Evolution of Hydrodynamic Field, Oil-Gas Migration and Accumulation in Songliao Basin, China

The oil-gas migration and accumulation in the Songliao Basin were analyzed in the view of fluid dynamics by the authors. The key point of fluid dynamics is hydrodynamics. Oil-gas migration and accumulation are related closely with formation and evolution of hydrodynamic field. Based on abundant data, initial formation pressure and other parameters, such as water head were studied. They can be used to understand the present distribution of hydrodynamic field and its hydrochemical features. Generally, the hydrodynamic field in the basin is obviously asymmetrical. In its north and east part, there are the areas of centripetal flow caused by topographic relief when meteoric water permeate downwards. Its south part is an evaporation-concentration area. The central depression is an area of centrifugal flow driven by sediment compaction and its cross-formational flow area. Only at the basin margin and in the local uplifted and denudated area are the meteoric water permeating downwards areas. The centrifugal flow driven by sediment compaction is the main dynamic factor that induces oil-gas migration and accumulation and its formation period corresponding to the main stage of oil-gas migration and accumulation. Moreover, the evolution of hydrodynamic field has the cyclic property, which results in phased oil-gas migration by stages, and further dominates the terraced annular oil and gas distribution, concentric with their corresponding sags.

Fluid Inclusions Usage for Assessing Oil Migration in Duhok, North Iraq

Studies of primary and secondary fluid inclusions were done on epigenetic barite samples collected from carbonates of Lower part of Sarmord Formation (Lower Cretaceous) and Aqra-Bekhme Formations (Upper Cretaceous) in Duhok, north Iraq. Lead isotopes composition in galena which associated barite that contained fluid inclusions helped the identification two events of fluid inclusions. These fluid inclusions contain brine water and hydrocarbons. Primary and secondary fluid inclusions in barite as well as lead isotopes composition in galena helped the interpretation of oil migration history and the pathway of oil migration. Ages of galena are syngronous with the events of oil and water trapping as inclusions within barite, and hence the interpreted galena generation could be assigned to the fluid inclusions age. Accordingly, the events are two phases of early and late generations that correspond to 120 m.y. and 30 m.y. respectively. Correlation with 10 PetroMod basin modeling of the generated oil from the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Formations fitted with the event of early galena generation, whereas the oil migration started before 70 m.y. and continued to 30 m.y. ago. Palynomorphs study confirmed that the oil in source rocks is similar with the migrated oil.

Application of Organic Inclusions in Offshore Oil-Gas Exploration

Studies of organic inclusions from the offshore oil and gas fields provide much information about the number of times, temperature, depth, time and phase state of oil\|gas migration, as well as about the composition of organic inclusions. On the basis of the type, character, composition and distribution of organic inclusions in the Zhu\|Ⅲ Depression at the Pearl River Mouth, information can be developed about the source rocks of oil and gas, and their evolution and migration.

Thermodynamic Modeling of Fluid-Bearing Natural Gas Inclusions for Geothermometer and Geobarometer of Overpressured Environments in Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

It is a very difficult problem to directly determine fluid pressure duringhydrocarbon migration and accumulation in sedimentary basins. pVt modeling of coupling hydrocarbonfluid inclusion of its coeval aqueous fluid inclusion provides a powerful tool for establishing therelationship of formation pressure evolution with time. Homogenization temperature of fluidinclusion can routinely be measured under microthermometric microscopy. Crushing technique has beenemployed to obtain the composition of fluid inclusions, and the commercial software VTFLINC easilyand rapidly completes the construction of p-t phase diagram. The minimum trapping pressure ofhydrocarbon fluid inclusion would be then determined in the p-t space. In this paper, three samplesof YC21-1-1 and YC21-1-4 wells at YC21-1 structural closure, Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea,were selected for the pVt modeling practice, and the formation pressure coefficient (equals to fluidpressure/hydrostatic pressure) changing trend with time has primarily been established. Themodeling results also indicate that the reservoirs of Ling-shui and Yacheng formations in YC21-1structure are within a very high potential system and would have undergone a discharging of thermalfluids through top seal rupture, which depicts that there is a very high risk for natural gasexploration in this area.

Integrate GOI and composition data of oil inclusions to reconstruct petroleum charge history of gas-condensate reservoirs:example from the Mosuowan area,central Junggar basin(NW China)

The Grains containing Oil Inclusions(GOI)data in currently gas/condensate-beating Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of Well Pen 5(the Mosuowan area of central Junggar Basin,NW China)are generally greater than the empirical threshold line of 5%.This is consistent with the gas-condensate section originally containing a palaeo-oil column.In order to assess the origin of the oil trapped in the oil inclusion and its relationship to the free oil/gas-condensate,a detailed molecular geochemical study was carried out for correlation between the free and inclusion oils.The paleo oil is most likely sourced from the Lower Permian Fengeheng Formation,which generated hydrocarbons primarily during Late Triassic and the oils were later secondarily altered and dysmigrated along faults likely during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.In contrast,the current reservoired oil/gas-condensate mainly derived from the Middle Permian Lower Wuerhe Formation,whose peak generation time last from Late Cretaceous even to the present.This paper showed that integrated oil-bearing fluid inclusion analyses have likely allowed a complex multi-phase charge history to be recognized and resolved with a high degree of confidence.

Abnormal formation pressures and oil-gas migration in China

Abnormal formation pressures occur not only in marine strata but also in terrestrialsedimentary basins in China.It develops most in Tertiary,followed by Mesozoic and Palaeozoic.Residualpressure decreases with the age of strata.Abnormal pressure raainly results from imbalanced compaction andhydrocarbon generation,and depends on various geological conditions.The secondary cause is the uplift ofcrust at the late stage and the transformation of clay minerals.Practical data show that the abnormal forma-tion pressure provides the dynamic force and passages for the primary migration of oil-gas,and in reservoirs,itcan affect the distribution of flow potential,which controls the migration direction and the aocumulation placeof oil and gas.

Hydrocarbon Generation, Migration, and Accumulation in the Eocene Niubao Formation in the Lunpola Basin, Tibet, China: Insights from Basin Modeling and Fluid Inclusion Analysis

The Eocene Niubao Formation is the primary research target of oil exploration in the Lunpola Basin.Crude oil was extracted from Well Z1 on the northern margin of the basin in 1993.In this study,an integrated evaluation of the source rock geothermal,and maturity histories and the fluid inclusion and fluid potential distributions was performed to aid in predicting areas of hydrocarbon accumulation.Due to the abundance of organic matter,the kerogen types,maturity,and oil-sources correlate with the geochemical data.The middle submember of the second member of the Niubao Formation(E2n^2-2)is the most favorable source rock based on the amount of oil produced from the E2n^2-3and E2n^3-1reservoirs.One-and twodimensional basin modeling,using BasinMod software,shows that the E2n^2-2source rock started to generate hydrocarbon at 35-30 Ma,reached a maturity of Ro=0.7%at 25-20 Ma,and at present,it has reached the peak oil generation stage with a thermal maturity of Ro=0.8%to less than Ro=1.0%.By using fluid inclusion petrography,fluorescence spectroscopy,and microthermometry,two major periods of oil charging have been revealed at 26.1-17.5 and 32.4-24.6 Ma.The oil accumulation modeling results,conducted by using the Trinity software,show a good fit of the oil shows in the wells and predict that the structural highs and lithologic transitions within the Jiangriaco and Paco sags are potential oil traps.

数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合——基于产业和城乡协同发展视角

数字普惠金融为破除城乡金融体系二元对立、优化城乡资源配置、助推城乡融合开辟了新路径。本文基于2011-2021年中国地级市面板数据,从产业和城乡协同发展视角分析数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合的作用渠道。研究发现,数字普惠金融有效促进了城乡融合发展。从各维度来看,覆盖广度与使用深度是促进城乡融合的关键,信贷和保险业务发挥了显著的协同效应,数字普惠金融的城乡融合效应在空间和社会维度上显著;在东部、中部地区和农村资金外流程度较轻的地区,数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合的作用更强;数字普惠金融能够促进生产要素在产业和城乡间流动,发挥劳动力转移和产业结构升级的带动作用,间接赋能城乡融合。

新型城镇化建设对流动人口永久性迁移的吸引力——来自全国283个城市的经验证据

在劳动力资源日益稀缺的背景下,为精准开展以人为核心的新型城镇化建设,缓解城市“用工荒”等现实问题,利用2017年流动人口动态监测数据,运用空间计量分析的方法实证检验了新型城镇化建设对流动人口永久性迁移意愿的影响。研究发现,我国流动人口永久性迁移意愿呈现出东西高、南北高及中部低的“U”型趋势,且省会城市、计划单列市等经济社会发展水平较高的城市具有明显的“城市圈效应”。城市在政策认同、经济融入与社会融合上的包容是流动人口永久性迁移的主要原因。在城市发展的宏观经济指标中,房价与人均GDP是吸引流动人口迁入的主要因素,但人均公共财政预算支出对其并不存在影响。

杭锦旗地区二叠系储层油气成藏期次及流体势特征

杭锦旗地区是鄂尔多斯盆地北部重要的含油气区,油气成藏期次及流体势研究有利于探究油气充注的世代以及流体势的分布特征,并进一步判定成藏期油气的运移方向。本文以什股壕区块和十里加汗区块5口井的二叠系下石盒子组盒一段储层砂岩为研究对象,基于流体包裹体分析厘定油气成藏期次,并结合流体势理论计算研究区关键成藏期的流体势并揭示油气的运移方向。研究结果显示:什股壕区块盒一段储层油气的成藏时间为132~102 Ma;十里加汗区块盒一段储层油气的成藏时间为132~101 Ma。杭锦旗北部的什股壕盒一段储层油气的流体势为18 128~22 872 J/kg;杭锦旗南部的十里加汗区块盒一段储层油气的流体势为22 975~27 153 J/kg。本文认为研究区二叠系盒一段储层油气成藏时间在早白垩世,十里加汗区块整体的流体势要高于什股壕区块,油气具备由南部向北部运移的趋势。

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘泾河油田长7段烃源岩生、排烃期与油气成藏期对比

泾河油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,目前已发现的油气主要位于研究区东北部,前人研究表明原油主要来自延长组长7段油页岩,然而原油到底来自研究区还是其东北部盆地中心的烃源岩还未有定论,从而制约了泾河油田的下一步勘探。利用盆地模拟方法,模拟了研究区和盆地中心长7段烃源岩生、排烃史,确定了泾河油田不同构造部位长7段烃源岩的生、排烃时间,并结合流体包裹体技术厘定了延长组储层原油成藏期次。烃源岩生、排烃时间和储层原油成藏时间以及生、排烃量的计算结果显示,泾河油田长7段烃源岩对本区油气成藏贡献有限,而盆地中心烃源岩生、排烃时间与研究区油气成藏时间具有很好的对应关系,并且本区油气明显具有由东北部向西南部运移的特点。因此与普遍认为的延长组储层以近源短距离垂向运移为主的成藏特征不同,本区已发现油藏可能主要来源于其东北部盆地中心优势生、排烃区,沿走滑断裂带经历了一定距离的侧向运移后聚集成藏。研究结果可为下一步研究区有利运聚方向及成藏区带预测提供重要参考。

云南思茅银子山金多金属矿床成矿流体特征及演化

为探讨云南思茅银子山金多金属矿床金的迁移和沉淀机制,对该矿床开展了流体包裹体岩相学和热力学研究。结果表明,银子山金多金属矿床成矿期主要发育气液两相流体包裹体(LV类)、含子矿物多相流体包裹体(LD类)和单相包裹体(L/V类);成矿流体为中-低温(140~330℃)、中低盐度(3.23%~8.41%NaCleqv)的H2O-NaCl的流体体系,其捕获深度为0.4~1.2 km;成矿流体的温度、盐度、压力等从成矿早期到晚期均呈逐渐降低的特征。矿床蚀变矿物组合及成矿流体性质表明,银子山金多金属矿床为一典型的浅成低温热液型矿床,Au主要以Au(HS)_(2)^(–)形式迁移,在成矿流体运移过程中,由于流体-围岩反应以及大气水的混合导致Au沉淀并富集成矿。

数字普惠金融如何影响农户农机社会化服务的采纳?——基于CLDS数据的分析

在数字乡村建设加快推进的背景下,文章利用中国劳动力动态调查数据与北京大学数字普惠金融指数,实证研究了数字普惠金融对农户农机社会化服务采纳的影响及其作用机理。结果表明:(1)数字普惠金融可以促进农户对农机社会化服务的采纳,不管是数字普惠金融总指数还是覆盖广度、使用深度,均具有显著的促进作用。(2)经过内生性处理和稳健性检验,数字普惠金融依然正向影响农机社会化服务的采纳。(3)利用中介效应模型对作用路径的分析发现,数字普惠金融可以通过促进农户非农创业、劳动力务工以及农地转入来促使其采纳农机社会化服务。基于以上结论提出两点启示:一是继续推进数字普惠金融在农村的发展,不断提高其覆盖广度和使用深度。二是根据中介路径来看,应鼓励农户非农创业和就业,还要进一步完善农地流转市场,更好地发挥中介传导作用,从而促进农机社会化服务的发展。

琼东南盆地Ⅱ号断裂带新生界多期热流体活动与天然气运聚特征

运用流体包裹体、有机地球化学分析和压力模拟手段,综合研究了琼东南盆地东部Ⅱ号断裂带新生界多期热流体活动及天然气运聚特征。研究结果表明:(1)琼东南盆地东部Ⅱ号断裂带BX19-2构造天然气主要为烃气和CO_(2),烃气为煤型气和油型气的混合气,但不同气层中天然气组分含量差异较大,浅部三亚组气层为相对高含量的烃气(体积分数为83.93%)和低含量的有机成因CO_(2)(体积分数为7.11%);较深部的陵水组气层为含量相对较低的烃气(体积分数为16.10%~76.63%)和含量相对较高的幔源CO_(2)(体积分数为18.70%~81.56%)。(2)流体包裹体和岩石地球化学参数显示烃气运移与3期热流体活动相关,每期热流体的活动深度及引起的热异常程度均存在一定差异。3期含烃热流体活动的时间分别为中新世晚期(约8.8 Ma)、上新世(约4.5~4.1 Ma)和第四纪(约1.1~0.1 Ma)。(3)热流体是以断裂为主要通道发生垂向高效快速充注。来自宝岛凹陷深部的幔源CO_(2)在上新世晚期—第四纪(约2.2~0.5 Ma)发生充注,并驱替了陵水组储层的烃气。因此,宝岛凹陷Ⅱ号断裂带附近的圈闭可能具有钻遇高CO_(2)含量的风险。

有机包裹体在油气运移研究中的应用综述

系统总结了有机包裹体在研究油气运移时间、通道、方向、期次等方面的最新成果 ,介绍了近年来有机包裹体成分在确定油气来源、运移期次方面所取得的进展 ,并对存在的主要问题和发展趋势作了评述。

准噶尔盆地红山嘴-车排子断裂带含油气流体活动特点地球化学研究

从微量元素地球化学和包裹体地球化学角度系统对比分析了准噶尔盆地红车断裂带地区(主断裂及其上下盘)的含油气流体活动特点,结果表明,断裂在构造活动期是油气流体运移的良好通道,断裂上下盘中聚集的油气经由主断裂运移进入,且上盘优先接受充注,油气在断裂带中的运聚主要包括两个期次,每一期次又包括了多个幕,并可能具有幕式活动特征。

西峰油田延长组长8段储层流体作用期次分析

采用显微荧光技术以及包裹体显微测温技术,结合鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田埋藏史及地热史演化过程模拟,确定了该区油气运移主要分两期,第一期发生于中、晚侏罗世,第二期发生于早白垩世末期,该期是鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区中生代油气运聚的重要时刻。油气运聚的第一期和第二期分别对应于早成岩B期和晚成岩A期成岩阶段。由于该区盐水包裹体以石英裂缝中形成的为主,包裹体的保存条件相对较差,使得均一温度具有一定的多解性,因此制定了裂缝中流体包裹体测温数据应用的筛选原则,为类似情况流体包裹体的应用提供了参考。

利用包裹体分析鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界油气充注史与古流体势

对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界110块砂岩样品中流体包裹体进行了荧光、温度和流体势分析。系统分析表明,鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气具有多阶连续性运聚特征,虽可划分6期,但应为多期充注一期成藏。各区块不断运移平衡连续成藏。不同时期流体势走向不尽相同,榆林、神木、乌审旗等地区为油气长期指向区。

四川盆地西南部流体包裹体特征及其在石油地质上的应用

四川盆地西南部震旦系灯影组、二叠系和下三叠统嘉陵江组储层中次生成因的孔隙、溶洞、裂缝较发育,经历了多期白云石和石英充填;根据不同期次充填矿物或脉体中有机包裹体的特征和组合类型,以及同期盐水包裹体的均一温度,将烃类在储层中的油气演化和运移聚集期次划分为:1印支期石油大量形成阶段的油气运移和聚集;2燕山期凝析油-湿气演化阶段的油气运移和聚集;3燕山期—喜山期干气演化阶段的天然气大规模运移和聚集。

准噶尔盆地西北缘油气成藏演化的包裹体地球化学研究

准噶尔盆地西北缘地区是叠合盆地“多源多期”油气成藏的一个典型实例。本文通过对油气运聚过程中的“化石”记录——包裹体进行研究,采用储层游离烃和包裹体烃成分对比分析,有机包裹体光性特征鉴别,流体包裹体均一温度结合地层埋藏—热史,以及有机包裹体红外光谱特征分析,确定了油气来源与成藏期次。再结合烃源岩生排烃史和构造发育史,恢复了复杂的油气成藏演化过程1中晚二叠世,下二叠统佳木河组烃源油沿断裂和输导层运移至石炭系—二叠系圈闭中聚集;2晚三叠世到早侏罗世,下二叠统风城组烃源油沿断裂、不整合和输导层运移,在二叠系—三叠系的各套储层中聚集;3早白垩世至今,佳木河组的天然气,以及中二叠统下乌尔禾组烃源油推动早期的原生油藏向上倾方向运聚。