Data Analysis and Modeling of Fiber Optic Gyroscope Drift

A data gathering system is designed for the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) of land strapdown inertial system. IFOG is tested and the testing curve is given. The test data of IFOG are analyzed with Allan variance method and each error coefficient is identified. Furthermore, a random drift error model for IFOG is built by the method of time series analysis. The conclusion provides supports for improving IFOG design and compensating for errors of IFOG in practice.

Effect of radiation-induced mean wavelength shift in optical fibers on the scale factor of an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope at a wavelength of 1300 nm

In order to analyze the effect of wavelength-dependent radiation-induced attenuation （RIA） on the mean trans- mission wavelength in optical fiber and the scale factor of interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes （IFOGs）, three types of polarization-maintaining （PM） fibers are tested by using a 60Co γ-radiation source. The observed different mean wave- length shift （MWS） behaviors for different fibers are interpreted by color-center theory involving dose rate-dependent absorption bands in ultraviolet and visible ranges and total dose-dependent near-infrared absorption bands. To evaluate the mean wavelength variation in a fiber coil and the induced scale factor change for space-borne IFOGs under low radiation doses in a space environment, the influence of dose rate on the mean wavelength is investigated by testing four germanium （Ge） doped fibers and two germanium-phosphorus （Ge-P） codoped fibers irradiated at different dose rates. Experimental results indicate that the Ge-doped fibers show the least mean wavelength shift during irradiation and their mean wavelength of optical signal transmission in fibers will shift to a shorter wavelength in a low-dose-rate radiation environment. Finally, the change in the scale factor of IFOG resulting from the mean wavelength shift is estimated and tested, and it is found that the significant radiation-induced scale factor variation must be considered during the design of space-borne IFOGs.

Filtering of long-term dependent fractal noise in fiber optic gyroscope

Stochastic noises of fiber optic gyroscope （FOG） mainly contain white noise and fractal noise whose long-term dependent component causes FOG a rather slow drift. In order to eliminate this component, a two-step filtering methodology is proposed. Firstly, fractional differencing （FD） method is introduced to trans-form fractal noise into fractional white noise based on the estima-tion of Hurst exponent for long-term dependent fractal process, which together with the existing white noise make up of a gener-alized white noise. Further, an improved denoising algorithm of wavelet maxima is developed to suppress the generalized white noise. Experimental results show that the basic noise terms of FOG greatly decrease, and especially the slow drift is restrained effectively. The proposed methodology provides a promising ap-proach for filtering long-term dependent fractal noise.

Effect of radiation-induced color centers absorption in optical fibers on fiber optic gyroscope for space application

The effects of color centers＇ absorption on fibers and interferometric fiber optical gyroscopes（IFOGs） are studied in the paper. The irradiation induced attenuation（RIA） spectra of three types of polarization-maintaining fibers（PMFs）, i.e.,P-doped, Ge-doped, and pure silica, irradiated at 100 Gy and 1000 Gy are measured in a wavelength range from 1100 nm to1600 nm and decomposed according to the Gaussian model. The relationship of the color centers absorption intensity with radiation dose is investigated based on a power model. Furthermore, the effects of all color centers＇ absorption on RIA and mean wavelength shifts（MWS） at 1300 nm and 1550 nm are discussed respectively. Finally, the random walk coefficient（RWC） degradation induced from RIA and the scale factor error induced by MWS of the IFOG are simulated and tested at a wavelength of 1300 nm. This research will contribute to the applications of the fibers in radiation environments.

Suppression of modulation-induced polarization error in spliceless open-loop fiber optic gyroscope [Invited]

The suppression of polarization cross talk in lead zirconate titanate phase modulators as a key error source has been challenging for open-loop fiber optic gyroscopes(FOGs).We developed a polarization-diversity optical frequency domain reflectometry(OFDR)to measure the distributed modulation polarization error in the modulator.The error contributes 8×10^(−6) rad to FOG’s bias instability.Using a UV-fabricated in-fiberλ/4 wave plate and polarization-mode converter with fiber taper technology,the modulation error has been suppressed by 15 dB in assembled FOGs.This approach reduced error with temperature from 25°/h to 0.7°/h,meeting the requirements of control-level gyroscopes with bias errors less than 1°/h.

Suppression of backscattering induced noise by the sideband locking technique in a resonant fiber optic gyroscope

Polarization fluctuation induced noise and backscattering-induced noise are the dominant noises in resonant fiber optic gyroscopes. This Letter proposes a new method to suppress the carrier and backscattering induced noise by the sideband locking technique. Besides choosing an optimized modulation depth and different clockwise and counterclockwise modulation frequencies, the sideband is locked to the cavity resonance. With the proper modulation frequency, the carrier frequency component locates at a position far away from the resonant frequency, and then it is suppressed by the cavity itself, which can be taken as a bandpass filter. The amplitude of the carrier frequency can be suppressed by 20–25 d B additionally by the cavity and the total intensity suppression ratio can reach 115.74 d B. The backscattering induced noise can be eliminated for the adoption of different frequencies. The method can realize a stable and high suppression ratio without high requirements for parameter accuracy or device performance.

Experimental optimization of an erbium-doped super-fluorescent fiber source for fiber optic gyroscopes

Double-pass forward and double-pass backward erbium-doped super-fluorescent fiber sources（EDSFSs） were combined in one configuration.A 980 nm laser diode pumped the same erbium-doped fiber from both directions using a coupler as a power splitter.The double-pass configuration was achieved by coating the fiber end face.Firstly,an optimal fiber length was found to obtain a high stability of output light wavelength with pump power, and then 1530/1550 nm wavelength division multiplexing was used for spectrum planarization,which expanded the bandwidth to more than 22 nm.The final step was a test of temperature stability.The results show that the rate of the central wavelength change kept to below 3.5 ppm/℃in the range of -40 to 60℃and 1-2 ppm/℃in the range of 20-30℃.Considering all the three factors of the fiber optic gyro applications,we selected 80 mA as the pump current,in which case the central wavelength temperature instability was calculated as 2.70 ppm/℃, 3 dB bandwidth 22.85 nm,spectral flatness 0.2 dB,output power 5.17 mW and power efficiency up to 9.92%.This experimental result has a significant reference value to the selection of devices and proper design of ED-SFSs for the application of high-precision fiber optic gyroscopes.

Ultra-small interferometric fiber optic gyroscope with an integrated optical chip

This study proposes a novel interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip,application-specific integrated circuit,and small-diameter sensing coil.The overall size and weight of the prototype are 30 mm × 30 mm ×30 mm and 68 g,respectively,making it the smallest closed-loop IFOG,to the best of our knowledge.A static experiment shows that the bias stability of the integrated IFOG is very close to the theoretical accuracy limit determined by the fiber coil and can satisfy the requirements of near-navigation-grade compact inertial navigation systems.

Near-navigation-grade interferometric fiber optic gyroscope with an integrated optical chip

We present a near-navigation-grade interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip.The chip comprises a light source,a photodiode,and a 3 dB coupler within an area of 48 mm^(2).By interrogating with an integrated optical modulator and a small-diameter sensing coil,the IFOG is realized.This allows for a significant reduction in size,weight,power consumption,and cost.Preliminary performance data of a gyro proto type exhibits 0.018 deg/h bias instability.

Effect of ^(60)Co-gamma radiation on the random walk error of interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes

Two 60Co-gamma radiation experiments were launched to explore the radiation effect on optical components and interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG). In optical components radiation experiment, the result showed that polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber coil loss was the most affected parameter in all the RWC (random walk coefficient) related parameters, compared with the weak sensitivity of other components parameters. In the IFOG radiation experiment, the RWC performance degradation was found to be almost due to an increase of the PM fiber attenuation. Based on the experiment result, a RWC prediction model in radiation, which is obtained by embedding PM fiber loss expression into the RWC model, was built following a power law of dose and dose rate. An IFOG RWC in space radiation environment was predicted from radiation dose and dose rate by the RWC prediction model. This RWC value calculated from test data is fully accorded to the RWC value predicted from radiation dose.

Low-Drift Closed-Loop Fiber Optic Gyroscope of High Scale Factor Stability Driven by Laser With External Phase Modulation

In view of the poor scale factor stability of the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG),it is a creative method to use laser to drive the IFOG for its better frequency stabilization characteristics instead of the broadband light source.As the linewidth of laser is narrow,the errors of coherent backscattering,polarization coupling,and Kerr effect are reintroduced which cause more noise and drift.This paper studies laser spectrum broadening based on external phase modulation of Gaussian white noise(GWN).The theoretical analysis and test results indicate that this method has a good effect on spectrum broadening and can be used to improve the performance of the laser-driven IFOG.In the established closed-loop IFOG,a four-state modulation(FSM)is adopted to avoid temperature instability of the multifunction integrated-optic chip(MIOC)and drift caused by the electronic circuit in demodulation.The experimental results show that the IFOG driven by broadened laser has the angular random walk noise of 0.0038°/√h and the drift of 0.017°/h,which are 62%and 66%better than those without modulation respectively,of which the drift has reached the level of the broadband light source.Although the noise still needs further reduction,its scale factor stability is 0.38 ppm,which has an overwhelming advantage compared with the traditional IFOG.

Noise decomposition and parameter optimization method for high sensitivity fiber optic gyroscope

A novel random walk coefficient(RWC) model of the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG) to decompose fundamental noise sources, namely the shot noise, the excess noise, the thermal noise, and the detection circuit noise, from the overall noise was developed. The coefficients of the model were extracted from the measured RWC instead of by calculating the accurate IFOG parameters, which is simpler and more accurate. The correctness and the accuracy of the model were verified by experiments. Using this model, the RWC of the experimental IFOG was predicted and the quantitative contributions of the noise sources were determined. According to the predicted results, the parameters of the IFOG were optimized. Finally, based on the model, a noise decomposition and parameter optimization method was proposed for high sensitivity IFOG design.

光纤陀螺仪光纤尾纤装配动力学建模仿真与应力计算方法

光纤陀螺仪(FOG)中光纤尾纤的装配主要依靠工人手工完成,装配应力控制凭借人工经验,一致性难以保障。针对光纤装配应力定量控制的难题,提出一种基于离散微分几何理论的光纤动力学建模仿真方法。首先,基于离散微分几何理论建立了光纤运动学框架,并由弹性势能推导了包含拉伸、弯曲和扭转变形的光纤动力学方程以及应力计算方法。其次,提出了基于Newmark隐式算法的光纤动力学方程数值求解方法,并设计了光纤在装配过程中与周围物体的碰撞检测与响应策略。随后,进行了光纤圆周布设和弯扭变形的仿真测试。结果表明,光纤控制端与固定端之间的自由长度越短,光纤圆周布设的位置越精确;光纤截面半径越大,在同样的扭转角下光纤产生的弯扭变形程度越大。最后,设计了一种光纤陀螺仪装配布局,并通过动力学仿真得到了光纤装配过程的应力分布及最大应力变化,为陀螺仪光路低应力装配与路径规划提供了理论支撑。

光学陀螺旋转调制惯导系统及关键技术发展

面向长航时、高精度的自主导航技术需求,系统梳理光学陀螺旋转调制惯导系统的发展历程及关键技术现状具有重要的现实意义。首先,基于惯导系统误差特性,阐述了旋转调制技术的基本原理。其次,系统回顾和梳理欧美等西方国家旋转惯导系统发展历程,分析了系统发展演变后的技术逻辑,总结了我国旋转惯导系统的研制现状。最后,立足于提高系统自主导航精度,从旋转策略优化、误差标校、初始对准3个方面分析了旋转惯导系统需解决的关键技术及研究现状。在总结光学陀螺旋转调制惯导系统及关键技术发展基础上,针对后续旋转惯导系统研究提出了几点思考,为高精度自主导航技术研究提供参考。

谐振式光纤陀螺谐振腔传输模型仿真方法

谐振式光纤陀螺(RFOG)是一种以光纤环形谐振腔为核心敏感器件的惯性传感器。为提高仿真效率和适用性,提出了一种谐振式光纤陀螺快速运算仿真方法,搭建了谐振式光纤陀螺信号处理和闭环控制模型,其中模拟谐振腔多圈干涉耦合采用多核并行运算,包含光场叠加和传递函数两种形式。仿真结果表明所提方法仿真效率较高,平均在16s左右完成仿真,相比于原始模型的锁频程序运行效率提升了57.6%。同时两种仿真形式均适用于精度范围0.0001~1(°)/√h的谐振光纤陀螺仿真,有效适应不同仿真参数的测试要求。其中传递函数形式相较于光场叠加形式仿真效率提升了5.4倍,在±600(°)/s动态范围内标度因数非线性度降低了17%,而光场叠加形式的零偏不稳定性减小到0.652(°)/h,易于观察偏振波动误差特性。

宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺谐振特性分析

为优化宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺(RFOG)谐振腔设计,进行了RFOG谐振特性分析。首先,根据光场传输理论完成了宽谱RFOG光场传输特性分析,建立了宽谱RFOG谐振频差曲线模型,给出了谐振特性参数表达式。理论证明了宽谱RFOG的陀螺精细度和半高全宽约为谐振腔光谱曲线的1/2和2倍。其次,基于宽谱RFOG光场理论模型,分析了耦合器交叉耦合系数、附加损耗和谐振腔腔长等谐振腔关键光学参数对陀螺精细度和极限灵敏度的影响。最后,实验验证了谐振特性理论分析的正确性,并通过优化谐振腔参数实现陀螺零偏不稳定性0.059°/h,对谐振式光纤陀螺工程设计具有理论指导意义。

光纤陀螺光路热致零漂误差机理与抑制方法

光纤陀螺(FOG)作为一种高精度角速度传感器,在惯性导航、定位定向和姿态控制中扮演着至关重要的角色。然而,光纤陀螺光路热致零漂误差是限制陀螺精度提升的关键因素之一。通过分析Shupe效应、Mohr效应及交扰效应,解释了热致零漂误差的产生机理;从内因(几何对称性和物理对称性)和外因(环境影响和物理场激励)两方面归纳了影响零漂误差的不同因素;进一步讨论了对内因和外因的关键因素(如光路的应变和温度分布)检测的布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)技术、光频域反射(OFDR)技术以及拉曼光时域反射(ROTDR)技术的研究现状;最后介绍了光纤环绕制工艺的优化、特种光纤的应用、尾纤长度的调整以及温度补偿技术等多种抑制热致零漂误差的措施和方法。上述研究为恶劣环境下导航级光纤陀螺测量精度和环境适应性的进一步提升奠定了基础。

光纤陀螺用集成光收发模块耦合移位对耦合损耗和平均波长的影响研究

集成光收发模块作为集成化光纤陀螺的关键器件之一,能够实现光源、探测器和耦合器等功能,其光路的耦合移位会显著影响光路耦合效率和平均波长,从而影响陀螺的零偏和标度因数等性能。文章对空间光路进行理论建模,使用重叠积分法计算耦合效率;使用Beamprop方法进行仿真分析,得到不同耦合位移下的耦合损耗以及平均波长漂移;最后通过对比实验对理论和仿真情况进行了验证。结果表明,耦合损耗受y轴方向耦合移位的影响最大,平均波长漂移受z轴方向耦合移位的影响最大,并给出了不同耦合损耗下的平均波长漂移,为集成光收发模块的光路耦合及优化工作提供参考。

Y波导温致半波电压特性对谐振式光纤陀螺的影响

针对基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺(resonant fiber optic gyroscope, RFOG)中Y波导调制器半波电压的温度影响,开展了Y波导温致半波电压特性对谐振式光纤陀螺影响的研究。建立了Y波导温致半波电压特性对基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统标度因素的影响规律模型,模型表明:Y波导调制器的温致半波电压特性会导致基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统的标度因素发生变化。搭建了用于宽谱光源的Y波导调制器半波电压测试系统,系统测试精度达1 mV。实验测试了全温范围内Y波导的温致半波电压特性在基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统中的影响,测试结果表明:Y波导调制器的半波电压与温度呈线性负相关;Y波导调制器的温致半波电压特性导致基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统的标度因素的最大相对变化误差为1 266.01×10^(-6)。

基于冗余第二代小波变换的光纤陀螺实时降噪算法研究

提出了一种基于冗余第二代小波变换的光纤陀螺实时降噪算法,该算法直接利用插值补零后的预测器和更新器对信号进行分解和重构,确保逼近信号和细节信号的长度与原始信号相同,避免重构后信号失真。模拟信号和光纤陀螺输出信号的仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够较好地保留信号的时域特征,保证信号的完整性和准确性,不受降噪过程的影响,同时量化噪声降低了约50.23%,角度随机游走降低了约19.14%,零偏不稳定性降低了约53.02%,为光纤陀螺信号处理提供了一种有效的方法。