Development review and the prospect of oil shale in-situ catalysis conversion technology

As an unconventional resource, oil shale possesses abundant reserves and significant potential for industrial applications. The rational and efficient development of oil shale resources holds immense importance in reducing national energy demand. In-situ catalytic technology, characterized by its high efficiency, low pollution, and minimal energy consumption, represents a key direction for future oil shale development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress in in-situ oil shale mining technology, oil shale pyrolysis catalysts, the pyrolysis mechanism of kerogen, and the compatibility of different heating processes and catalysts. Furthermore, the paper proposes future research directions and prospects for oil shale in-situ catalytic technology, including reservoir modification, highefficiency catalyst synthesis, injection processes, and high-efficiency heating technology. These insights serve as valuable technical references for the advancement of oil shale in-situ catalytic technology.

Properties of n-Ge epilayer on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology

The properties of n-Ge epilayer deposited on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology in a cold-wall ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition（UHVCVD） system are investigated.The growth temperature of 500℃ is optimal for the n-Ge growth in our equipment with a phosphorus concentration of 1018cm-3.In the n-Ge epilayer,the depth profile of phosphorus concentration is box-shaped and the tensile strain of 0.12% confirmed by x-ray diffraction measurement is introduced which results in the red shift of the photoluminescence.The enhancements of photoluminescence intensity with the increase of the doping concentration are observed,which is consistent with the modeling of the spontaneous emission spectrum for direct transition of Ge.The results are of significance for guiding the growth of n-Ge epilayer with in-situ doping technology.

Study on Removal Distance of a Crushing Station in Buzhaoba Surface Mine

A semi-continuous technology combines the merits of discontinuous and continuous technologies. Compared with the discontinuous technology, the semi-continuous technology can be used to decrease haulage costs in mines be- cause of the use of a belt conveyor instead of trucks. The method may improve efficiency by using shovels instead of BWE. This paper discusses the removal distance of a crushing station based on the Buzhaoba surface mine.

Technical development of operational in-situ marine monitoring and research on its key generic technologies in China

In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.

Application of Ceramic Coat Synthesized by In-Situ Combustion Synthesis to BF Tuyere

A novel technology of tuyere protection is introduced. The ceramic coat .is synthesized by using in-situ combustion process as the internal, external, and nose protecting coat of BF tuyeres. It can effectively protect the tuyeres and reduce heat loss by cooling water. The technglogy is quick-acting, easy to use, energy-saving and can make tuyeres have long service life. The feasibility of the application of the tuyere ceramic coat is discussed and the energy-saving effect of the tuyere is compared with that of the tuyeres lined with refractory.

Measures for controlling large deformations of underground caverns under high in-situ stress condition--A case study of JinpingⅠhydropower station

The Jinping I hydropower station is a huge water conservancy project consisting of the highest concrete arch dam to date in the world and a highly complex and large underground powerhouse cavern. It is located on the right bank with extremely high in-situ stress and a few discontinuities observed in surrounding rock masses. The problems of rock mass deformation and failure result in considerable challenges related to project design and construction and have raised a wide range of concerns in the fields of rock mechanics and engineering. During the excavation of underground caverns, high in-situ stress and relatively low rock mass strength in combination with large excavation dimensions lead to large deformation of the surrounding rock mass and support. Existing experiences in excavation and support cannot deal with the large deformation of rock mass effectively, and further studies are needed. In this paper, the geological conditions, layout of caverns, and design of excavation and support are first introduced, and then detailed analyses of deformation and failure characteristics of rocks are presented. Based on this, the mechanisms of deformation and failure are discussed, and the support adjustments for controlling rock large deformation and subsequent excavation procedures are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of support and excavation adjustments to maintain the stability of the rock mass is verified. The measures for controlling the large deformation of surrounding rocks enrich the practical experiences related to the design and construction of large underground openings, and the construction of caverns in the Jinping I hydropower station provides a good case study of large-scale excavation in highly stressed ground with complex geological structures, as well as a reference case for research on rock mechanics.

In-situ Fabricated TiB_2 Particle-whisker Synergistically Toughened Ti(C,N)-based Ceramic Cutting Tool Material

The mechanical properties of ceramic cutting tool materials can be modified by introducing proper content of nanoparticles or whiskers.However,the process of adding whiskers or nanoparticles has the disadvantages of high cost and health hazard as well as the agglomeration;although a new in-situ two-step sintering process can solve the above problems to some extent,yet the problems of low conversion ratio of the raw materials and the abnormal grain growth exist in this process.In this paper,an in-situ one-step synthesis technology is proposed,which means the growth of whiskers or nanoparticles and the sintering of the compact can be accomplished by one time in furnace.A kind of Ti（C,N）-based ceramic cutting tool material synergistically toughened by TiB_2 particles and whiskers is fabricated with this new process.The phase compositions,relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties as well as the toughening mechanisms are analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The composite which is sintered under a pressure of 32 MPa at a temperature of 1700℃in vacuum holding for 60 min can get the optimal mechanical properties.Its flexural strength,fracture toughness and Vickers hardness are 540 MPa,7.81 MPa·m（1/2）and 20.42 GPa,respectively.The composite has relatively high density,and the in-situ synthesized TiB_2 whiskers have good surface integrity,which is beneficial for the improvement of the fracture toughness.It is concluded that the main toughening mechanisms of the present composite are whiskers pulling-out and crack deflection induced by whiskers,crack bridging by whiskers/particles and multi-scale particles synergistically toughening.This study proposes an in-situ one-step synthesis technology which can be well used for fabricating particles and whiskers synergistically toughened ceramic tool materials.

Development of an Environmentally Friendly in-situ Pack-Cyaniding Technique

A safe and environmentally friendly cyaniding method has been developed to mitigate the toxic impacts of cyanide salts on the environment during conventional cyaniding. The method entails in-situ diffusion of nascent cyanide from mature cassava leaves into the surface of mild steel components via pack-cyaniding. Both high-temperature in-situ diffusion into austenite and low-temperature in-situ diffusion into ferrite were explored. Results from light and scanning electron microscopic studies showed that surface hardness of the steel components was substantially increased. The waste product was a harmless biodegradable organic compound that posed no disposal threats. This study is important for increasing the wear resistance of ferrous parts for a longer service life in application without polluting the environment.

高压辊磨机碎磨新工艺国内外研究及应用现状

高压辊磨机作为国内外选矿领域“多碎少磨”设备和选择性粉碎设备应用的主流,在选矿行业中的应用较为成熟,由于其具备单次处理矿石量大、粉碎效率高、且其粉碎产品粒度细的优点,因此被金属与非金属行业所广泛应用。对高压辊磨机的工作原理及粉碎过程进行了简要介绍,结合实际案例对高压辊磨机三种破碎工艺在矿山中的应用及优缺点进行了分析;对高压辊磨机在选矿行业的典型应用进行了介绍;对高压辊磨机新工艺在国内外的应用进行了重点阐述并就新工艺在选矿行业中的应用进行了展望,高压辊磨机联合搅拌磨/塔磨机工艺、高压辊磨机联合风力分级机工艺、两段高压辊磨机串联工艺、两高压辊磨并联工艺以及高压辊接双层振动筛节能降耗优势明显,有望为物料高效粉碎提供新的方案。

公路路面基层施工中水泥稳定碎石技术的分析

随着国家交通基础设施建设的快速发展,对公路路面的施工质量要求日益提高。基层施工作为公路路面施工的重要组成部分,其施工质量直接关系到路面的整体性能和使用寿命。在众多基层施工技术中,水泥稳定碎石技术因其优异的性能和经济性得到了广泛应用。在实际应用中,应严格控制原材料质量,合理选择配合比,加强施工过程监控,确保工程质量达到设计要求。对公路路面基层施工中的水泥稳定碎石技术进行深入分析,以期为相关工程实践提供参考。

抗裂嵌挤型水稳碎石基层施工技术应用研究

当前,我国高速公路半刚性基层路基占据主导地位,这种半刚性基层混合材料常会造成路面开裂进而造成严重的裂缝问题。因此,研究重点是如何有效防止和减少高速公路路基干燥收缩裂缝和温度收缩裂缝的出现。基于此,本文结合某高速公路改扩建工程段,深入探讨了抗裂嵌挤型水泥稳定碎石的设计方法和施工技术流程。对工程结束半年后的高速公路路基基层进行裂缝检查,检查结果显示基层强度符合工程要求,没有出现大面积的贯通干缩裂缝。检测结果充分说明抗裂嵌挤型水泥稳定碎石基层抗裂性能优异,解决了传统水泥稳定碎石基层开裂问题,值得广泛推广。

TCC分级破碎机结构优化及应用实践

针对中煤再利用过程中,双齿辊破碎机在细粒级煤炭处理中存在破碎效果较差、破碎效率较低、破碎齿耐磨性不理想等问题,从齿型设计、布置形式、轴承组件结构、材质及成型工艺等方面对分级破碎机进行结构优化。应用结果表明,破碎效率提升12.67%,限上率降低14.3%、破碎齿耐磨性提高2倍以上,降低了设备及系统维护时间与维护成本,保证了系统高效可靠运转,显著增加了经济效益。

粉碎洗涤技术在食用盐行业和联碱用洗涤盐行业中的应用差异

粉碎洗涤技术主要以原盐为原料,进行加工洗涤处理,以提高原盐的品质,在食用盐行业广泛用于加工制取粉洗精盐产品或腌制盐产品,同时还可为联碱生产提供所需的洗涤盐产品。文章浅析了粉碎洗涤的工艺原理,并从产品质量要求的差异、工艺处理方法的差异和消耗及成本方面的差异阐述了粉碎洗涤技术在食用盐行业和联碱用洗涤盐行业中的应用差异。

旧水泥路面共振破碎加铺沥青力学响应分析

共振破碎技术是处理旧水泥路面的有效手段,可消除沥青加铺层的反射裂缝问题,实现旧板块的原位利用,能降低工程造价缩短施工工期,因此而受到了广泛关注。掌握各共振破碎层对结构层的力学响应,可更大限度的发挥各结构层的功能,有效防止路面病害的产生。通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立含共振破碎层(松散层+嵌锁层)的沥青加铺层结构模型,分别探究不同松散层、嵌锁层和破碎层的模量和厚度对加铺结构的力学响应。研究发现:松散层的回弹模量、松散层相对厚度对加铺结构的力学响应影响显著,而嵌锁层的模量对加铺结构影响较小。应控制上部松散层的模量在300 MPa以上,嵌锁层的模量在2500 MPa以上以及松散层占共振破碎层总厚度1/3左右。此外,在加铺层结构设计时,将共振破碎层作为双层结构考虑比单层结构更加安全可靠。

大厚度水泥稳定碎石半刚性基层一次性摊铺施工技术

以实际工程项目为例,探讨大厚度水泥稳定碎石半刚性基层一次性摊铺施工技术的应用和施工技术,并设计室内试验确定混合料最佳配合比,根据一次性摊铺施工技术的特点和工程项目的具体设计要求,严格控制材料施工质量,加强施工技术的应用质量及机械配备,确保基层结构的安全稳定性。

公路水泥稳定级配碎石层试验检测技术的应用分析

水泥稳定碎石基层施工质量直接关乎公路的总体品质,并对公路未来的安全稳定运行具有深远影响。鉴于此,强化水泥稳定碎石层的试验与检测工作显得尤为关键。本文通过对公路水泥稳定碎石层的试验检测技术的分析,提出了详尽的技术应用策略,旨在为同类工程项目提供有价值的参考借鉴,以促进工程质量的全面提升。

秸秆粉碎技术对土壤环境及作物生长的提升机理

秸秆粉碎技术是指将农田或农作物种植后残留的秸秆、稻草等植物秸秆进行机械粉碎处理,在有效处理秸秆的同时秸秆中的有机物质和养分为土壤提供营养,有助于改善土壤质量。该文分析了秸秆粉碎对土壤环境的影响,包括改善土壤结构、增加土壤有机质和提高土壤保水保肥能力等方面的正面影响。同时探讨了秸秆粉碎技术可能带来的负面影响,如对土壤微生物和生物多样性的影响等,阐述了秸秆粉碎对作物生长中提供养分、改善土壤温度、减轻土壤压实等方面的作用机理,并结合实际案例和研究成果,总结秸秆粉碎技术在提升土壤环境质量和促进作物生长方面的重要意义和发展趋势,研究内容旨在对农业生产具有重要意义。

巴万高速典型边坡危岩分析与处治方法研究

随着国民经济的快速发展,跨山区的高速交通愈发受到重视,而山区地质灾害频发,边坡危岩属于山区的典型地质灾害,因此,山区高速公路尤其需要做好边坡危岩的处治工作。基于此,本文对边坡危岩的失稳方式进行了讨论,并根据巴万高速某边坡危岩工程实例,提出采用柔性主动防护网技术与静态膨胀破碎法相结合的施工方案进行边坡危岩处治,并对该方案的工艺流程进行了介绍,为同种类型的边坡危岩处治提供了思路。

玉米秸秆还田循环利用机械化技术

秸秆还田不仅可以增强土壤的营养含量,还可以维持土壤的湿润度和孔隙度,从而为作物生产创造有利的土壤条件。机械化玉米秸秆还田的方法是在秋季使用还田机进行秸秆的破碎,然后在来年春天的农田耕作过程中将破碎的秸秆混入土壤中,以此来实现玉米秸秆的有效利用。为了提高玉米秸秆还田的效率,对机械化秸秆还田循环利用技术进行了研究,详细解析了秸秆还田机的技术特性,阐述了秸秆还田机械化作业的工艺流程。

市政施工中水泥稳定碎石基层的应用技术研究

在道路工程方面,路面结构是影响其使用寿命、安全性及经济性的重要因素。因此,如何保证路面结构的质量,成为了当前公路建设中的一个热点问题。文章将从市政施工中水泥稳定碎石基层的工程特性入手,分析其原材料选择和配合比设计方法,并通过一些施工技术手段来优化其性能,以期为今后的基础结构工程提供一定的参考依据。