Spatial pattern recognition for near-surface high temperature increases in mountain areas using MODIS and SRTM DEM

Abrupt near-surface temperature changes in mountainous areas are a special component of the mountain climate system.Fast and accurate measurements of the locations,intensity,and width of the near-surface changes are necessary but highly difficult due to the complicated environmental conditions and instrumental issues.This paper develops a spatial pattern recognition method to measure the near-surface high temperature increase(NSHTI),one of the lesser-attended changes.First,raster window measurement was proposed to calculate the temperature lapse rate using MODIS land surface temperature and SRTM DEM data.It fully considers the terrain heights of two neighboring cells on opposite or adjacent slopes with a moving window of 3×3 cell size.Second,a threshold selection was performed to identify the NSHTI cells using a threshold of-0.65℃/100 m.Then,the NSHTI strips were parameterized through raster vectorization and spatial analysis.Taking Yunnan,a mountainous province in southwestern China,as the study area,the results indicate that the NSHTI cells concentrate in a strip-like pattern along the mountains and valleys,and the strips are almost parallel to the altitude contours with a slight northward uplift.Also,they are located mostly at a 3/5 height of high mountains or within 400 m from the valley floors,where the controlling topographic index is the altitude of the terrain trend surface but not the absolute elevation and the topographic uplift height and cutting depth.Additionally,the NSHTI intensity varies with the geographic locations and the proportions increase with an exponential trend,and the horizontal width has a mean of about 1000 m and a maximum of over 5000 m.The result demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively recognize NSHTI boundaries over mountains,providing support for the modeling of weather and climate systems and the development of mountain resources.

Obstructive sleep apnea increases heart rhythm disorders and worsens subsequent outcomes in elderly patients with subacute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a potential cardiovascular risk.We aimed to investigate the association of OSA with heart rhythm disorders and prognosis in elderly patients with new-onset acute myocardial infarction(AMI).METHODS We prospectively enrolled 252 AMI elderly patients(mean age,68.5±6.9 years)who were undergoing revascularization and completed a sleep study during their hospitalization.All subjects were categorized into non-OSA(apnea–hypopnea index(AHI)<15,n=130)and OSA(AHI≥15,n=122)groups based on the AHI.The changes in the autonomic nervous system,incidence of arrhythmia during nocturnal sleep,and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCEs)were compared between the groups.RESULTS The mean AHI value in all AMI patients was 22.8±10.9.OSA patients showed higher levels of body mass index and peak high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lower levels of minimum nocturnal oxygen saturation(Min Sa O2),as well as greater proportion of multivessel coronary artery disease(all P<0.05).The OSA group also showed significant increases in heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence onset(both P<0.05)and higher incidence of arrhythmia(including sinus,atrial,and ventricular in origin).At a median follow-up of 6 months(mean 0.8–1.6 years),OSA(AHI≥15)combined with hypoxia(Min Sa O2≤80%)was independently associated with the incidence of MACCEs(hazard ratio[HR]:4.536;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.461-14.084,P=0.009)after adjusting for traditional risk factors.CONCLUSIONS OSA and OSA-induced hypoxia may correlate with the severity of myocardial infarction,increase the occurrence of heart rhythm disorders in elderly subacute MI patients,and worsen their short-term poor outcomes.

Administration of soluble activin receptor 2B increases bone and muscle mass in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta（OI） comprises a group of heritable connective tissue disorders generally defined by recurrent fractures, low bone mass, short stature and skeletal fragility. Beyond the skeletal complications of OI,many patients also report intolerance to physical activity, fatigue and muscle weakness. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that skeletal muscle is also negatively affected by OI, both directly and indirectly. Given the well-established interdependence of bone and skeletal muscle in both physiology and pathophysiology and the observations of skeletal muscle pathology in patients with OI, we investigated the therapeutic potential of simultaneous anabolic targeting of both bone and skeletal muscle using a soluble activin receptor 2B（ACVR2B） in a mouse model of type Ⅲ OI（oim）. Treatment of 12-week-old oim mice with ACVR2 B for 4 weeks resulted in significant increases in both bone and muscle that were similar to those observed in healthy,wild-type littermates. This proof of concept study provides encouraging evidence for a holistic approach to treating the deleterious consequences of OI in the musculoskeletal system.

Mean Age of the Ethnic Population in Yunnan Increases by 36 years

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Income Increases in Urban China

From December 1996 to January 1997;A s ampling survey of the income level of urban residents in China was conducted jointly by the State Statisti-cal Bureau。the Ministry of Iabour,the All1-China Federation of Trade U-nions,the Ministry of Gvi1 Affairs,

Guilin Rubber Machinery Factory Increases Export Earnings

Situated in the southern suburbs of Guilin City and founded in 1966, the Guilin Rubber Machinery Factory is a special factory under the Ministry of the Chemical Industry producing rubber machinery. The factory has a staff of 1,900. fixed assets of RMB 110 million,advanced equipment, a strong technical force and complete product categories.Its main products—double-mold tyre setting vulcanizers—account for

ZTE Sees Sizable Increases in Worldwide Patent Applications in 2009 and Tops China's Patent Application Ranking List

ZTE Corporation has reported that the Patent Protection Association of China （PPAC） recently released patent application rankings for 2009 with ZTE, Huawei and Hongfujin claiming the top three spots on the ranking list.

China and Israel Increases Government Loan Cooperation

According to statistics,China and Israel’s bilateral trade volume had reached 1142 billion USD by the end of 2015.China’s direct investment into Israel surpassed 6billion USD,and Israel’s investment in China surpassed 1 billion USD.China has become Israel’s largest trading partner in Asia and thirdlargest trading partner in the world.

The Chinese Government Increases S&T Investment

The Chinese government has made great efforts to increase investment in science, technology and education, Vice Premier Li Lanqing told the country’s top legislators on August 24. A total of 146 billion yuan (about US$17.6 billion) was raised nationwide for science and technology in 1999, representing an increase of 12.5% over the previous year, among which funds for research and development

Trouble Increases as Tire Rolls

Background President Obama will soon be required to decide whether to impose quotas or other restrictions against imports of passenger and light truck tires from China.

Use of FDI in West China Increases

The increase of actual use of foreign investment in China’s western regions exceeded the nation’s average by 128 percentage points in the first two months this year,said an official of the ministry of commerce on Sunday.

Why China Increases Its Defense Budget

AT the March 4 press conference during the Fourth Session of the 11th National People’s Congress(NPC), spokesman Li Zhaoxing said that China will raise its defense budget by about 12.7 percent to 601.1 billion yuan($91.5 billion),accounting for 6 percent of this year’s budgetary fiscal expenditure. The percentage is slightly down compared to that of previous years. But the two-digit growth has again sparked heated debate among foreign media.Some of them question the

China's Textile and Apparel Exports to US Increases 1.53 percent in 2009

2009 was a disappointing year to export sector. In January to November of 2009, China’s textile and garment exports fell by 11.02percent year on year to US $154.12 billion,

Gravity, Not Mass Increases with Velocity

There are controversies and misunderstandings with the term “relativistic mass”. So, alternative concepts must be considered. It is postulated herewith that the stronger force required to accelerate an object moving at a faster speed is due to the increase of its inertia. That ensues in a rise in the gravitational force required to pull that object, and thereby brings to an increase in the gravitational constant. In this paper a formula is derived to calculate these variations in the gravitational constant, which is: . This makes the use of the term “relativistic mass” unnecessary.

INHIBITION OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS INCREASES THE SECRETION OF ENDOTHELIN-1 IN VIVO AND IN CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of nitric oxide, formed from L-arginine, on the production of endothelin?1 in vivo and in cultured endothelial cells. In mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs (n = 5), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during hypoxic ventilation (FIO2 = 0.10) was 25 ?3.1 kPa and 68.7 ?10.2 kPa.s / L respectively. IG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, increased the peak value of PAPm and PVR during hypoxic ventilation to 36.6 ?4.7 kPa and 158.4 ?25 kPa.s / L and its effect lasted for 2-3 hours. Meanwhile, plasma endothelin? level in the femoral artery increased by 20.9+ 7.1, 25.6?7.7, 28.6?7.9 pg / ml at the 60 th, 120th, 180th minute after the injection of L-NAME respectively (P<0.05 vs hypoxic control before the injection). In cultured endothelial cells from umbilical veins, endothelin-1 level of culture medium in control group was 35.1 ?.9 pg / 105 cells /ml (n=9). L-NAME increased endothelin-1 level to 42.8 ?4.9pg / 105 cells / ml (n = 9, P < 0.05) in case of 10-11 mol / L and to 43.0+ 4.7 pg / 105 cells / ml in case of 10 -7 mol/L (n=9, F<0.05). These findings indicate that endogenous nitric oxide is an inhibitory modulator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and that nitric oxide inhibits the production of endothelin? in vivo and in cultured vascular endothelial cells.

OTS_1-dependent deSUMOylation increases tolerance to high copper levels in Arabidopsis

The conjugation of SUMO （small ubiquitin-like modifier） to protein substrates is a reversible process （SUMOylation/deSUMOylation） that regulates plant devel- opment and stress responses. The essential metal copper （Cu） is required for normal plant growth, but excess amounts are toxic. The SUMO E3 ligase, SIZI, and SIZ1- mediated SUMOylation function in plant tolerance to excess Cu. It is unknown whether deSUMOylation also contributes to Cu tolerance in plants. Here, we report that OTSI, a protease that cleaves SUMO from its substrate proteins, participates in Cu tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana （Arabi- dopsis）. OTS1 loss-of-function mutants （otsl-2 and otsl-3） displayed increased sensitivity to excess Cu. Redox homeostasis and the balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation were disrupted in the otsl-3 mutant under excess Cu conditions, The otsl-3 mutant accumulated higher levels of Cu in both shoots and roots compared to wild type. Specific Cu-related metal transporter genes were upregu- lated due to the loss-of-function of OTS% which might explain the high Cu levels in otsl-3. These results suggest that the SUMOylation/deSUMOylation machinery is acti- vated in response to excess Cu, and modulates Cu homeostasis and tolerance by regulating both Cu uptake and detoxification. Together, our findings provide insight into the biological function and regulatory role of SUMOylation/deSUMOylation in plant tolerance to Cu.

Overexpression of the nuclear protein gene AtDUF4 increases organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus

Organ size is an important trait of many crops that is influenced by internal and environmental signals and controlled by a combina- tion of factors during organogenesis （I（rizek, 2009）. The final size of plant organs is determined by two successive but overlapping pro- cesses： cell division, which increases cell number, and cell expan- sion, which determines final cell size （Anastasiou and Lenhard, 2007）. Some genes have been identified to control organ size by regulating cell division and for cell expansion in plants.

Access to advanced sodium-ion batteries by presodiation:Principles and applications

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are expected to offer affordability and high energy density for large-scale energy storage system.However,the commercial application of SIBs is hurdled by low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE),continuous Na loss during long-term operation,and low sodium-content of cathode materials.In this scenario,presodiation strategy by introducing an external sodium reservoir has been rationally proposed,which could supplement additional sodium ions into the system and thereby markedly improve both the cycling performance and energy density of SIBs.In this review,the significance of presodiation is initially introduced,followed by comprehensive interpretation on technological properties,underlying principles,and associated approaches,as well as our perspectives on present inferiorities and future research directions.Overall,this contribution outlines a distinct pathway towards the presodiation methodology,of significance but still in its nascent phase,which may inspire the targeted guidelines to explore new chemistry in this field.