆的分部量1有两种形式的一个恒等式.其次得到了几个关于正整数的分部量是1或者2的有序分拆数以及回文的有序分拆数的In-place恒等式.

基于MEMS陀螺的高温随钻定向测斜仪研究

针对油气井测量时所面临的小孔径、超深井、温度范围广、温度变化率高、工作时间长等挑战,研究了基于MEMS陀螺仪的定向测斜仪,设计了MEMS陀螺定向测斜仪软硬件系统.为确保该环境下的测量精度提出了一种动态温度补偿方案,并采用基于小波滤波多尺度分析的方法对动态温变环境下陀螺输出信号进行去噪滤波处理,以实现定向测斜仪系统的测量精度.论文给出了定向测斜仪硬件系统方案、定向测斜算法、小波多尺度滤波算法.测试结果表明:该系统在常温和动态温变环境下井斜方位角精度优于±2°,井斜角精度优于±0.1°,工作温度最高150℃,可适应我国深层油气井勘探开发的应用场景需求.

Kalman滤波在自动化监测数据噪声处理上的应用研究

对Kalman滤波在静力水准和固定式测斜仪原始数据降噪处理中的应用进行研究。结果表明,在缓慢变形条件下,Kalman滤波可以有效过滤原始数据中的噪声,提供试验结果,还原监测对象真实变形情况。但在突发变形情况下,Kal-man滤波反应滞后。因此,实际应用中应综合使用滤波前和滤波后的数据,以更准确地研判变形趋势和规律,为自动监测数据的噪声处理提供了新的思路和方法。通过Kalman滤波的应用,可以进一步提高监测数据的准确性和可靠性,为工程安全监测和地质灾害预警等领域提供支持。

承德地区摆式仪器观测背景功率谱密度特征分析

为获取承德地区摆式倾斜仪捕捉的地震前兆信息及仪器性能,利用功率谱密度分析方法研究3台VP型垂直摆和1台水平摆倾斜仪的噪声频谱特征。研究结果表明,正常情况下,4台仪器记录的主要背景噪声为0.2 Hz以下的低频自然环境噪声;降雨事件主要影响0.2 Hz以下的低频段;摆式仪器能较好地记录到地震波,近震为更多高频成分,远震以记录面波占主导;地震事件可导致0~0.3 Hz频段的噪声显著增加;仪器标定过程中,低频噪声会显著增加。

一种灰色关联分析优化ICEEMDAN的VP倾斜仪信号降噪模型

VP倾斜仪固体潮信号受仪器监测复杂环境限制,多含有大量环境噪声。为获得真实固体潮曲线,提出一种基于灰色关联分析优化改进的自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)VP倾斜仪信号降噪模型(GRA-ICEEMDAN)。该方法首先将含噪信号进行ICCEMDAN处理,得到若干个固有模态函数(IMF),并依次排列与标记;然后基于这些IMF分别计算相关系数、互信息、R^(2)、Adj-R^(2)、MSE、SSE、RMSE、MAE、MAPE、样本熵等10个评价指标值,构建IMF可信度评价指标矩阵;最后借助灰色关联分析(GRA)计算各评价指标与不同IMF之间的关联系数和关联度,依据关联度大小对各个IMF进行排序,将排名靠前的IMF进行线性重构,即可完成信号降噪。仿真去噪实验和实测去噪实验均表明,GRA-ICEEMDAN模型优于卡尔曼滤波、70阶低通FIR滤波、Savitzky-Golay等经典降噪模型,能显著区分噪声成分和有效成分,原始信号分解后的重构误差与信号损失极小,可推广至其他仪器的复杂信号降噪中。

基于方差补偿AKF-BP的电解液式测斜仪精度提升研究

电解液式测斜仪广泛适用于测量土石坝、面板坝、岩土边坡、路堤、基坑等结构物的水平位移监测。为消除环境温度变化和测量噪声引起的电解液式测斜仪测量误差,进行了传感器温度实验,并对硬件本身、工作环境、数据采集三种测量误差影响因素和温度变化影响因素进行详细分析,提出了一种基于方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)和BP神经网络(BPNN)的精度补偿模型;结果表明,补偿后的电解液式测斜仪水平位移的均方误差相较于补偿前平均降低了80%以上,从而有效减少计算水平位移的误差,极大提升了电解液式测斜仪的测量精度,可应用于电解液式测斜仪实际工程。

天津蓟县地震台两套VP宽频带倾斜仪数据对比分析

蓟县地震台是天津地区唯一的基岩出露台,台站两套VP宽频带倾斜仪分别安装在新山洞和小辛庄山洞。通过对蓟县台的两套VP宽频带倾斜仪数据内在质量、同震响应、环境影响、仪器维修等方面的对比分析,得出以下结论:以2023年为例,两套仪器的潮汐因子稳定性均较好,由于摆系故障,新山洞VP宽频带倾斜仪NS向精度比较差。通过2018—2023年对比,小辛庄山洞VP宽频带倾斜仪具有明显的年变形态,新山洞VP宽频带倾斜仪年变形态不明显,这可能与新山洞地质区域性节理发育以及台站周围抽水影响有关。强降雨、气压等自然环境变化会对两套仪器观测造成一定影响。两套VP宽频带倾斜仪均有较强记录地震的能力,能够清晰的记录到远场地震几秒至几十秒周期面波,对于近场中强震可以清晰记录P波初至,但是后续震相识别较为困难。针对新山洞VP宽频带倾斜仪EW向曾经出现的不定时突跳错数的故障,总结归纳了维修过程,为同类仪器运维提供参考。

Assel轧管机辗轧角测量方法及其工程应用

针对Assel轧管机辗轧角对钢管成型质量影响大,但无准确测量方法,依靠经验调整的问题,介绍了一种测量Assel轧管机辗轧角的方法。该方法通过倾角测量仪分别测出3个轧辊相对于水平面的倾角,其中上辊的实际辗轧角等于测量角度,下辊的实际辗轧角则利用三棱锥计算空间角度法计算得到,具有操作简单、测量快速、结果准确的优点。经过在国内某Assel轧管机上应用,验证了该方法具有可行性。

浅议降雨对丰宁台水管倾斜仪的干扰与排除

选取2021—2023年丰宁地震台DSQ水管倾斜仪和气象三要素观测资料,通过对降雨量与观测数据做相关性分析和褶积滤波分析,并通过褶积滤波法与多元回归法消除降雨的滞后效应,判断降雨与水管仪应变量之间的关系。结果表明:丰宁DSQ水管倾斜仪趋势转折与降雨有关,观测数据日变化幅度与降雨累积值存在良好的线性关系,与瞬时降雨量之间没有明显的相关性,在响应时间上存在1天的滞后;褶积滤波能较好的消除降雨引起的阶变,但未能完全消除2021年6—9月水管仪降雨后NS向南倾、EW向东倾的状态,可能还受到其他因素影响。