The move towards international harmonization of accounting standards has dominated the work program of International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） in the past years. This paper aims to verify the compliance of t...The move towards international harmonization of accounting standards has dominated the work program of International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） in the past years. This paper aims to verify the compliance of the comprehensive income （CI） statement format with International Accounting Standard （IAS） 1-presentation of financial statements, which was revised in 2007. The changes introduced by the 2011 revision are also taken into account. For this purpose, this study analyzes the final annual financial statements approved in 2011 by the Italian companies whose shares belonged to the Italia Star segment of Financial Times and Stock Exchange （FTSE）. Given that IAS 1 provides little specific guidance about the presentation of line items and permits many alternative types of format, this paper focuses on information organization in the statement of CI in order to analyze the degree of heterogeneity of financial information. For achieving this goal, this study considers the following issues： （1） presentation of all items of income and expense in an overall statement or in two separate statements; （2） a detailed level of the content in terms of number of items between revenue and net income （NI）; （3） classification of expenses either by nature or by function; （4） number and type of intermediate margins; and （5） presentation of items of other comprehensive income （OCI） either before tax or net of tax. The results show some clear evidences. On the one hand, there is a high diversity in accounting practices, which makes it difficult for users to compare financial information across entities, highlighting the need to complete the joint project of the standards setters （IASB and Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB）） on financial statement presentation. On the other hand, some alternative types of presentation （e.g., the tendency to split the CI statement into two statements rather than using an integrated solution, the prevalence to disaggregate the expenses by nature, etc.） are used by most of the entities of the sample possibly because of the influence of Italian accounting culture.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the impact of Separation of Revenue and Expenditure(SRE)on the first contact care in community health centers(CHCs)among community residents.Methods:Data was obtained through questionnaire survey...Objective:To evaluate the impact of Separation of Revenue and Expenditure(SRE)on the first contact care in community health centers(CHCs)among community residents.Methods:Data was obtained through questionnaire survey before and after the pilot.Residents who visited CHCs within two weeks before the conduction of the surveys were included in this study.This study employed a pre-post quasi-experiment design and multiple regression models were specified based on the Andersen theoretical framework.Results:Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of first contact care in CHCs increased by 28.3%(P=0.000).Conclusions:SRE has increased the first contact care in CHCs among the community residents.展开更多
文摘The move towards international harmonization of accounting standards has dominated the work program of International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） in the past years. This paper aims to verify the compliance of the comprehensive income （CI） statement format with International Accounting Standard （IAS） 1-presentation of financial statements, which was revised in 2007. The changes introduced by the 2011 revision are also taken into account. For this purpose, this study analyzes the final annual financial statements approved in 2011 by the Italian companies whose shares belonged to the Italia Star segment of Financial Times and Stock Exchange （FTSE）. Given that IAS 1 provides little specific guidance about the presentation of line items and permits many alternative types of format, this paper focuses on information organization in the statement of CI in order to analyze the degree of heterogeneity of financial information. For achieving this goal, this study considers the following issues： （1） presentation of all items of income and expense in an overall statement or in two separate statements; （2） a detailed level of the content in terms of number of items between revenue and net income （NI）; （3） classification of expenses either by nature or by function; （4） number and type of intermediate margins; and （5） presentation of items of other comprehensive income （OCI） either before tax or net of tax. The results show some clear evidences. On the one hand, there is a high diversity in accounting practices, which makes it difficult for users to compare financial information across entities, highlighting the need to complete the joint project of the standards setters （IASB and Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB）） on financial statement presentation. On the other hand, some alternative types of presentation （e.g., the tendency to split the CI statement into two statements rather than using an integrated solution, the prevalence to disaggregate the expenses by nature, etc.） are used by most of the entities of the sample possibly because of the influence of Italian accounting culture.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the impact of Separation of Revenue and Expenditure(SRE)on the first contact care in community health centers(CHCs)among community residents.Methods:Data was obtained through questionnaire survey before and after the pilot.Residents who visited CHCs within two weeks before the conduction of the surveys were included in this study.This study employed a pre-post quasi-experiment design and multiple regression models were specified based on the Andersen theoretical framework.Results:Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of first contact care in CHCs increased by 28.3%(P=0.000).Conclusions:SRE has increased the first contact care in CHCs among the community residents.
