Wear Behavior of In-situ TiC Particles Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite

The microstructure, tensile property and wear resistance of 7075 aluminum matrix composite reinforced with TiC particles prepared by in-situ reaction casting were investigated. The effect of TiC reinforcement on wear behavior was analyzed. The wear mechanism was also discussed. A micro-mechanism model of reaction kinetics for synthesis of TiC was acquired. Results show that TiC could increase the tensile and yield strength, but decrease the elongation. Besides, TiC particles improve the property of wear resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy. The wear mechanisms include abrasive wear and adhesive wear in wear test process.

Microstructure of a Ni Matrix Composite Coating Reinforced by In-situ TiC Particles Using Plasma Cladding

Plasma cladding process was used to prepare the TiC/Ni composite coating on the mild steel substrates. The TiC particles were synthesized in-situ. Microstructure and properties of the coating were investigated by optical microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, SEM, TEM and microhardness tester. The results show that the interface between the coating and the substrate is metallurgically bonded. The coating was uniform and almost defect-free when [Ti+C] varied from 10% to 20% after ball milling. The microstructure of the coating is mainly composed of -Ni dendrite, interdendritic eutectic ( -Ni austenite, M23C6 and CrB) and TiC particles. Most of the TiC particles are spherical and a small fraction is blocky in size of l^2(im. The TiC particles are smaller at the bottom than near the top of the coating. The coating has a gradient microstructure and a highest hardness of lOOOHyO. 1.

PARTICLES ANALYSIS OF Al_2O_3 PARTICLE REINFORCED ZL202 MATRIX COMPOSITES PREPARED BY IN-SITU REACTION

ZL202 matrix composite reinforced by Al2O3 particles was prepared by combining in-situ reaction and casting techniques. Particles' size in the composites was from 1 to 5 microns in diameter. X-ray diffraction analysis verified that the reinforcing particleswere δ-Al2O3 which belong to γ-Al2O3 series. The wetting angle between matrix andreinforcement was less than 90°. Energy spectrum analysis indicated that the reactionin bell cover pressing process took place not so completely as in flouring stir process. When the reaction was finished, the matrix was still ZL202 alloy in both.processes.

The Synthesis of TiNi and Composite Particles in Molten Salts

A novel process for synthesizing TiNi and TiNi/TiC particles, called the high-temperature salt-melting method, is discussed in this paper. So far as this method is concerned, the molten salts are a reaction medium that does not take part in the chemical reaction but can be easily dissolved by water washing. With this method, TiNi shape memory alloy and TiNi/TiC composite particles were prepared in molten salts at 680-850℃. TiNi particles, ranging from 100 nm to several microns in diameter, are obtained and the reverse martensitic transformation is confirmed in these particles by the differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The reaction temperature and the holding time have no significant influence on the particle size, morphology or the reverse martensitic transformation characteristics. In the molten salts, the released heat of the chemical reaction causes the local temperature to rise quickly, which is the key to obtaining the desired particulate composite.

Microstructure and wear properties of the electroslag remelting layer reinforced by TiC particles

The electroslag remelting （ESR） layer reinforced by TiC particles was obtained by electroslag remelting. The microstructure and wear properties of the ESR layer were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and wear test. The results indicate that TiC particles are synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） reaction during the electroslag remelting process. The size of TiC particles is in the range of 1-10 μm, and the distribution of TiC particles is uniform, from outside to inside of the ESR layer, and the volume fraction and the size of TiC particles decrease gradually. Molten iron and slag flow into porosity due to the SHS process leading to rapid densification and the elimination of porosity in the ESR layer during the ESR process. TiC particles enhance the wear resistance of the ESR layer, whereas CaF2 can improve the high temperature lubricating property of the ESR layer.

Microstructure of Fe-Based Alloy Hardfacing Coating Reinforced by TiC-VC Particles

Mierostrueture of the Fe-based alloy hardfaeing coating reinforced by TiC-VC particles was investigated by means of SEM, TEM, XRD and EPMA. The thermodynamics and effect of elements on the carbides were discussed. The result shows that TiC-VC carbides can be formed during arc welding. Carbides with particle size of 2 ～4μm are uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Evidently the covering components and their amount affect the microstrueture and hardness of the coatings. An excellent microstructure and hardness of hardfacing coating were obtained, while the amount of graphite, FeTi and FeV was controlled within the range of 8%- 10%, 15%- 18% and 8%- 12%, respectively.

Effects of in-situ ZrB_2 particle on grain refinement of ZrB_2/AZ91D magnesium matrix composite

In-situ ZrB2/AZ91D magnesium matrix composite was successfully synthesized with Al/K2ZrF6+NH4BF4 by means of Direct Melt Reaction.The fabricated ZrB2/AZ91D magnesium matrix composite through direct melt mixing method was investigated.Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the existence of ZrB2 particles in the AZ91D alloy,and most ZrB2 particles were in the size range of just several microns,some even to 100 nm.The cast specimens were studied through corrosion testing and heat treatment.The average grain size of AZ91D decreased markedly from about 250μm to 50μm.In addition,the shape and size of the β-Mg17Al12 phase as well as the morphologies of primary α-Mg in the magnesium matrix composite were greatly changed.The network structure of the β-Mg17Al12 phase was broken into small blocks and the size of α-Mg decreased significantly.

Fabrication of cast carbon steel with ultrafine TiC particles

The carbon steels dispersed with ultrafine TiC particles were fabricated by conventional casting method. The casting process is more economical than other available routes for metal matrix composite production, and the large sized components to be fabricated in short processing time. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain uniform dispersion of ultrafine ceramic particles in liquid metals due to the poor wettability and the specific gravity difference between the ceramic particle and metal matrix. In order to solve these problems, the mechanical milling (MM) and surface-active processes were introduced. As a result, Cu coated ultrafine TiC powders made by MM process using high energy ball milling machine were mixed with Sn powders as a surfactant to get better wettability by lowering the surface tension of carbon steel melt. The microstructural investigations by OM show that ultrafine TiC particles are distributed uniformly in carbon steel matrix. The grain sizes of the cast matrix with ultrafine TiC particles are much smaller than those without ultrafine TiC particles. This is probably due to the fact that TiC particles act as nucleation sites during solidification. The wear resistance of cast carbon steel composites added with MMed TiC/Cu-Sn powders is improved due to grain size refinement.

Fabrication of in-situ TiC reinforced composite coating via plasma transferred arc process

In this work, the in-situ TiC panicles reinforced composite coating was prepared by plasma transferred arc process on the surface of Q235 steel. Microstructures, phase composition and wear property of the coating were investigated. The results showed that the composite coating consisted mainly of T-Ni, TiC, Cr23C6, Cr7C3, Ni3Si, CrB, Cr5B3 and FeNi3 phases, and was characterized by fine TiC panicles embedded in Ni matrix. The wear resistance of composite coating was significantly improved compared with that of the steel substrate. The wear volume loss of the substrate was 443 mm3, which was about 9 times as that of in-situ TiC particles reinforced composite coating （49 mm3 ）. It is mainly attributed to the presence of chromium carbide particles and in-situ TiC particles and their favorable combination with Ni matrix.

In-situ TiC Reinforced Composite Coating Produced by Powder Feeding Laser Cladding

A Ni-base alloy composite coating reinforced with TiC particles of various shapes and sizes on medium carbon steel substrate was produced by multilayer laser cladding. The chemical compositions, microstructures and surface morphology of the cladded layer were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, and X-ray diffractometry （XRD）. The experimental results showed that an excellent metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate was obtained. The microstructure of the coating was mainly composed of γ-Ni dendrites, a small amount of CrB, Ni3B, M23C6 and dispersed TiC particles. Much more and larger TiC particles formed in the overlapping zone, which led to a slightly higher microhardness of this zone. The maximum microhardness of the coating was about HV0.21200. The effects of the laser processing parameters on the microstructures and properties of coating were also investigated.

Laser induced TiC particle reinforced composite layer on Ti6Al4V and their microstructural characteristics

An in situ synthesized TiC particle reinforced composite layer on Ti6Al4V were fabricated by laser induced reaction of the pre placed mixed powders of Ti and Cr 3C 2. The microstructure of the composite layer was strongly related to the composition of original powders and also the laser processing parameters. Under certain processing parameters, the matrix of the composite layer was transferred from dual α + β to single phase β with increasing Cr 3C 2 content in the original powder mixture. The TiC particles were fine and uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Furthermore, the fine TiC particles show excellent compatibility with the matrix, thus offering good wear performance.

Friction and wear behavior of TiC particle reinforced ZA43 matrix composites

TiC/ZA43 composites were fabricated by XD TM and stirring casting techniques. The tribology properties of the unreinforced ZA43 alloy and the composites were studied by using a block on ring apparatus. Experimental results show that the incorporation of TiC particles improves the microstructure of ZA43 matrix alloy. The coefficient of friction μ and the width of worn groove decrease with the increase of TiC volume fraction φ (TiC). The width of worn groove and μ of the composite during wear testing increase with increasing the applied load. Metallographic examinations reveal that unreinforced ZA43 alloy has deep ploughing grooves with obvious adhesion phenomenon, whereas TiC/ZA43 composites have smooth worn surface. Delamination formation is related to the fatigue cracks and the shear cracks on the surface. [

Microstructure Characteristic of In-situ Ti/TiC Composites

TiC reinforced titanium composites has been produced with different Al content and C content by XDTM. The results have shown that TiC particles are of two different morphologies f coarse dendritical primary TiC and short bar-shape eutectic TiC. Al content has great effects on the morphology of TiC. With the increasing of Al content, the morphology of primary TiC changes from coarse developed dendrite into short bar-shape or plate--shape TiC with 35%Al. Meanwhile, the structure of the matrix changes from single Ti to Ti and Ti3Al, and to Ti3Al and TiAl. However, the C content has no influence on the microstructure of matrix. When the C content is less than 1.2%, the dendrite TiC disappears and only short bar-shape or plate-shape TiC exists in the composites. In addition, the effect of he3t treatment on the morphology of TiC has also Studied.

Fabrication and Characterizations of Mechanical Properties of Al-4.5%Cu/10TiC Composite by <i>In-situ</i>Method

Addition of reinforcement such as TiC, SiC, Al2O3, TiO2, TiN, etc. to Aluminium matrix for enhancing the mechanical properties has been a well established fact. In-situ method of reinforcement of the Aluminium matrix with ceramic phase like Titanium Carbide (TiC) is well preferred over the Ex-situ method. In the present investigation, Al-Cu alloy (series of 2014 Aluminium alloy) was used as matrix and reinforced with TiC using In-situ process. The Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) material, Al-4.5%Cu/10%TiC developed exhibited higher yield strength, ultimate strength and hardness as compared to Al-4.5%Cu alloy. Percentage increase in yield and ultimate tensile strengths were reported to be about 15% and 24% respectively whereas Vickers hardness increased by about 35%. The higher values in hardness indicated that the TiC particles contributed to the increase of hardness of matrix. Fractured surface of the tensile specimen of the composite material indicated presence of dimpled surface, indicating thereby a ductile type of fracture. During the fabrication of composite, reaction products such as Al3Ti, Al2Cu and Al3C4 were identified with various morphologies and sizes in metal matrix.

Microstructure and Mechanical Property of in-situ Al-Cu/TiC Composites

An approach named direct reaction synthesis (DRS) has been developed to fabricate particulate composites with an extremely fine reinforcement size. ID situ Al matrix composites were fabri-cated by DRS. Extensive analysis of the composites microstructure using SEM and TEM identify that the reinforcement formed during the DRS process is Ti carbide (TiC) particle, generally less than 1.0 μm. The reacted, semisolid extruded samples exhibit a homogeneous distribution of fine TiC particles in Al-Cu matrix, Mechanical property evaluation of the composites has revealed a very high tensile strength relative to the matrix alloy. Fractographic analysis indicates ductile failure although the ductility and strength are limited by the presence of coarse titanium aluminides (Al3Ti).

Microstructure and Abrasive Mechanism of Surfacing Welding Based on TiC-VC Particle

Ultrahard titanium and vanadium carbides (TiC-VC) particles are combined among ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti), ferrovanadium (Fe-V), graphite, rutile, etc. by means of high temperature arc metallurgic reaction in deposited metal. The microstructure, properties and wear mechanism of surfacing metal were systemically studied. The results show carbides particles are embedded in Fe matrix, Microstructure of which is lath martensite. The carbides mixed in the lath martensite provide a combination of good hardness and toughness. The residual austenite transforms to martensite, which is caused by the press stress, strengthens the matrix and releases the stress. The surface layers have high abrasive resistance and cracking resistance. The integration of dispersedly distributed carbides, lath martensite and residual austenite of the surface layer results in satisfactory wear resistance.

铸造法制备TiC/ZA43复合材料连续润滑摩擦行为研究

采用搅拌铸造法制备了 Ti C/ZA43复合材料 ,用环 -块摩擦磨损试验机测试了连续润滑条件下复合材料的滑动摩擦磨损性能。结果表明 ,Ti C颗粒使基体 ZA43合金的微观组织及磨损性能显著改善 ,摩擦系数和磨痕宽度降低且变化平稳。Ti C/ZA43复合材料的磨面光滑 ,磨痕短细 ;而未增强的 ZA43局部表现为粘着磨损 ,表面产生局部的塑性流动。摩擦过程中 ,未增强的ZA43合金次表层的硬度明显降低 ;而 Ti C/ZA43变化不明显。

添加Cr_2O_3对Al_2O_3-TiC陶瓷烧结及纳米结构形成的影响

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ陶瓷材料中Ｃｒ２Ｏ３添加剂对该陶瓷材料烧结致密度和力学性能的影响．Ｃｒ２Ｏ３与ＴｉＣ在高温有化学反应发生，反应产物在高温产生的液相有助于陶瓷材料的烧结．Ｃｒ２Ｏ３与Ａｌ２Ｏ３形成连续固溶体，使Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶格活化，从而也促进了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ陶瓷材料的烧结．ＴＥＭ研究表明：Ｃｒ离子高温时在ＴｉＣ中具有较高的溶解度，降温后淀析出许多纳米级含Ｃｒ的颗粒。

激光熔覆原位自生TiC-VC颗粒增强Fe基金属陶瓷涂层

采用钛铁、钒铁、石墨等组分,利用5 kW横流CO2激光器,氩气保护在低碳钢板上制备了致密、无孔隙与基体呈冶金结合的原位自生TiC-VC复合碳化物颗粒增强Fe基熔覆层。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射、电子探针及显微硬度计,研究了熔覆层的显微组织及性能。结果表明,钛铁、钒铁与石墨通过激光熔覆的反应,所得细小的TiC-VC复合碳化物增强相弥散分布Fe基体之中,熔覆层硬度从基体到表面呈梯度分布,较基体有显著提高。

TiC和ZrC颗粒增强钨基复合材料的烧蚀研究

用氧乙炔焰喷吹法对 Ti C和 Zr C增强钨基复合材料 ( Ti Cp/W和 Zr Cp/W两系列 )烧蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,复合材料的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率由高到低的排列顺序为 :W>30 Ti Cp/W>4 0 Ti Cp/W>30 Zr Cp/W>4 0 Zr Cp/W( 30 Ti Cp/W表示含 Ti Cp 的体积分数为 30 % ,下同 )。对复合材料在烧蚀初期剧烈的升温过程进行了在线监测。 30 Ti Cp/W和 4 0 Ti Cp/W在烧蚀初期剧烈的升温过程中未能经受住约 2 0 0 0℃ /s升温热震而开裂 ,而 30 Zr Cp/W和 4 0 Zr Cp 能经受约 2 0 0 0℃ /s升温热震。在钨中加入 Ti C和 Zr C颗粒能明显提高钨的抗烧蚀性能 ,而且 Zr C颗粒比 Ti C颗粒更能提高 W的抗烧蚀性能。碳化物含量越高 ,材料的抗烧蚀性能越好。复合材料烧蚀机理是 W、Ti C和 Zr