Study on the Impact of Collective Commercial Construction Land Entering the Market on Rural Residents’Income:Taking Deqing County,Zhejiang Province as an Example

The entry of collective construction land for business purposes is an important measure for deepening the reform of the rural land system,promoting the flow of urban and rural factors,and realizing rural revitalization.Since the production of the first batch of pilot projects in 2015,33 county-level cities have participated in the pilot policy by 2023.Deqing County,Zhejiang Province,as the first area to participate in the pilot project,aims to achieve more fruitful results.This paper first examines how promoting farmers’income through the market entry of agricultural land can be achieved,then uses the synthetic control method to quantitatively study the impact of collective operational construction land on farmers’income using panel data from 2011 to 2019,and finally proposes relevant suggestions from the perspective of system reform.

Modelling of Wage and Income Distributions Using the Method of L-Moments

Commonly used statistical procedure to describe the observed statistical sets is to use their conventional moments or cumulants. When choosing an appropriate parametric distribution for the data set is typically that parameters of a parametric distribution are estimated using the moment method of creating a system of equations in which the sample conventional moments lay in the equality of the corresponding moments of the theoretical distribution. However, the moment method of parameter estimation is not always convenient, especially for small samples. An alternative approach is based on the use of other characteristics, which the author calls L-moments. L-moments are analogous to conventional moments, but they are based on linear combinations of order statistics, i.e., L-statistics. Using L-moments is theoretically preferable to the conventional moments and consists in the fact that L-moments characterize a wider range of distribution. When estimating from sample L-moments, L-moments are more robust to the presence of outliers in the data. Experience also shows that, compared to conventional moments, L-moments are less prone to bias of estimation. Parameter estimates obtained using L-moments are mainly in the case of small samples often even more accurate than estimates of parameters made by maximum likelihood method. Using the method of L-moments in the case of small data sets from the meteorology is primarily known in statistical literature. This paper deals with the use of L-moments in the case for large data sets of income distribution （individual data） and wage distribution （data are ordered to form of interval frequency distribution of extreme open intervals）. This paper also presents a comparison of the accuracy of the method of L-moments with an accuracy of other methods of point estimation of parameters of parametric probability distribution in the case of large data sets of individual data and data ordered to form of interval frequency distribution.

Fiscal Expenditure and Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents: An Empirical Study Based on Malmquist Index and Spatial Econometrics

Based on the analysis methods of non-parametric Malmquist index and spatial econometrics as well as the provincial panel data in 2007-2010, this paper estimates the efficiency of fiscal expenditure from local governments in china in terms of reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents for the first time and evaluates the spatial correlation and heterogeneity of this efficiency. The results have shown that the fiscal expenditure of most provinces is of low efficiency in reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents, and the expenditure efficiency of local governments is not relevant to their levels of economic development. Besides, the efficiency on reducing the urban-rural income gap between different regions of China has a tendency of convergence. But this is mainly reflected inside the regional economic belt. There is significant difference between the efficiency of each economic belt. The central region has the highest efficiency in a rising trend, the western region has the lowest efficiency in a downward trend, while the eastern region is relatively stable.

Household Income and Expenditure Relationships： A Simultaneous Equation Approach

Income and expenditure are highlighted in this study as they currently affect the quality of life of the Malaysian society. In the Ninth Malaysia Plan （2006-2010） poverty eradication was emphasized as one of the socio-economic targets to uplift those poor households from the fast moving modern sectors of the economy. The primary objective of this paper is therefore to identify income and expenditure relationships among the households of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the current economic downturn. Attempts to analyze household consumption as a share of total income and to identify factors contributing to household income and expenditure have become a topic of interest in literature. A substantial portion of household income devoted to productive loans characterizes the majority of Malaysians as the economy progresses to a more advance stage. A significant and strong relationship between income and types of household expenditure is explored from the socio-economic perspectives. Using primary data a system of simultaneous equations, namely the two stage least squares （2SLS） was applied. This paper identifies crucial variables associated with the income and expenditure. Some of these variables showing high correlation with the total expenditure are the housing loan, automobile loan and educational expenditure.

Intergenerational Transmission of Income Gap for Chinese Urban and Rural Households

An accurate understanding of the intergenerational transmission of income gap is the foundation for theoretical research and policy formulation to address this issue. This paper has employed the method of two sample instrumental variables to effectively integrate CHIP data and CFPS data and correct the temporal income bias, life-cycle bias and coresidence bias, which are common problems in existing studies, and investigated the tendencies of intergenerational transmission of income gap for China's urban and rural households between 2002 and 2012. Results of empirical study indicate that the intergenerational transmission of income gap for China's urban and rural households has been on the decline yet the level of intergenerational transmission is greater for urban residents than for rural residents. This level of intergenerational transmission of income gap in China is at a medium international level lower than that of countries like the United States, Brazil and Japan and higher than that of Sweden and Chinese Taiwan. Further analysis of the intergenerational mobility of various income groups suggests the following: the intergenerational solidification of the bottom and top income groups of urban residents has significantly improved, which is the source for the reduction of intergenerational transmission of income gap. Rural residents of bottom income group are vulnerable to falling into the trap of intergenerational transmission of low income. In order to mitigate the intergenerational transmission of income gap, efforts must be made to improve educational allowance policy and increase the opportunities for children from poor and underprivileged families to receive education and to eliminate the divide of labor markets to create equal job opportunities for each and every worker.

Factors Affecting the Income of Farmers

Based on the introduction of factors affecting the income level of farmers in China,a total of 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipality cities are taken as samples to select 13 factors affecting the income level of farmers,which are arable land area(X1),disaster area(X2),effective irrigation area(X3),fertilizer application(X4),mobile phone(X5),personal computer(X6),people joining in the new rural cooperative medical care(X7),rural investment(X8),household-use machine(X9),agricultural product price(X10),proportion of labor force with above junior high school education(X11),rural delivery route(X12),and rural electricity consumption(X13).At the same time,factor analysis method is used to analyze the factors affecting the income level of farmers.Result shows that common factors affecting the income of farmers are the agricultural production factor F1,the expanded reproduction factor F2,the information use factor F3,and the output reduction factor F4.At present,education degree of farmers and ability of farmers in grasping information have relatively great impact on the income of farmers,and can effectively promote the income growth of farmers.Scores of F1 in Henan,Shandong and Hebei are generally higher;Jiangsu,Guangdong,Zhejiang and Shandong Provinces have relatively high scores of F2;Shanghai,Beijing and Guangdong have relatively high scores of F3;and Hunan,Hubei and Xinjiang have relatively high scores of F4.Finally,countermeasures are put forward to improve the income of farmers based on empirical study.

中国家庭联合收入财富不平等测度研究

使用年金法构建同时包含收入和财富的一维指标,即联合收入财富,基于该指标全面测度中国经济不平等程度并进行分解。结果发现:与收入不平等相比,联合收入财富基尼系数提高了13.36个百分点,其中房屋是影响家庭经济不平等的最重要财富形式;联合收入财富不平等程度在各年龄分组、城乡和地区之间存在较大的异质性;联合收入财富不平等主要由收入和财富年金值的边际分布本身所导致,而两大边际分布之间的关系对总体不平等的影响相对较小。

寒门何以出贵子:农村低收入群体收入跃升的机会不平等

机会平等是实现低收入群体收入跃升的重要前提。本文基于2015—2021年中国社会状况综合调查数据,将“环境—努力”机会均等分析框架引入农村低收入群体收入跃升的影响因素研究中,采用相异指数衡量农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的收入机会不平等程度,运用非参数条件推断树方法测算农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的机会不平等系数,并进一步讨论了环境因素对农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的机会不平等的直接影响和间接影响。研究发现:2015—2021年,农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的机会不平等系数为0.2356—0.2925,说明农村居民收入跃升的机会不平等程度较高;农村低收入群体性别差异对机会不平等的影响最大,其次是地区和年龄。随着时间的变化,户口迁移和父母务农的农村低收入群体,机会差异对农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的影响逐渐增加;环境因素通过教育渠道和就业渠道间接影响农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的收入机会不平等的贡献度为43.34%—55.65%,其中,教育渠道的贡献度为34.34%—43.87%,就业渠道的贡献度仅有6.07%—14.26%。本文的研究结论为更好地保障农村低收入群体发展机会平等,助力农村低收入群体收入跃升提供了理论依据。

基于合作博弈的B2B供应链金融收益分配研究

随着互联网技术在传统供应链金融领域的广泛运用,传统供应链金融与电子商务相互融合,推动了线上供应链金融的发展,第三方B2B平台开始与商业银行合作,基于第三方B2B平台的供应链金融模式应运而生。文章以电子仓单质押融资模式为例,运用博弈论的思维和方法构建电子仓单融资博弈模型,得出各参与主体非合作与合作时的期望收益,并在传统的合作博弈Shapley值的基础上,综合考虑影响B2B供应链融资参与方收益分配的影响因素,运用云重心法改进Shapley值。算例分析表明:云重心法改进的Shapley值能更合理公平的分配各参与方的收益,使得供应链间运作更加协调与稳定。

城乡建设用地增减挂钩节余指标跨省域调剂的扶贫效应

允许城乡建设用地增减挂钩节余指标跨省域调剂的政策突破了土地资源在空间上的限制,提升了土地资源在全国范围内的配置效率。本文着眼于探究该政策的扶贫效应及其机制,以农民收入作为扶贫效应的代表,运用双重差分(DID)方法,研究了该政策对“三区三州”原贫困县农村人均可支配收入的影响。实证研究结果表明,实施该政策的原贫困县农村人均可支配收入显著提高。进一步研究表明,该政策通过推动城镇化和促进产业结构升级两个方面,增强了地区的“造血”能力,取得了实质性的扶贫效果。这一发现强调了政策对地方经济的积极影响,为深入理解土地资源配置与扶贫关系提供了重要的实证支持。

按病种分值付费背景下医院科室收入核算模式探索

医保支付方式改革已迈入了全面实施阶段,按病种分值付费对公立医院经济运营管理与科室绩效管理提出了新的挑战。样本医院从改革科室收入核算模式入手,创新性提出了与按病种分值付费制度高度融合的科室收入核算模式。通过运用于科室绩效考核,切实引导医务人员理解医保支付制度,推动医疗收入内涵式增长与医疗费用合理管控,促进医院高质量可持续发展。

计及参与成本贡献的用户侧云储能服务及其纳什议价模型

为了解决以共享经济概念为基础的云储能服务中用户与运营商之间的成本贡献及收益分配问题,提出了计及参与成本贡献的用户侧云储能服务及其纳什议价模型,对运营商独立投资的集中式云储能服务进行定价。在所述服务框架中,运营商优先对充放电需求互补的用户交换电能,再通过充放电或购售电来满足总体的净充放电需求;然后,采用Shapley值法为用户分配储能损耗贡献度,并综合考虑用户的新能源余量能量互济率及虚拟储能利用率,对分配结果改进,以进一步刻画用户服务费的差异性;最后,求解计及用户成本贡献的纳什议价模型,计算各用户的服务费。算例结果表明:所提方法减小了储能充放电损耗及总体用能成本,并提升了新能源消纳率;且改进Shapley值法的分配结果促进了用户将新能源余量上网及按需租赁虚拟储能。同时,纳什议价模型在保证用户服务费差异合理的前提下,兼顾了用户群体和运营商之间的利益诉求,促进了双方合作。

财政资金支持与低收入群体持续增收

促进欠发达地区农民持续增收是实现乡村全面振兴的经济基础。本文基于2006—2019年县级面板数据,以脱贫县农民为研究对象,使用合成控制法评估财政资金支持力度下降后欠发达地区低收入群体的收入增长情况及地区异质性。研究发现:与合成县相比,约35.48%的县的农民收入增长幅度上升,约45.16%的县下降,约19.36%的县基本无差异。财政收入端和支出端的共同挤压使得地方政府财政支出压力增大,进一步对地方政府整体财政支出产生约束,进而对不同自我发展能力的地区产生异质性影响。进一步分析表明,产业结构优化与基础设施建设提升了欠发达地区的自我发展能力,为低收入群体持续增收提供了原动力。

基于改进成本收入比法的DRG成本核算模式探索与实践

成本收入比法以病案首页的费用分类划分服务单元,进行成本收入归集,存在一定缺陷,通过对成本收入比法进行优化,将服务单元细化为作业中心,引入作业成本费率作为分摊参数,构建DRG成本核算模型,为DRG成本核算方法的应用提供参考。结果显示,改进的成本收入比法可以快速、有效地核算DRG成本,核算结果更为精细,对帮助医院实现多维度精细化管理具有重要作用。

共同富裕目标下中部六省农民收入结构及持续增收探析

农民持续增收是实现共同富裕的关键所在。通过偏离—份额分析法,分析2013—2020年中部六省农民收入水平及农民收入结构变化的影响因素。结果表明,中部六省农民收入总体保持增长势头,但收入结构仍存在明显的省域差异。各省农民收入结构比例变化趋势相对稳定,以工资性收入下降、转移性收入上升为主要特征;收入来源以工资性收入为主、家庭经营性收入为辅,财产性收入和转移性收入比重低。份额总体分析表明竞争优势是驱动中部六省农民收入增长的主要动力,但收入结构亟须优化;份额明细分析表明中部六省各项收入来源的优势和劣势不尽相同,阻碍农民增收因素存在显著差异。为进一步实现农村农民共同富裕,要为农村劳动力创造更多就业机会,挖掘农业增收潜力,全面深化农村改革,完善社会保障体系,从而扎实推进农村农民逐步实现共同富裕。

联邦计算中的数据交易预期收益分配模型

[目的/意义]建立合理的预期收益分配,对于联邦计算中达成合作意向具有重要意义。[方法/过程]本文针对联邦计算中的预期收益分配问题,提出了模糊修正的Shapley值模型。首先,模型通过加入预测准确性、应用场景以及市场环境因素,反映数据供应方对于数据产品价值的直接贡献以及外部环境对数据产品收益的系统性影响;其次,加入预测稳健性、数据信用度、数据投入因素,反映数据供应方合作投入和信用水平对数据合作开发的间接推动力;最后,针对交易撮合期间预期收益难以准确衡量的问题,模型使用模糊数进行预期收益的模糊表达,为数据供应方提供更稳定的预期收益分配结果。[结果/结论]通过仿真实验发现,本文提出的模糊修正的Shapley值法的预期收益分配模型可促进形成较为合理的预期收益分配方案。

基于雷诺平均法的四圆柱桩绕流数值模拟研究

为研究河海深水中水流对桥梁桩基础的动力学作用。文章基于ANSYS/FLUENT数值仿真软件,采用雷诺平均法研究四圆柱桩的绕流特征,分析7种不同迎流角及3种典型间距比下的四圆柱桩流场特征、各桩阻力系数及桩周床面所受切应力的分布。结果表明:迎流角与间距比均对四圆柱桩绕流特性有较强的影响;随迎流角从0°增大到45°,下游桩周床面切应力分布模式由屏蔽状态逐渐转变为分离流冲击状态;当间距比为1.0时,临界屏蔽角为5°;当间距比为1.5或2.0时,迎流角处在20°~30°之间,各桩阻力系数值均处于1.0±0.2范围,此时屏蔽效应最小。

相对贫困的国际测量方法、运行实践及启示

科学合理设定相对贫困标准是实现共同富裕的基本前提,是识别和监测相对贫困人口的基础性工作。国际上常用的相对贫困测量方法包括单维收入贫困测量和多维相对贫困测量。通过明晰不同类别相对贫困测量方法的基本内涵,结合典型国家的实践经验,总结其可能给中国制定多维相对贫困标准带来的启示。同时指出,结合中国经济发展阶段和贫困治理目标,应采取多维相对贫困测量法,除考虑收入维度外,还要考虑教育、医疗、住房、基本公共服务、享有社会保障权益等维度。此外,因中国城乡和地区发展差异较大,相对贫困标准的制定应考虑地区差异并建立灵活的阈值动态调整机制。

基于收益途径的有色金属采矿权评估方法

通过对收益途径评估采矿权价值的三种方法进行阐述,比较其不同之处,并结合有色金属采矿权评估的特点,分析有色金属采矿权评估中不同情况下评估方法的选择,并说明有色金属价格剧烈波动,需要结合相应有色金属产业链传导机制并使用合适的价格预测模型预测有色金属价格,同时根据不同矿种引入特有风险计算折现率。此外可以将有色金属开采过程中的碳排放成本内部化,更好地平衡环境保护和矿产资源开采之间的关系。

宅基地制度改革的农民增收效应研究

依托2013-2019年中国县级统计数据,构建宅基地制度改革试点的准自然实验,并运用多时期差分法来评估改革试点对农民增收的政策影响,同时采用中介效应模型探究其作用机制。结果显示,宅基地制度改革试点显著提高了当地农民的人均可支配收入。进一步的分析揭示,宅基地制度改革试点促进了信贷水平的提升和第二三产业的发展,从而有助于农民增收。此外,宅基地制度改革试点在中西部地区对农民收入的增长效应超过了东部地区,并且在农业机械化水平较低的地区对农民收入的提升作用更为显著。基于以上发现,建议在宅基地制度的后续改革中,继续拓宽宅基地使用权流转的多元化渠道,简化农民以宅基地使用权为抵押向金融机构申请贷款的程序,并制定符合地方实际情况的宅基地制度改革政策,特别是聚焦于中西部地区的发展。